Full text of "73 Magazine (January 1994)"

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JANUARY 1994

ISSUE #4W

USA $2.95

CAN $3.95

A WGI Publication
International Edition

GADGETS

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Great Ptojeris

Versatile NiCd Charger
Automatic Morse IDer
Ultra-Accurate Frequency Standard
Hula Loop Bi-Directional Antenna

73 Reviews

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THE TEAM

PUBLISHER/EDITOR
Wayne Green W2NSD/1

ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER/EDITOR
David Cassfdy N1GPH

MANAGING EDITOR
Hope Currlsr

SENIOFVTECHNICAL EDITOR
Charles Warrington WA1 RZW

EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES
Sue Jewell
Joyce Sawtelle

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
Bill Brown WB8ELK
Mike Bryce WB8VGE
Joseph E. Carr K4IPV
David Cowhig WA1LBP
Michael GeierKBlUM
Jim Gray W1XU/7
Chuck Houghton WB6EGP
Arnie Johnson N1 BAG
Dr. Marc Leavey WA3AJR
Andy MacAlllsier WA5ZIB
Joe Moell K0OV
Carole Perry WB2MGP
Jeffrey Sloman N1EWO

ADVERTISING SALES MANAGER

Dan Harper

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Hancock NH

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JS Amateur

Radio Today

January 1994
Issue #400

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FEATURES

10 Using the World's Most Accurate Frequency Standard, Part 1

Building a receiver for WWVB.. . „„. K9EUI

18 Micro IDer

An easy-to-buiid automatic Morse code station identifier. KA9SZW, Pointer

30 The "Hula Loop"

A stationary bidirectional hybrid three-element delta loop..... NH6XK

34 The Quad Charger

A constant current NiCd charger. , K4GOK

REVIEWS

42 EASY-PC Printed Circuit Layout Software

Want to get into computer-aided design (CAD)? ,,

48 'The Radio Doctor"

"Fix it and run it" videos ..„

K4IPV

.WB6NOA

DEPARTMENTS

74 Above and Beyond

81 Ad Index

76 Ask K a boom

72 ATV

89 Barter 'n* Buy

54 Carr's Corner

37 Dealer Directory

17 Feedback Index

47 Ham Help

66 Hams with Class

50 Hamsats

62 Homing In

6 Letters

4 Mever Say Die

88 New Products

70 Packet & Computers

96 Propagation

68 QRP

8 QRX

96 Random Output

52 RTTYLoop

80 73 International

87 Special Events

94 Uncle Wayne's

Bookshelf

53 Updates

66 1993 Annual Index

Build this automatic Morse identifier . . . see page 18,

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you lite b&t. And then we
wil] draw one Feedback
card each month for a free
subscription u> 73.

On the cover: Recharge ail ofyourNiCd cells with this versatile, easy-to-buiid project See page 34,

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73 Amateur Radio Today (ISSN 1052-2522) is published monthly by Wayne Green Inc., 70 Route 202 North.
Peterborough NH 03456. Entire contents ©1993 by Wayne Green Inc. No part of this publication may be repro-
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Editorial Offices

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phone: 603-924-0058

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phone: 800-274-7373

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phone: 603-924-0058

73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1 994 3

Number 1 on your Feedback card

1 V'

EVER S4Y DIE

Wayne Green W2NSD/1

Stop That Damned Noise!

Is that your normal response when
you hear opportunity knocking? This
came to mind when f got several let-
ters recently from readers thanking me
for getting them oft their fat lazy butts
and thinking about making money.
There are endless opportunities, it's
just that most of us are not tuned to
that wavelength, so we don't see 'em.
Yet, I'll bel there are dozens of readers
who are bitching because they don't
have enough money tor this or lor
that. Whine . . « I can't afford those
new expensive rigs . ♦ , whine. Oh,
baloney I

You can have anything you want
, . « if you really want it and are willing
to spend some time and effort. Oppor-
tunities lie everywhere. I see 'em ev-
ery day and I think. Lordy, if I Just find
a couple more people with an Interest
In working, what fun we'd have with
that ideal And I wonder why no one
eise has thought of anything so obvi-
ous. Well, maybe that's why I have a
Ph.D. in Entrepreneurial Science and
you don't.

Let me give you a lor Instance." I
subscribe to a bunch of magazines
and buy a lot of stuff by mail, so I'm on
endless sucker lists. The other day
this resulted in a stack of catalogs
from Home Automation Laboratories
(HAL). I looked through them and
thought, what a great opportunity for
hams to go into business selling and
installing home automation and securi-
ty products in their neighborhoods.
The catalog is packed with hundreds
of great gadgets. The outfit is in
Smyrna GA 30082-5141, if they
missed sending you a catalog.

Then There's the Music Business

The music industry is in chaos
these days Wherever there's chaost
them's opportunity, and the opportuni-
ties in the music field are endless to-
day I know I'm having a ball. There
are so many things that can be done I
hardly know which way to turn next.

Let me be specific- Let's say you'd
like to make some change in your
spam time. Sure, you're afraid to quit
your 2-5 and step otl the Cliff as an en-
trepreneur You don't have to, H you
invest maybe S2.000 tops in a digital
audio tape recorder and a good stereo
microphone set, you'll be in business.

4 73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1994

With a little shopping you might even
find used stuff for half that.

Who should you record? Welt, how
about tackling any Jarge city and
recording the street musicians? There
are some fabulous musicians working
the streets of every big city in the
world. All you have to do is record 'em
, . . preferably playing their own music
. . . and TIE take it from there, I'm set
up to make the CDs and cassettes,
complete with the liner notes, bar
codes, and so on. Further. I can get
you started with promotion in music
publications read by consumers and
the record store buyers, lm already
distributing music for over 500 record
companies, so I know the ropes.
There are a zillion people who'd love
to start collecting a set of street musi-
cian performances from cities around
the world.

I've heard marvelous performers in
London, Munich, Berlin, Vienna,
Cannes, Paris, Amsterdam N New York,
Chicago, New Orleans, Philadelphia,
Boston. San Francisco, etc. I just wish
I had the time to record "em all, There
was even one guy wheeling a grand
piano around the New York streets
and playing classical music. There are
some wonderful steel bands, violinists,
great guitar players, and endless Pe-
ruvian and Ecuadorian groups.

Think about it. Street performers
get eight to 12 hours a day of practice,
seven days a week, so unless they've
some mental problems. they tend to
get awfully good. I discovered Scott
Kirby playing his piano on the streets
of New Orleans. Today, as a result of
my recordings, Scott is recognized as
the finest ragtime pianist In the world.
He's the only ragtime pianist who's
making a living at it just playing his
music. Around 99% of our musicians
have to have daytime jobs to pay the
bills so they can play gigs at night.

You'll be helping yourself as wel* as
the performers. They'd all love to have
CDs and cassettes to self and we can
supply em. with endless commissions
to you. They normally sell the CDs for
$15, making S5 on every sale. You
make a buck, They sell cassettes for
510 and make S3. You make 66c.
That adds up fast and I realty enjoy
sending out nice fat commission
checks.

Well, obviously only a few people

V '

can record street music, so what else
is there? Within a few miles of you
there are endless musicians. They're
everywhere. All performers need CDs
and cassettes to sell at their perfor-
mances. They usually make mom sell-
ing these than they get for their gigs.

Then there are endless places to
find performers. I'm way up in the
mountains of New Hampshire, yel in
the tiny town of Antrim we've got a
blues dub in the Rynborn restaurant.
Every performer there should be
recorded. By the time you have 15 of
em you've got enough for a CD . . .
for both the performers and the club to
sell, In Peterborough we've got the
Folkway. which attracts many well*
known performers, plus there's Lat-
aearla, and Del Rossi's {mostly blue-
grass). All three of these restaurants
should be recording their artists and
helping them sell their CDs and cas-
settes, There's enough going on Just
in Peterborough to keep someone
busy in their spare time , . , and mak-
ing very nice money That's one great
thing aboul recordings, once you have
'em, you can sell em lor years.

So what's It cost to do all this? I've
explained about the equipment That's
simple, though you1 II want to get good
at placing your stereo mike. It costs
about 32.300 to make a thousand
CDs. They normally wholesale to dis-
tributors for around $7,50, sell to
record stores for $10, and retail for
$15. The spread between the $2,30 it
costs to manufacture the CD, com-
plete with finer notes, tray card, jewel
box, shrink wrap, plus three months of
promotion in the Secret Guide to Mu-
sic, CD Review, and Music Retailing,
and the distributor price has to cover
the costs of making the DAT record-
ing, further promotion, advertising, and
payments on your yacht. If the CD
sells at ail well youll see some pretty
good money rolling in.

Any cJub or restaurant that has mu-
sic should be a good potential cus-
tomer. Every musical group. How
about school (great graduation gift) or
town bands? Many companies have
bands. In England there are many su-
perb company bands and I've got their
CDs to prove Jt. In Germany there are
endless folk music groups that are
marvelous, I'll bet I have close to a
hundred CDs of German oompah and

yodeling groups1 and I enjoy every
one of them. I've even got a collection
of Polish folk singing groups.

In America there are polka bands,
square dance bands, country fiddling
contests, bluegrass festivals. ca|unt
zydecoT rap, Dixieland, ragtime festi-
vals, maybe a couple hundred jazz
festivals, and so on. These all are ripe
for recording

So Who Pays for the CDs?

I'ii underwrite the street musician
series rf you're short of money to get
started. But I'll bet I can get it back
from Chambers of Commerce. And
even if not. I can sell enough of a se-
ries like that via mail order and record
stores to make it profitable.

But even if you have to finance the
CDs yourself, you can be making a
profit after the first 250 are sold.

I recommend you record music
written by the performers so you'll
avoid having to pay copyright royal-
ties. These can come to $1 .20 per CD.
so they're tough. That's a federal law,
so you don't mess with it, Performer
royalties are usually 12%. Thai's
about 90c per CD. All that brings your
investment to about $4,40 per CD.
You sell 'em to distributors for $7.50,
or to your local record stores or
restaurants for $10. $9 io your per-
formers).

The Music Industry Chaos

Up until the last two or three years
six record companies had a strangle-
hold on the whole industry, it was a
solid cartel. They controlled the major
artists, distribution, many of the record
stores, virtually all major radio station
air play, MTV, and so on. Since five of
the six megacorpo rations are foreign-
owned, most of the money from all this
is probably being sent abroad. Just in
the last couple yea^ with the forma*
I on of the Independent Music Produc-
er's Syndicate (IMPS), this has begun
to change. The majors have been
fighting back, cutting off advertising to
retailers not toeing the line. They've
also stopped selling to troublesome
retailers, forcing them to buy from the
more expensive "one-stops." The ma-
jors are trying to stop retailers from
selling used CDs. They're trying to
stop them from letting customers re-
turn any CDs they don't tike . . * or
even be able to listen to them in the
stores before buying.

The result of ail this has been a bo-
nanza for the small independent
record companies (indies). Record
stores are getting angrier and angrier
at the majors and are starting to sen*
ously push indie music as an alterna-
tive. But we need tons more indie mu-
sic to fill this need. Good music. The
performers are out there, we just have
to get 'em on digital tape (DAT] and
then make the CDs.

Those are some of the opportuni-
ties I see in the music field, but I'll bet
that whatever business you're in. it
you start thinking, you'll see plenty of
exciting ways to make money. You just

Continued on page 84

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• Beautiluily illuminated when connected to power supply.

• 6 tool cable standard.

i Optional EKS-3 1 0 foot extension cable for a tola! ol
16 feel between the sensor and meter.

CX-725

TrvBand50/14&'446MHz
Gain & Wave:
50MHiZ15dBi£tfBve
146MHz 62oB SB wave* 2
446MHz 8.4dB 5fl ivave i i
VSWR: 121 or less
Ms* Power 200*Oto
Length: 76"
WeigrtSte.
Corrector S0238
Corstjucoort: Ffan^&ss

CX-333

Tn^antatiSOWtttz

SLC System

fi^n a WsvP'

i46MHz&5JBH«aei2
22a§te7floBH«awji3
44ayH790desSwavei5

VSWR: Lass taiTS.T.

145-1*7.3**, mzzsmL

44MSDM42
Mst Power 120 wscs
Laugh: iff?
Connecter SO-239
Construction: Heavy*0ut|(
fiberglass, 2 Sections

CX-902

Tn -Band 146'44ft 1200 MHz
Gam & Wave:

14SMHz6.W&&B*mi2
446MHz iOdB^wawi 3
1200MHz 9 QdBSffl wave *S
VSWR: ii lor less
Mai Power. 200 watts
Unglh; Iff
Weioht3te3oa
Connecter H- Type
0— burton Fteflass
21

CMX-1

CMX-2

CMX-3

1&^60MHz

16-200MHZ

140-525MHZ

0-2KW

r>200W

0-2TJCW

3q/3qq/2kw

ZO/50/200W

2Q/5G/2QOW

CX-903

Tn-Band1«&**&1200MHi
Gvi tWlWE

l48*fc65oBttw3»i2

*4mz9QdB5Gwnei5

12ttUH2ll5dB5BwawTl2

VSWR: 1 5 I or kes&u

144 5- 147MHz. 44Q-450MH2L

l2GD-tt)Qwtfe

Maj Power 100 waits

Length:? 4"

W*$ht: 3 te 8 OO,

Connector: N-Type

Construction: heavy-Duty

fiberglass. 2 SKfons

COMET products are available from most major
dealers. For customer service, or a complete
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confident COMET products and accessories will
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Letters

Number 2 on your Feedback card

From the Hamshack

Sid Wolin K2LJH, Manager, Ax-
den Communications Division,
Franklin Square NY We at Azden
are very appreciative of your having
published a review of our AZ-61 6 me-
ter handheld radio (November '93J.
While reading itT 1 noticed a statement
lhat could be misunderstood and
would place the radio in a poor light.

Gordon West says, "Unlike the 2
meter version, the Azden 6 meter
handheld offers no oddball duplex
sptit." What It should have said was,
"Just like the 2 meter version, the Az-
den 6 meter handheld offers any com-
bination of oddball splits in each of its
40 memories." It is a most versatile ra-
dio.

I would appreciate your including a
correction in the next available issue.

Sid— Thanks for setting us straight.
That AZ-61 sure is a nice little radio
... David NlGPH

Carl Moore W4MJK, Sparta TN

Wayne— Thanks for your editorials,
comments, etc.. especially the one foi-
lowing Rickey's letter in the Septem-
ber issue. Wayne, you should realize
that you could increase your circula-
tion much quicker by telling people
what they want to hear, rather than the
truth,

Now that we get everything for
nothing these days, we no longer have
to work for what we get out of life.
Hell, today when you graduate, with a
degree in Bull™S, you are qualified for
CEO of a multinational corporation. If
the world falls to recognize your tal-
ents, just continue to sponge off of
Mom and Dad. Shoot, these are the
"90s, do your thing.

I heard my first radio in 1926, the
Dempsey-Tunney fight. I've been in-
volved in communications since age
11. when we built our first portable ra-
dk>. We put a crystal inside a big ear-
phone and wired it up. You could hook
onto a barbed-wire fence near Atlanta
and hear WSB loud and clear. Of
course, the fence wasn't portable.

I have enclosed a photo of the
TU-1000 RTTY unit described in ihe
June 1985 issue of 73. I built it last
year, even though I already had a
RTTY unit- t just enjoy the feeling of
satisfaction and accomplishment that
comes from creating something, I
know you have experienced that feel-
ing many, many times during your life.
I bet you a buck that ff you coufd get a
lot more Americans to experience that
feeling, just once, what a wonderful
change we would seel

D. E. George WP4XD, Isla Verde,
Puerto Rico Dear Charles Warring-
ton: I am addressing this letter to you
because I am not sure who or what
should get it. Is it "Kaboom." "Cans

Corner.' "Ham Help.* or "tetters,* or
all of them?

My problem, and I'm sure other
hams who have Heathkits have or will
have this problem, is replacement of
certain proprietary devices used in
some kits. The immediate problem is
with two !Cs used in the Heath Hand-
held Frequency Counter Model
IM24D0. They are identified as Heath
p/n 442-698 and p/n 443-937. I've
searched my sources for these de-
vices to no avail. HELP!

This poor meter (sad, not bad) went
through Hurricane Hugo a Tew years
ago, from which I lost the NiCds and
now the High Frequency Channel The
Low Frequency Channel works fine,
as did the High Frequency, unlit last
week. In the absence of the NiCds,
I've been running off of a regulated
power supply. Apparently, this power
supply developed a sptke(?) which
popped these devices. IVe temporarily
replaced the p/n 442-698 with a MAR*
1 , but can't find a replacement For the
cSvide-by-10 p/n 443-937 that can op*
erate at 500 MHz! I would appreciate
any help you could provide. Thanks in
advance.

RS. I enjoy 73 as it is: please don't
change it {including Wayne's ram-
blings — or should I say rumb lings?)

I have a Heath HW540G that has
soma output devices: 417-971, 972-
8973 1 thai also fall into this category,
Fortunately, the HW5400 survived
Hugo totally unscathed!

PP.S. I live about 100 feet from the
ocean on the North Shore of Puerto
Rico, so we got Hugo full force I

Dan — As it turns out the Heath
Company is still in business. They are
no longer producing the catalog of
products which made the name
HQathkit legendary in ham radio cir-
cles. Yet. Heath's downsized descen-
dant continues to provide some sup-
port for hams and others who need
hep.

As fate would have it. the two fCs
you seek (Heath p/n 442-698 and p/n
443-937} are in slock and can be or-
dered direct from Heath Company,
P.O. Box 1288. Benton Harbor Ml
49023-1288; (616) 925-5899. While
Heath Company may not be able to
provide all of the technical support
they used to back in the old days, they
can sometimes refer you to other com-
panies who can. Heath's general infor-
mation number is (616} 925-6000 , . .
Chart* WA1RZW

Dave Swanson N1MJC, Dennis*

port MA Wayne, you have interesting
editorials, sometimes a little repeti-
tious, but I guess you are trying to
drive home your point of view. I read
an excerpt on "Whafs wrong with Pe-
terborough' from your Declare War

book, sent to me by a friend who
6 73 Amateur Radio Today January, 1 994

knows of you and also knows that I
subscribe to 73. \ thought it read very
well and made a lot of sense.

My last comment has to do with the
CW mode ot operation: I also think
thai with the present state of the art in
ihe communication field, the CW re-
quirement needs an overhaul since it
is but one of the many modes of ama-
teur communication, t think CW is a
fun mode and a historically significant
mode and certain portions of the spec*
(mm should still be allocated for if, but
as a requirement for the advanced op-
erating licenses it should be eliminate
ed. My personal choices of communi-
cation are limited because, for all
practical purposes, I am deaf (flu-relat-
ed nerve deafness at age 28); I cannot
communicate by voice and group club
meetings are out, unfortunately. I have
no problems with CW, and the tone-
deafness mentioned by N9YBK in the
September '93 Tetters'' column, re-
garding an individual who couldn't
learn the code, is not a correct analy-
sis of thai individual's problem. As you
would probably agree, the code tone
can be at almost any audible frequen-
cy and still be copied: it's the duration
and spacing, etc.. of tones, not the
tones themselves, that make the code
comprehensible.

Ron Gillies, Uoydminster, Alber-
ta, Canada Wayne, I am a Canadian
(mk*-30s) who is approaching my ex-
anvlicense within Ihe next few months.
I have been reading the various maga-
zines on Ihe hobby and have consis-
tently found 73 to be the most interest-
ing, provocative and useful of the
bunch.

I especially enjoy your editorials,
bul I have to admit that the September
'93 one left me a little at a loss, i have
noted that you do not have a lot of
time for the ARRL, and that in the mid-
1960s (when I was just starting grade
school) the ARRL did something that
you view as the real death of modem
amateur radio.

Without dragging you over ground
lhat you are probably very tired of* can
you give me a brief rundown? As a
Canadian under 40, I'm afraid that
some ot the implicit references just
shoot over my head,

I am also an avid computer hobby-
ist (assembled my own Heath from a
kit a number of years ago) and I won-
dered, have you ever thought of start-
ing an echo on one of the major netsT
such as Fido? Your editorial material
would be great stuff to spread1 and the
faster timeline for comments could
make tor very readable funl

I look forward to more of your writ*
ings — they're great fun and make me
think about things from different points
of viowl

Yes, Vm tired of writing the details
of the Great Catastrophe of 1964,
Someone please write and tell Ron
about it . . , Wayne

Daniel Piett 3A2LZ, Monaco

Wayne, J have been reading your
magazine for about a year now and

have enjoyed It thoroughly. The arti-
cles seem to be more rooted in reality
than most other U.S. amateur radio
magazines. Usually I agree with your
column, and when I disagree it is a
matter of perspective.

For instance, although I'm pretty
active on SSB and RTTY. I stiM oper-
ate a lot of CW. This is because t have
a lousy antenna and CW can get
through where voice wont. Also, on
the international scene some hams
can only alford a smalt, low- power.
CW-only rig and don't know enough
English to communicate with others
but can get by on CW.

I'm also an Extra Glass U.S. license
holder and find the current system of
exams and licenses Eacking. Six levels
of licenses and exams is ridiculous, ft
would make more sense to me to
have three levels of licenses. The first
would be like the current No-Code
Tech, which has proven itself to be an
excellent entry-level license, The next
would be like the current General li-
cense, with at least a 12 wpm code re-
quirement (to fit within CEPT and oth-
er reciprocal programs) and a power
limit of 100 watts. This would raise a
lot of opposition, but isn't uncommon
in other parts of the world You can still
do almost anything with 100 watts as
you can with more power, with the ex-
caption of good rnooobounce. It might
encourage learning good operating
skills, antenna construction, and un-
derstanding of propagation instead of
just buying and amplifier lo cut
through it all. Then have the current
Extra license, perhaps still at 12 wpm
code, but with the higher power and
additional frequency allotments. A
number of other countries also require
that you be licensed three to five years
before you are allowed more than 100
watts.

Whife VE testing is a marvelous
step forward, I strongly dislike having
the test questions available ahead of
time, I don't know how to prevent them
from befng made public, though.

Recently I spent about eight
months in the U.S. and attended a
number of hamfests and radio clubs
and it seemed lhat most people's ac-
tivities were limited !o the occasional
chat with a friend or on a net on HF, 2
meter FM, and packet radio, I share
your sentiments about the lack of
building, experimentation, and interest
in anything out of the ordinary, t
looked in vain everywhere (or some-
one to explain or talk to me about
APLINK, for instance, and found hard-
ly anyone who could knowledgeabJy
talk to me about AMSAT Amateur ra-
dio has a proud heritage of experi-
mentation and innovation, bul for the
most part it seems that U,S, hams al-
most always look inward, not consid-
ering the rest of the world, and use
ham radio as an expensive telephone.
Let's see some articles on home-brew
DSP, possibly putting this and olher
digital processes into practice. These
are some ideas brought about by your
column and by my personal experi-
ences in the U.S. and overseas,

Low Cost GaAsFET

PRE AMPS

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*Specify tuning range: 26-30, 46-56, 137-152,

152-172, 210-230, 400-470, 300-960 MHz.

LNW-D

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90-120, 120 150, 150*200, 200-270, 400*500 MHz.

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RECEIVING
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ACCESSORIES

* &je *

Low noise converters to receive vhf and
uhf bands an a 10M receiver.

• Kit less case $49t kit w/case & BNC
jacks $74 1 w&t in case $99.

• Input ranges avail; 50-52, 136-138,
144.146, 145-147, 146-148, 230-222,
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convert 10M ssb, cw, frtt, etc. to 2M> 220 F
222 , 432, 435 . and atv . 1 W output.
Kit oniy$89. PA's up to 45 W available.

DVR-1 DIGITAL VOICE
RECORDER Module
Primarily a voice ID'er
for repeaters May also
be used as a contest CQ caller or as a
"radio notepad" to record up to 20
seconds of received transmissions for
instant recall. As a repeater ID'er, it wilt
record your voice, using either the built-
in microphone or an external mic. It can
be used with almost any repeater COR
module. As a contest caller, you can
record a message or even several mes-
sages and play them through your
transmitter at the press of a switch. As
a radio notepad, you can keep it wired
to the audio output of a receiver ready
lo record up to 20 seconds of anything
you might want to recall later. Play it
back as many times as you like through
a small external speaker, (Call for more
information.) kit $89p w&t $139

TD-3 SUBAUDIBLE TONE DECODER/
ENCODER, Adjustable for any tone.
Designed especially for repeaters,
with remote control activate/deactivate

provisions .... kit $29, wfred & tested $69

COR-3 REPEATER CONTROLLER.
Features adjustable tail and time-out
timers, solid-state relay, courtesy beep,
and local speaker amplifier kit $49

CWiD. Diode programmed any time in
the field, adjustable tone, speed, and
timer, to go with COR-3 hit $59

COR^*. Complete COR and CWID all
on one board for easy construction.

CMOS fog ec for low power consumption.
Many new features. EPROM program-
med; specify call kit $99, w&t $159

TD-2 TOUCH-TONE DECODER/CON-
TROLLER, Full 16 digits, with toH-call
restrictoi-j programmable. Can turn 5
functions on/off. Great for selective call-
ing, too! kit $89, wired & tested $149

TD-4 SELECTIVE CALL^
ING Module Economy
touch-tone decoder with 1
latching output. Primarily designed to
mute speaker until someone ca3ls you
by sending 4-digit tt signal but may also
be used to turn on autopatch or other
device.... . kit £49, w&t $89

AP-3 AUTOPATCH. Use with above for
repeater autopatch. Reverse patch and

phone line remote control are std.
..... kit $89, wired & tested $149

AP-2 SIMPLEX AUTOPATCH Timing
Board. Use with above for simplex
operation using a transceiver kit $39

u n u

MO-202 FSK DATA MODULATOR-
Run up to 1200 baud digital signals
through any fm transmitter with full
handshakes. Radio link computers,
telemetry gear, etc .kit $49, w&t $79

DE-202 FSK DEMODULATOR. For
receive end of link. kit $49, w&t $79

9600 BAUD DIGITAL RF LINKS. Low-
cost packet networking system, consist-
ing of MO-96 Modem and special

versions of our 144, 220 or 450 MHz FM
Transmitters and Receivers. Interface
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switched PA's output 1 5 or SOW.

Buy at low, factory-direct net prices and save!
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Real-Speech Voice ID Option Available With
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REP-200 REPEATER

A microprocessor-controlled repeater with autopatch
and many versatile dtmf control features at Jess than you
might pay for a bare-bones repeater or controller alone!

We don't skimp on rf modules, either! Check the features on R144
Receiver below, for instance: GaAs FET front-end, helical resona-
tors, sharp crystal filters, hysteresis squelch.

Kit $1095; w&t only $1295!

Voice ID Option $189.

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Other models available:

REP-200V Economy Repeater, As above, except uses
COR-4 Controller without DTMF control or autopatch. Kit only $7&5.

REP-200N Repeater with no controller. For use with external controller,
such as those made by ACC, Kit only $695, w&t $995.

• Available for the 50-54, 143-174, 213-
233, 420-475, 302-928 MHz bands.

*FCC type accepted for commercial
service (hi-bandand uhf),

• Rugged exciter and PA, designed for
continuous duty.

• Power out 20W 5Q-54MHz; 15W (25W
option avail.) 143-174MHz; 15W 213-
233 MHz; 10W uhf; 10W 902-928MH2.

•Available add-on PA's up to 10OW.

• Six courtesy beep types, including
two pleasant multi-tone bursts.

• Open or closed access autopatch,
toll-call restrict, auto disconnect,

• Reverse Autopatch, two types:
auto-answer or ring tone on the air.

• Pulse (rotary) dial option available.

• DTMF CONTROL over 45 functions
can be controlled by dtmf command.
4-digit control code for each function.

• Owner can inhibit autopatch or re-
peater, enable either open or closed
access for repeater or autopatch, and
enable toll calls, reverse patch, ker-
chunk filter, site alarm, aux rcvr, and
other options.

• Cw speed and tone, beep delay, tail
timer, and courtesy beep type can be
changed at any time by owner pass-
word protected dtmf commands.

• Auxiliary receiver input for controf or
cross linking repeaters.

• Many built-in diagnostic and testing
functions using microprocessor.

• Color coded LEDs indicate status of
all major functions.

• Welded rMight partitions for exciter,
pa, receiver, and controller.

• 3V£ inch aluminum rack panel, finished
in eggshell white and black.

XMTRS & RCVRS FOR REPEATERS, AUDIO
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Also available In rf-figftt enclosures, and with data modems.

FM EXCITERS: 2W continuous
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» TA51: 50-54 h 143-174, 213-233
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• TA451: 420-475 MHz
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QRX . . .

Number 3 on your Feedback card

Ham Nobel Prize Winner Fork It Over

The winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize for
physics* Princeton University's Dr, Joseph H.
Taylor K1JT, attributes his success in science
to his early involvement in amateur radio, Tay-
lor shared the prestigious award with his for-
mer student and now Princeton colleague, Dr.
Russell A. Hulse,

Upon learning of his winning the prize, Dr
Taylor told reporters that he developed his sci-
entific skills as a ham during his years at
Moorestown Friends Academy in New Jersey.
He later earned a Bachelors degree from
Haverford College and a Doctorate in Astron-
omy from Harvard University. The Nobel Com-
mittee honored Taylor and Hulse for their
study of the gigantic gravitational forces exert-
ed by pulsars. TNX ARRL

The Car of the Future

■

Technology offers new hope for those
among us who hate to stop and ask for direc-
tions. Commerce Secretary Ron Brown joined
automotive industry leaders recently to an-
nounce an international agreement which will
accelerate the development of practical GPS
receivers for motor vehicles.

Many hams are already familiar with the
GPS (Giobal Positioning System) technology.
Originally developed by the Department of
Defense as a worldwide navigation system for
the armed forces, GPS uses satellites to pin-
point the exact locations of special receivers.

Magellan Systems, a California based man-
ufacturer of GPS receivers, will develop, build,
and export the units. Experts predict the re-
ceivers will be so small and inexpensive they
will become a standard feature in new auto-
mobiles,

Quick Ticket

Trie FCC has proposed a measure which
would grant temporary operating authority to
unlicensed persons who have passed their
examinations for new amateur radio licenses.
The temporary operating authority would be*
gin when the exam is passed and the applica-
tion filed. The maximum limit would be 120
days.

The temporary authority would not benefit
anyone whose license has been suspended,
revoked, or subjected to other FCC enforce-
ment proceedings. The commission reserves
the right to yank this operating authority at
any time without a hearing.

The Commission says the system "t , .
would be useful to the amateur community,
yet practical to implement." The proposal,
designated PR, Docket 93-267, was based on
a Petition for Rulemaking from the Western
Carolina Amateur Society, TNX Westlink Re-
port, No. 661 1 November 12t 1993.

8 73 Amateur Radio Today * January, 1 994

If you think your last traffic ticket was
painful wart until you see what your friends
at the FCC have cooked up for you. The
commission's new fine schedule includes a
$625 penalty for any "assorted minor viola-
tions/ and a $1f250 fine for failure to Identify
your station. Unauthorized use of equipment
will cost you SS.000.

Running excessive power, failing to re-
spond to an FCC communication, or operat-
ing on an unauthorized frequency will set
you back $10,000 under the new fine sched-
ule, Transmitting indecent material or words
will cost you $12,500, causing malicious in-
terference to another ham is set at S1 7,500,
and failing to permit an FCC station inspec-
tion carries an S1 8.500 price tag,

If you really want to help reduce the na-
tional debt, just get caught sending out a
false SOS. Illegal misuse of distress commu-
nications like that will cost you $20,000 for
each transmission* The FCC has the author-
ity to adjust these fines, but these base
amounts are recommended for first-time of-
fenders. TNX Newsline & Westlink Report,
No. 661, November 12t 1993.

Radio Sleuth Lauded

The FCC recently presented a bronze
plaque of appreciation to Melvin L Woods
KN4ZT, of Annandale. Virginia, for his "out-
standing assistance" in solving a false dis-
tress signal case. The 1992 case involved a
false SOS on 14,313 MHz. The commission
says Woods not only provided important in-
formation at the time, he also cooperated
with the subsequent FCC investigation.

The 58-year-ofd Amateur Extra Class op-
erator served in the US Navy from 1952 to
1976 as a senior chief radioman and chief
electronics technician. Woods started in ham
radio in 1953 as a Novice. He was also
awarded the US Coast Guard Public Service
Award from Rear Admiral William J. Ecker
during trie October ceremony. 77VX Westlink
Report, No, 661 , November 12, 1993.

Malfunction Grounds
Earthwinds

A November launch attempt for the Earth-
winds around-the-world balloon flight was
aborted after a system malfunction damaged
the crew capsule, Crewmembers Larry New-
man KB7JGM, Richard Abruzzo, and
Vladimir Dzhanibekov RV3DD were not on
board at the time and no one was injured
during the mishap.

Project leaders suspect a cable support
anchoring the capsule to the ground gave
way, causing the capsule to rise prematurely
and then fall. The damage is being as-

sessed. The ham-radio-equipped historic
balloon flight has been set back a minimum
of six to eight weeks. TNX W5Yt Report, Is-
sue #22, November 15, 1993,

Let s Talk Ham Radio

A Phoenix-based radio talk show called
"Ham Radio & More" has gone national after
2*1/2 years of success on station KFNN.
The show began broadcasting nationally
over more than 80 Talk America Network af-
filiate stations in late November. The weekly
program is hosted by Len Winkler KB7LPW,
and features special guests, give-aways, lis-
tener call-ins, and DX news.

"Ham Radio & More" can be picked up in
any market by a local talk station. You can
suggest your favorite station carry the pro-
gram by having them contact the Talk Ameri-
ca Network at (508) 460-0588. The show
can also be picked up on Satcom C-5,
Transponder 19, 6,0 audio and Galaxy 2,
Transponder 3, Channel 55.4. The show is
designed to increase the public's awareness
of ham radio and thus help the hobby to
grow, It includes discussions of all aspects of
hamming, and is not limited to technical top^
ics. Listen for it on Sundays at 6 p.m. EST.

Be Prepared

Members of the Amateur Radio Emergen-
cy Services group of Mercer County in rural
Kentucky had a very authentic training exer-
cise one recent Saturday- Ham operators
and other volunteers were staging their re-
sponse to a mock plane crash when a very
real crash occured on nearby Highway
127 — an automobile and a large truck had
collided.

Using 2 meter gear and a repeater phone
patch, Robert James KC4ZOX summoned
local authorities and the accident was han-
dled without delay. Desprte bad weather and
that highway collision, the simulated hunt for
the "downed aircraft" was a success. Orga-
nizers called the day's work excellent train-
ing for the unexpected. TNX Dan Cordray
KD4PWR

TNX.

* * *

to alJ our contributors? You can

reach us by phone at (603) 924-0058, or by
mail at 73 Magazine, Route 202 North, Pe-
terborough NH 03458. Or get in touch with
us on CompuServe ppn 70310,775; MCI
Mail "WGEPUB"; or the 73 BBS at (603)
924-9343 (300-2400 baud, 8 data bits, no
parity, one stop bit.) News items that don't
make it into 73 are often put in our other
monthly publication, Radio Fun. You can
also send news items by FAX at (603) 924-
9327.

Why Wait For The Weather?

Hate to wait for the weather? AEA FAX II is the answer.

This IBM-compaiihIc software receives HF SSB transmis-
sions and displays satellite maps and WEFAX images in 16
levels of gray, giving you highly detailed pictures like the one
you see here.

In addition to gray- scale images, you'll be able to receive
and decode Morse Code. RTTY, and N AVTEX transmissions.
And tuning the signal is easy — AEA FAX II has an on-screen
tuning indicator lo help you keep the signals coming in clearly.

Features. like the ability to export your fax
pictures to PCX and GIF files and a logging
function to keep track of your favorite stations.

make AEA FAX II easy to use right out of the box! Simply plug
in the demodulator (shown here), install the software, and
you're ready to receive highly detailed images.

Don't wait another minute. Call
AEA's Literature Request line
at (800) 432-8873 for more
information, or contact your
favorite ham radio equipment
dealer. If even another minute

is too long to wait.

call us direct at

(206) 774-5554,

Require* PC-compatible XT. AT* or
better and a general coverage WY
SSB receiver. VGA monitor re-
quired for gray-scaJc (n\ display.

«■

Number 4 on your Feedback card

Using the World's

Most Accurate

Frequency Standard, Part 1

Building a receiver for WWVB.

byBobRoehrigK9EUI

How accurate is your frequency counter?
Chances are it is not as good as you
think it is, Even if your counter has a high
stability time base of 0.1 or 0.2 ppm, it must
still be checked against a known standard
from lime to rime. I have seen many coun-
ters thai arc off by as much as 10 ppm,
which means the measurement of a 2 meter
rig would be off by more than 1 kHz. If you
experiment with microwaves, it is essential
that you have an accurate frequency counter.

The standard rule of thumb is that your
measuring instrument should be at least 10
times more accurate than the device you are
trying to measure. Sec the sidebar: "Com-
ments on Frequency Counters" on page 17.

The most accurate frequency source in
this country is obtained from the National
Institute of Standards and Technology
(N1ST), formerly called the National Bureau
of Standards (NBS), in Colorado. This is the
organization that operates WWV All the

WWV frequencies arc obtained from a ce-
sium standard, which is the most accurate
frequency source in the world. WWV is OK
for setting clocks and zeroing a receiver's
crystal calibrator, but it is not the ideal
source for checking a frequency counter

The best standard frequency you can get
is from the LF transmissions of WWVB on
60 kHz. Because of the low frequency used,
the fading and multipath problems are mini-
mized and an almost constant signal is avail-
able. With the equipment described in this
article you can easily check your local stan-
dard or countertimc base to within 0.0001
parts per million, which is not possible using
the HF WWV signals.

The WWVB Signal

The WWVB transmission on 60 kHz has
no audio modulation. The carrier power is
reduced 10 dB at the beginning of each sec-
ond and held low for 0.2 to 0.8 seconds be-

fore returning to full power. This pulse width
modulation is a serial binary ttme-of-day
code used to synchronize clocks. The second
form of modulation is a 45-dcgrec advance
in phase shift at 10 minutes past the hour,
which is returned to normal five minutes lat-
er. This phase shift will have little effect on
our use of the signal but you will see it when
doing phase comparisons, The WWVB sig-
nal strength is sufficient to be received
throughout most of the continental U.S.

System Block Diagram

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the
WWVB receiver/comparator. The receiver is
basically a sensitive RF amplifier that ampli-
fies the 60 kHz carrier up to a 5 volt level
signal. The carrier frequency is then com-

PhotoA. Completed WWVB receiver modules with indoor rod antenna.
10 73 Amateur Radio Today ■ January, 1 994

Photo B, Outdoor version of rod antenna and
p teat t ip it t \ \ 'ate rp roof h o ns ing ,

Compact SpecJcer/Mics

Here's a Compact SpeakerfMk that fits
comfortably in your hand and has a full
size speaker for crystal clear audio.

No need to remove your handheld from
your belt to talk or monitor calls. Clip it near
your ears so you can easily hear every call
with the volume turned down.

First-rate electret mic element and full
size speaker gives superb audio on transmit
and recieve. Earphone jack, FIT, light- '
weight retractable cord. Gray. 1 V-*x2x3 in*

MFJ-284 fits Icom and Yaesu.
MFJ-286 fits Kenwood.

MFJ-2S4 or
MFJ-286

MFJ-283, MFJ 2S5(
-285L, MFJ-285W.
MH-287 or MFJ-287L

*24<

Mini Speaker/ Mies

These tiny MFJ Speaker/Mies are so

small and so lightweight you 'U forget

they *re there - until you get a call
Excellent audio from electret mic
element and speaker. Has swiveling lapel
/pocket clip, PTT button with transmit
LED, earphone jack, lightweight
retractable cord. Available with L or
regular connector Tiny 2x 1 ^x'A in.

Order MFJ-285/MFJ-285L for ICOM,
Yaesu, Alinco; MFJ-287/MFJ- 287L for
Kenwood; MFJ-283 for split L Connector also

plug Alinco; MFJ-285W for 1C-W2A. amiable - order L model

MFJ Artificial RF Ground

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Electrically places a far away RF
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>ut reactance of connecting wire.

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CIRCLE 86 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Antenna

Scope

Preamp

WWVB
Receiver

...-

^'^-

V H

Local
Standard

o o

Cornparitor

Figure I. Block diagram of the WWVB receiver/comparator.

pared to your local standard, which may be a
separate highly accurate oscillator or a stable
oscillator that exists within a piece of equip-
ment such as a frequency counter. The com-
parator can be either a scope, which is used
to observe the Lissajous patterns showing
the drift of the local standard, or a digital
comparator, which shows Ihe drift rate on a
meter or chart recorder. The second part of
this article will show the details of a digital
comparator.

The Antenna System

This is an active antenna using cascaded
followers for a high input impedance and a
low output impedance. The unit should be at
least 25 feet away from the receiver and is
connected to the main unit with coaxial ca-
ble. Any common coax can be used since
impedance matching is not a critical issue
here. Power is supplied from 12 volts via a
scries 330 ohm resistor in the receiver and
the signal is superimposed on this same con-
ductor. The board should be mounted in a
waterproof housing if it is to be mounted
outdoors. (See Photos A and B.)

Two types of antenna can be used, a wire
or a ferrile rod. The same preamp is used for
either type antenna with just a few compo-
nent changes, The antenna/preamp circuit is
shown in Figure 2.

For the wire version, a 3- to 50-foot an-
tenna is connected to J2; the length depends
on the signal strength at your location. R3 is
a fixed Ik resistor and C1T C4, LK and L2
are not used. To adjust, connect the circuit as
shown in Figure 3A and adjust L3 for maxi-
mum signal at GO) kHz,

A wire antenna can gather a lot of signal
but may also pick up a lot of noise. Also, a
longwire antenna may pick up enough HF
energy from a nearby ham transmitter to
damage the preamp. Therefore, I recom-
mend pulling in ihe extra effort to build the
rod antenna.

For the preamp circuit with the rod anten-
na, install CI, C4 and a Ik pot for R3, C2
should be an 820 pF capacitor, C5T L3, and
J2 are not used. LI consists of a 1/2-inch by
7-1/2-inch-lons ferrite rod from Amidon As-
sociates (2216 East Gladwick St.,

Dominguez Hills
CA 90220; 310/763-
5770), Part No. R33-
050-750. You will
also need about 50
feet of #28 gauge
enameled wire, also
available from Ami-
don.

Starting about two
inches from one end,
close-wind about 4-
1/2 inches of wire
around the rod. Se-
cure the ends of the
windings with tape.
After LI is wound,
wind a layer of elec-
trical tape around
the center portion
and wind 20 turns of wire over this area for
L2+ Be sure to leave about two feet of wire
off the ends of the windings to make con-
nections to the preamp.

The rod antenna is adjusted by first pow-
ering up the board as shown in Figure 3 A
and checking for regeneration. Rotate R3
throughout its range. If it does not oscillate,

swap the two tickler lead connections on the
board. Once oscillation is obtained, reduce
the setting of R3 by about 1/16 of a turn, be-
low the point of oscillation. Then connect
the generator to points A and B and tune to
resonance by adjusting the number of turns
of LI and choosing the correct value of C2,
making it resonate at 60 kHz with CI at
mid-capacity.

After tuning, cover the entire winding
with electrical tape. Final tuning should be
done with CI after the rod is installed in its
PVC housing and its attachment to the
preamp enclosure. In my case, the antenna is
mounted outdoors (see Photo B) so I mount-
ed the preamp in a 2-inch PVC tube and Ihe
antenna housing uses 3/4-inch pipe, end
caps and a LT."

If you have some ferrite rods around* try
them. I successfully used an 8-inch rod that
was used as an AM antenna on an old stereo
receiver. On this rod I wound 6 inches of
wire (0.33" in diameter), which tuned to 60
kHz with two of the 820 pF caps in parallel.

The WWVB Receiver

To maintain the accuracy of the transmit-
ted frequency, the receiver cannot modify

Figure 2. The antenna/preamp circuit.

Parts List,

Figure 2

(All fixed resistors 1/4 watt)

1 Meg

470 ohms

R3*

R3"

1k pot

Digi-Key #36C13

L1,2**

See text

L3*

800 jaH

Digi-Key #TK1 725

C1 "

10-180 pF trimmer

Digi-Key #SG30 14

C2*

0 0082 tiF

Digi-Key #P3822

C2"

620 pF (see text)

Digi-Key #P3821

0,01 fiF

Digi-Key #P45 13

C4**

0,01 }xf

Digi-Key #p4 51 3

C5*

10 pF

Digi-Key #4637

MPF102

Digi-Key #MPF1Q2

2N2907

Digi-Key #2 N2907

Output connector: BNC

, Phono, or coaxial UHF

J2*

Antenna connector: Pin

or ban anna jack

The enclosure for indoor use la 4" x 2-1/8" x 1-5/8" min

ibox:

Radio Shack #270-239 or Digikey #L114ND.

" Use these parts for the wire

3 antenna version only.

** Use these parts for the ferrite rod antenna version only.

12 73 Amateur Radio Today * January, 1 994

April 29, 30 & May 1, 1994

General Chairman, Dave Grubb, KC8CF

Asst General Chairman, Ken Allen, KB8KE

# Giant 3 day Flea Market

# Exhibits

# Activities for the

-Ham

Information

General Information: (513) 276-6930
or, write to

Hamvention, Box 964, Dayton, OH 45401-0964
Lodging Information: (513] 1223-2612
(No Reservations by Phone)
Flea Market Information: (513) 276-6932

Lodging

Please write to Lodging, Dayton Hamvention, Chamber

Plaza, 5th & Main Streets,

Dayton, OH 45402-2400 or refer to our 1993 Hamvention

program for a listing of hotel/motels in the Dayton area.

Special Awards

Nominations are requested for Amateur of the Year, Special

Achievement and Technical Exceltence awards. Refer to the

Hamvention Program for nomination form or contact

Hamvention Awards Chairman, Box 964

Dayton, OH 45401-0964.

1994 Deadlines

Award Nominations: March 1
Advance Registration and Banquet
USA - April 8 Canada - April 1
Flea Market Space: February 1

Flea Market

Flea Market Tickets (valid all 3 days) will be sold IN
ADVANCE ONLY. No spaces sold at gate. A maximum of 3
spaces per person (non-transferable). Electricity is available
in a portion of the last Flea Market row for $40 additional per
space. Rental tables and chairs are not available in the Flea
Market, Vendors MUST order an admission ticket when
ordering Flea Market spaces. Please send a separate check
for Flea Market space(s) and admission ticket(s). Spaces will
be allocated by the Hamvention committee from alf orders
received by February 1 . Please use 1st class mail only.

Notification of Flea Market space assignment will be mailed by
March 15, 1 994. Checks will not be deposited until after the
selection process is complete.

License Exams

Novice thru Extra exams scheduled Saturday and Sunday
only. Send FCC form 61 0 (Aug 1 985 or later ) - with requested
elements shown at top of form, copy of present license and
check for prevailing rates (payable to ARRL/VEC) to Exam
Registration, 708 Mapleside Dr. Trotwood, OH 45426

Free bus service

Free bus service will be provided between Hamvention and
our satellite parking areas, In addition, some motels may offer
transportation to Hamvention.

HAMVENTION Is sponsored by the Dayton Amateur Radio Association Inc

Advance Registration

Enclose check or money order for amount indicated in

U.S. dollars and type or print your name and address clearly,

Make checks payable to:

Dayton HAMVENTION Mail to *

Dayton Hamvention Box 1446, Dayton, OH 45401-1446

Flea Market tickets Please enclose two checks

~J Send admission tickets only if flea market space(s) assigned.

J Send admission tickets regardless of flea market space assignment.

Name

Call

Address

City

State

Zip+4

Daytime Phone # ( )

Evening Phone # ( )

Admission
(valid all 3 days)
Grand Banquet
Alt. Act. Luncheon
(Saturday)
(Sunday)

Flea Market $

(Max, 3 spaces)

Electricity
Covered tent

add

How Many

.•$11.00* $_

@ $22.00" $_

_@ saoo $_

.$30/1 space
$60/2 adjacent

.$150/3 adjacent S_

.$40.00/space $_

.$215.00 ea. $_

Total $

* $14.00 at door
**$24.00 at door, if available
$ Admission ticket must be
oniered with flea market tickets

1 AALf

330

_7WW_ +12V

,VWI\ 1

A D

AAAA

80 kHz

Signal

Generator

■* 1

Counter

[q 1

LI W

Prearnp
Board

o «
Scope

0 ACVM

-o o—
B E

(a)

100K

AAAA

<1K

Receiver

60 kHz

Signal

Generator

Counter
?

<b)

Figure 3, A) Preamp tuning setup; B) Receiver tuning setup.

the frequency in any way, so we must use a
TRF system rather than a supcrhct. Because
the entire receiver operates on a single fre-
quency, it must be well-shielded and is
therefore built in two separate minibox mod-
ules to prevent self-oscillation. RF connec-
tions between modules are via coaxial con-
nectors and cables and other connections are

provided by barrier-strip screw connections.
The receiver design is the result of many
months of trying many different circuits and
the discreet component version shown here
proved to be the most stable and reliable of
many that were tried.

The two receiver boards are mounted in
the miniboxes using 3/4-inch spacers and 4-

40 hardware. The jacks and barrier strips are
mounted on the ends and tops of the boxes.
The covers may then be mounted to a rack
panel or lo a cabinet base, as desired, In my
final unit, I also included a multi -position
switch so 1 can monitor other functions with
the 50 p A meter

Figure 4 shows the RF amplifier portion

Ant.

>h^

100

10" ±01

ton

T— I M

M*0 r- ^—*r

+12V

100

GNO

Out

^-®

AGC

C2B
.1

Figure 4. RF amplifier portion of the receiver

Parts List, Figure 4

(All fixed resistors 1/4 watt)

R2&19

R3,1 0,20,21, 26

R4.11

R5J3,14,23

RG.12

R7k24

RSJ8.25

R16J7

R15

330 ohms

220k

15k

22k

10k

470 ohms

4.7k

47 OhlTtS
47k

10k pot

Digi-Key #36014

R22

01,5.6,11,13

04,10,16.28

C3,9T15

02,8,10

07.12,27

L1.2T3

Q1^6

D1.2

J1,2

500 ohm pot

0.01 nF

0,1 [if

Q.00S2pF

lO^P

100 pF

800 uH

2N2222 Or equtv

1N34A

Digi Key #36052
Digi-Key #P4513
Digi-Key #P4525
Digi-Key #P3822
Digi-Key #P807
Digi-Key #P833
Digi-Key #TK1 725

Radio Shack #276-1123

BNC. phono or UHF coaxial connectors

Enclosure: Digi-Key #L116ND or Radio Shack #270-238

1 4 73 Amateur Radio Today * January, 1 994

A NEW CONCEPT

IN HF TRANSCEIVER DESIGN
FROM A NEW COM PAN

PC1610 TRANSCEIVER

*s |i «

patriot

Patent
Pending

Patriot Communications
Technology introduces the PC-1 610™a full fea-
tured HF transceiver with built-in keyboard inter-
face. Rug a standard IBM XT* compatible keyboard
into a PC- 161 0 and instantly enjoy keyboard CWt
RTTY (BAUDOT and ASCII) data communications.
Incoming morse & RTTY data is decoded and dis-
played on the built-in LCD display. The PC-1 610
offers the following features:

■ Built-in XT keyboard interface (keyboard
optional)

■ 16G-10M ham band coverage

■ USB/LSB/CW/FSK modes

■ 75W output power

■ Built in digital power/SWR meter

■ DOS VFO with 1Hz step size

■ Selectable variable speed/fixed 1 0Hz step
VFO tuning

■ Built-in 24hr clock

■ 90 tunable memories

■ 1 scratchpad memory

■ 9 (256 character} keyboard data buffers

■ Built-in 5-75 wpm IAMBIC keyer

■ Built-in 2,4KHz, 1 ,8KHz, 500Hz. 200 Hz &
RTTY fitters

■ Notch fitter

■ Select 1 of 3 antennas from front panel

Specifications are subject to change without notice.
* IBM XT is a registered trademark of the IBM Corporation,

Basic display lets you know
exactly where you are

H.Q3SIO-T
M.03510-R

0330

nooo

Standard Display
shows RX/TX VFO
freq's, time and
current memory

Send & Receive in:

CW / RTTY(BAUDOT} / ASCII

TnXFERQ50r13

Incoming data

j Outgoing data

appears here

Store up to nine 256
character messages.

H. 035IO-

CRftNED

330

nsG ■

Messages can be:
edited, sent &
appended to out-
going message

_ Format & Edit
stored MSG's here

PC-1610 =

HFXCVR

The PC-1610 Performs the
functions of an HF Trans-
ceiver, Computer, Data
Controller and Control
Software all in one package.

DATA CNTLR

The PC-1610 has too many features to adequately describe in one ad.
call or write for a detailed brochure— Major Credit Cards Accepted.

patriot

Designed and manufactured in the U.S.A.
Phone: (516) 862-6512 ■ Fax: (516) 862-6529
7 Flowerfield M100, St. James NY 11 780

CIRCLE 321 ON HEADER SERVICE CARD

of the receiver. Ii consists of three siages of
tuned amplifiers with cmiuer followers The
followers and low collector current in the
tuned stages help preserve the high Q of the
coils to maintain selectivity. AGC is applied
lo two stages. As the signal strength increas-
es* the AGC detector provides a higher DC
voltage. This voltage is applied to diodes Dl
and D2. The higher the current thai passes
through these diodes, the more the signal
voltage is shunted lo ground. During normal
operation the output of this section of the re-
ceiver is about a 1 volt P-P sine wave.

Figure 5 shows the remaining amplifier
stages and the AGC detector. The normal
signal level at TPl is about 5 volts P-R The
carrier is rectified by D2 and D3, Q6 is a
follower to isolate the slow AGC lime con-
stant circuit from the detector, C7 is charged
to several volts through R23- The discharge
time constant is via D5, R24, and R25. The
AGC voltage developed across C7 is
dropped to less than a volt by D5. The high-
er AGC voliage is reduced in this way,
rather than with a voliage divider, to main-
tain a greater dynamic range. The slow-re-
sponding circuit sels the AGC level relative
to ihe average sienal level, rather than a I-
lowing it to follow the 10 dB carrier reduc-
tion that occurs each second. The slow AGC
voltage is available at board point J while
the fast AGC voltage is at point H, These
two voltaees can be used to drive a detector

to decode the lime-of-day pulse information.
This decoded information can be used to op-
erate a self- setting digital clock* If you are
interested in such a clock project, drop me a
card and let me know-.

Stages Q3 through Q5 amplify the main
received signal and provide a 5 voli TTL
compatible output, This signal is used to
drive the 60 kHz input of the comparator
unit or to connect to the scope.

Receiver Adjustments

On the RF amplifier board, set R15 and
R22 to mid-range. Connect the test equip-
ment to the RF amplifier module alone using
the scheme shown in Figure 3B. Using the
scope or an AC voltmeter, set the generator
to 60 kHz at a level of 150 mV RMS. This is
equivalent to a 30 microvolt signal at the ac-
tual receiver input. Observe the output sig-
nal at J2 with the scope. Carefully adjust the
three coils for maximum signal using a non-
metallic tool The level should end up being
about 1 volt P-P.

After alignment is complete, place the
cover on the box of the module, then con-
nect the cables between the two receiver
units: RF amplifier J2 connects to amplifier
unit J I, and F* of both units are connected
together. Temporarily ground the AGC line
"F." With the 150 mV signal applied as be-
fore, there should be a 6 volt P-P sine wave
at TPL The signal may be slightly clipped at

the top and bottom of ihe waveform. J 2

should have a 5 volt square wave, TP2
should read about 6 VDC and TP3 should be
about 3.3 VDC.

Remove the shon from "F" The signal at
TPl should drop to around 4 volts P-P and
TP3 should read around L8 volts. If all is
well, changing the generator output from
150 mV up to LS volts (a change of 20 dB)
should show no more than about a 6 dB
change al TPL With the 50 tiA S- meter con-
nected, it should read around mid-scale with
the 150 mV input and around 45 uA with the
L5 volt input.

The receiver will operate with an actual
input level of only 3 microvolts with RI5
and R22 at maximum level (counterclock-
wise rotation 1 With nothing connected to
the receiver input, there will be a 5 volt
square wave at output J2. This will be close
to 60 kHz and is not an oscillation but just
the amplification of internal noise, Any use-
ful signal will override ihis so it is noi of
concern,

Finally, disconnect the generator and turn
it off or change its frequency so the receiver
won't pick it up. Connect the cable from the
antenna unit and observe the TPl signal. You
should see the 60 kHz signal, around 6 volts
P-P or so, dropping in level every second.
The signal should be a fairly clean sine
wave.

The final gain adjustment is made while

*12Y

Figure 5. The remaining amplifier stages ami the AGC detector

Parts List, Figure 5

R1.7.11
R2,8,12

R3A9,iai6*24,27

R5.6J0.14

R1 5.1 9,25,26
R17

R21,22
R23
R20
C1*4

(Ail fixed resistors 1/4 wait)
120k
15k
47k

560 ohms
100k
3.3k
47 Ohms

10k
Ik pot
0.01 jiF

Digi-Key#3SCt3
DigkKey#P45l3

C5,7r10

C6,9

01-6
J 1-3

100 \iF

0.1 uF

10 uF

1N9l4orlN4148

3.9Vzener, 1IM4730Aor 1N5228B

2N2222 or equrv.

BNC. phono, or UHF coaxial connectors

50 uA meter

D*gi-Key #P833
Digi-Key #P4525
Digi-Key #P807

'Various models available from Fair Radio Co,, 1016 E. Eureka, Box 1105,

Lima OH 45902; (419) 227-6573

Enclosure; Digl-Key #L116ND or Radio Shack 270-238

1 6 73 Amateur Radio Today * January, 1 994

observing Lhe signal ai its sinongest period,
ustuilly around noon locaJ lime, or four or
five hours after sunset. Adjust RI5 and R22
on the RF amplifier board for maximum sig-
nal at TP1, without clipping. The AGC will
then compensate for lower signal levels at
other times of day. Maximum signal should
peak no higher than 45 u A on the S-meter.

During use, if' the meter shows erratic
fluctuations other than the normal 1 pps time
code drops, it indicates atmospheric distur-
bances that may affect the signals useful-
ness. If the meter does not show the 10 dB
drops each second* it may be thai the noise
level is high or you are getting interference.
If the meter is steady, the unit may be oscil-
lating because the antenna is too close to the
receiver.

Phase Comparisons

The simple form of phase comparison be-
tween WWVB and your local standard is
done with the setup shown in Figure 1, using
a scope. The receiver output is fed to the
vertical scope input and the local standard is
fed to the horizontal input. The 60 kHz sig-
nal and your local standard arc compared by
observing the rotation of the Lissajous
pattern. Alternatively, connect the local sig-
nal to ihc external sync input to synchronize
the scope's horizontal oscillator. The com-
parison will then be a slow drill of the wave-
form across the screen. In any case, your
local standard must be an inteeer value or 60
kHz.

If your frequency counter time base is
your local standard, you can probably find a
point in the countertime base divider chain
that provides 10 kHz. This would be a good
choice of signal to compare to the 60 kHz.
At 10 kHz, to achieve an accuracy of 1 part
in lt)M, it wilt take over two hours of com-
parison time.

Whatever the accuracy you are trying to

achieve, it lakes 100 limes as long to ob-
serve a 10 kHz signal drift as it does I MHz.
For that reason, the serious user of this
equipment should consider building a simple
digital phase comparator. This will be dis-
cussed in the second part of this three- pan
series.

Using the Receiver for Other Frequencies

WWVB is usable h\ most of North Amer-
ica, In other parts of the world there are oth-
er LF standard frequency transmissions that
may be of use. I cannot vouch for the accu-
racy of the following list but I have seen
these stations mentioned in various publica-
tions from time to lime. There may also be
others that I have not heard of. The station
must emit a CW carrier and not have FSK
keying as many military stations do,

Freq,, kHz
60

77.5

The receiver can be tuned for these other
frequencies by selecting different values for
C3« C9, and CI5 as follows:

Location

Call

U.K.

MSF

Germany

DCF77

Switzerland

HBG

Japan

JJF

Czechoslovakia

OMA

Irkutsk, Russia

RTZ

40 kHz

0.018 >iF

50 kHz

0.012 jlF

75 kHz

5300 PF

77.5 kHz

5000 pF

C2 on the antenna preamp board must
also be changed as necessary.

I encourage any correspondence regarding
this project <314 S. Harrison St., Batavia 1L
60510): however, if you expect a response,
please include an SASE. A full set of boards
for this project can be obtained for $1 1 plus
$1.50 S & H from FAR Circuits, 18N640
Field Court. Dundee IL 601 1 8,

Comments on Frequency Counters

If you are planning to purchase a fre-
quency counter, consider the following:

1. The counter specs should state the ac-
curacy and frequency of the lime base* Ac-
curacy should be expressed in terms of drift
with temperature change. The time base
should be one using a "standard" frequen-
cy, such as 1,3, 5, or 10 MHz. Avoid coun-
ters which have a nonstandard lime base,
SUCh as 3.579545 MHz. Nonstandard fre-
quencies generally mean cheap crystals.
Also, they cannot easily be compared to a
known standard.

2. A good counter should have an output
connector which allows you to easily check
the internal oscillator,

3. The better counters have an external
time base input that allows you to use a
more accurate oscillator than the internal
one.

4* Unless you can use an external time

base, you should consider buying the

counter with the high stability time base
option, if available, but again, make sure it
has an output connector so you can check
it.

I have counters made by Hewlett-
Packard, Fluke, Anodes, and others, All of
these either met the above requirements or
were easily modified to do so+ Even my
synthesized signal generator has an exter-
nal time base input, so all my units arc run
from my "house" standard.

5. There arc other counters available
than those advertised in the amateur publi-
cations, such as those I mentioned above. If
you frequent hamfests. keep an eye out for
older commercial -grade counters. Some-
times excellent units can be purchased in*
expensively. The owner may just want to
get rid of it because it is not as small as
more modern counters.

Feedback

In our continuing effort to present the bed in ama-
teur radio features and columns, we recognize the
need to go directly to the source— you, the reader. Arti-
cles and columns are assigned feedback numbers,
which appear on each article/column and are also list-
ed here. These numbers correspond lo those on the
feedback card opposide this page On the card, please
check the box which honestly represents your opinion
of each article or column.

Do we really read the feedback cards? You bet!
The results are tabulated each month, and Ihe editors
take a good, hard look at what you do and dont like.
To show our appreciation, we draw one feedback card
each month and award the lucky winner a free one-
year subscription (or extension) 10 73,

To save on postage, why not till out the Product Re-
port card and the Feedback card and put Ihem in an
envelope? Toss in a damning or praising tetter to the
editor while you're at ft. Aft for Ihe low, low price of 29
cents!

1 Never Say Die

2 Letters

3 QRX

4 Using the World's Most Accurate
Frequency Standard, Part 1

5 Micro IDer

6 The Quad Charger

7 Dealer Directory

8 Review: EASY-PC Printed Circuit
Layout Software

9 Review: 'The Radio Doctor"

10 Hamsats

11 RTTYLoop

12 Updates

13 Ca it's Corner

14 1993 Annual tndex

15 Homing In

16 Hams with Class

17 QRP

13 Packet & Computers

19 ATV

20 Above and Beyond

2 1 Ask Kaboom

22 73 International

23 Special Events

24 New Products

25 Barter 'n1 Buy

26 Random Output

27 Propagation

28 The "Hula Loop"

29 Ham Help

uii ir*c 1o° page

iUvJC catalog

> Communications Receivers
Portable Receivers
Scanners

» Amateur HF Transceivers
VHF-UHF Transceivers
HT's and Mobiles

> Amateur and SWL Antennas
Accessories and Parts
RTTY and FAX Equipment

> Books and Manuals

This catalog includes prices!
Send

SI to

Universal Radio

6830 Americana Pkwy. 73
Reynoldsburg, OH 43068

TeL 614 866^4267

73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1 994 17

Micro IDer

Number 5 on your Feedback card

An easy-tQ'huild automatic Morse code station identifier

by Steve Look KA9SZW and David Pointer

More and more hams these days are at-
taching miniature radio transmitters to
weather balloons, kites, and rockets. This
underscores the need for a very small Morse
code identifier necessary for legal operation.
A very smaJI identifier would also be useful
for compact and portable foxhunt transmit-
ters and beacons.

The typical Morse code identifier uses an
EPRON4 and several other logic chips. This
configuration is fine for applications where
size, weight, and power consumption arc noi
considerations. The Micro IDer presented
here consists of a maximum of 12 compo-
nents mounted on a single-sided printed cir-
cuit buard measuring only 1-5/8" x 5/8". The
complete unit weighs less than 1/2 gram.
Power requirements are 1-2 mA at 3 to 6
volts. One Duracelt DL2032 3V lithium cell
will power the IDer for hours. Total cost
should not exceed $20.

Theory of Operation

The Micro IDer is based on the Xilinx
1736A serial PROM (U2). This eight-pin 1C
will store 36.288 bits of data When a clock
signal from the 555 timer (Ul) is applied lo
pin 2, each bit in the memory appears at pin
I in sequence. This pin is connected to the
base of transistor Q2 to drive the keying cir-
cuit of a transmitter. Q3 and R3 may be

needed on the keying circuit to invert the
output if you find the code being sent is in-
verted. Adding the transistor is cheaper than
programming a new PROM.

QK R4, and R5 form an inverter between
pin 6 and pin 3,

When the last bit of the memory has been
clocked out, the PROM generates a logic
high at pin 6, The inverter applies a momen-
tary logic low io pin 3. This resets the
PROM and the entire memory is read out

again.

The timing is provided by a CMOS 555
timer in an astable multivibrator configura-
tion. The value of resistor RA sets the clock
speed and is determined by the software that
generates the actual ID bit pattern, A stan-
dard 555 timer may be used instead of the
more expensive CMOS part, but the power
consumption goes up by a factor of at least
10, greatly affecting the battery life.

Construction

Mount the two ICs firsL We recommend
only a high quality machine socket for U2 to
allow PROM changes. A spring contact
socket may cause reliability problems.
Mount RA, RK R2, and R4 on the bottom of
the board next. This is done to save space.
All the other components can now be
mounted io the top of the board.

mkid — A Morse Code Compiler

With this large memory space in the serial
PROM available, two programs were written
to simplify message generation.

You must first create a file with any text
editor (or a word processor in ASCII mode)
that contains the text of the Morse code you
want io be sent. Be careful about your
spelling as the 1736A is a one-time pro-
grammable part. All characters are support-
ed* but not the prosigns. Two other charac-
ters are included to add a solid tone and
silent pause function, A pound sign in your
text file represents a solid one-second tone.
Place as many of these in a row as you want
the tone duration to be, An exclamation
point In your text file represents a one-sec-
ond silence. Place as many in a row as you
want the silent period to be.

Text may be entered in upper or lower
case as the software converts everything to
upper case at compile time. Use a carriage
return wherever you wish: they are ignored.
When your message looks the way you want
it to, save it io disk and exit your text editor

A very simple example text file may look
like:

ka9szw balloon #####

This would generate my (Steve's) call,
space, "balloon," space, and then a five-sec-
ond solid tone. Long periods of a solid tone

Figure I. Schematic of the Micro IDer. Q3
and R3 are only used if keying must be in-
verted.

4|[aigjgj

| (CtV +

J&UJLR1I5V

♦itCBO IB'FR J

Photo A. Here is the completed Programmer (top) and the IDer.
IB 73 Amateur Radio Today January, 1 994

Figure 2. Parts placement outline and circuit
hoard pattern.

KITTY SAYS: WE ARE OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEI
Saturday 10-5pm/Sunday 11-4 pm
Monday-Friday 9 to 6:00 PM
Come to Barry's for the best buys in town

For the best buys in town call:

212-925-7000

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Export orders expedited.

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Telephone Autopatch

Patches telephone calls from your
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Simpte to use. Write or fax for
inquires,

Sirnpfejt, semi-riuptex, full duplex,
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Products. Shure. Standard. TUBES. Uniden. Yaesu, Vibroitex, DuplexersT
Repeaters. Scanners. Radio Publications

WE NOW STOCK COMMERCIAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS
HAM DEALER INQUIRES INVITED PHONE IN YOUR ORDER A 8E REIMBURSED
COMMERCIAL RADIOS stoefctd A ••rvlced on pr«m(iti.

Amateur Radio Courses Given On Our Premises, Call

Export Orders Shipped Immediately.

Technical help offered upon purchase FAX: 21 2-925-7001

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20 73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1 994

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* 0,040 {211 places)

Attach heat sink between board

and Ql using 6-32 x 3/8 machine screw,

#6 lockwasher, and 6-3 2 nut.

Figure4. Programmer parts placement @ 70%.

Lay crystal Yl flat on copper plane r
and solder a bare wire strap otfer Yl
using the two holes provided.

Figure5. Programmer solder side circuit pattern @ 70%.

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XC1736A PRDGRnriMER

Figure 6. Programmer component side circuit pattern @ 70%.

are helpful to chasers trying to get a fix on a
balloon package.

To run the compiler, type:

mkid <text_filc>
where <text_file> is the name of the text file
you created with the message. The program
will display error messages if it cannot find
the file. If it has found the file, it will load it
while displaying it on the screen so you can
check your work one more lime. You will he
prompted to enter how fast you want the
code to be sent, After calculating for a bit
you will see a list of available ID delay
times. This is how often the message will re-
peat- Small messages generate large lists of
delay times while large messages may offer
only a few choices. Enter the number of the
delay you wish to use.

After that is done the program opens a file
with the same name as the input file, but
with a '\jed" extension, and fills it with the
keying pattern required for your message.

All the dot and dash timing is done along
with key-downs for constant tones. The pro-
gram will announce when it is done and dis-
play some statistics about the ID it just cre-
ated. The program displays the frequency
that the 1736 A must be clocked at to get the
correct timing, how long the ID will take to
send, how long the ID will be silent before
restarting, how much of the chip capacity
was used, and what the value of the timing
resistor (RA) must be+

The file created is in standard JEDEC for-
mat and should be accepted by any chip pro-
grammer that will handle the Xilinx 1736A,
or you can build the companion programmer
presented here. Follow the instructions in
the manual on how to download a JEDEC
file to your particular programmer.

jed2Mn— A JEDEC File to Binary File
Converter

If you have a programmer that will only
accept binary or image files you will also
need to use the program tljed2bin." This pro-

73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1994 21

FOXHUNT HEADQUAFtTEHS

Locale hidden or unknown transmitters fast. The Foxhound direction
finder connects to the antenna and speaker jack on any radro receiver,
AM or FM Erom t MHz id 1 GHz. The antenna (a pair of dipote
telescopic whips) Is rotated until the Mull meter shows a minimum. A
pair of LEDs indicate to turn Left or Right. The Foxhound is Ideal to use
with a walfte-iatkie, if you wish Jo transmit, go ahead, a built-in T/Ft
switch senses any transmitted RF and switches Use If oul of circuit while
you talk. It doesn't get any easier I Ivan this' We provide all parts except for a few feet of 1/2 inch
PVC pipe avialable al any hard war e store (or a ctotlar or I wo. Add our matching case set lor a
complete finished unii. Be me one with the answers, win ihosa transmitter hunls and hack down

those jammers, voir I do it a i with your Foxnound,

Add some fun to your club ■iventa by having a transmitter hunt! Foxhunting ts a craze sweeping
the naiion, oul many clubs are missing out on the action because they tack she expertise or lime to
develop Iheir own foxhunt jransmiiter. We set one of our most devious and sneaky engineers lo
the task of designing an easy lo build and use, yet highly capable Foxhunt transmitter A snazzy
microprocessor controller has bolh preset and programmable transmission characteristics allowing
you to easily set the difficulty level from "beginner" to "know-it-all"! The Sly Fox, FHT-1 , is crystal
controlled in the 2 meter band (crystal lor 146 .52 included) with a power output of 5 watls thai is
adjustable by Ihe controller. The transmitter is programmed to ID in CW or add our voice option if
you really want to aggravate the troops - 'Ha ha, you can't find me!" Join the fun, gel rid of those
stiffly o!d meetings and picnics, have a foxhunt!

DF-1 Foxhound direction finder kit $59.95 CD£ Matching case set for DF-1 . ...S12.95

FHM SlyFox Foxhunt transmitter kit .31 29.95 FHI D-1 Voice ID option ..,.$29.95

CFHT Heavy duly meial matching casi? >?i lor FH T-1 ..,, . .529,95

TOUCH-TONE DECODER

Grab Touch-Tone numbers right off the air. phone or tape. A simple hook-up to any radio
Speaker or phone line is all that is required to rnslanlly decipher touch-tone phone numbers or
codes. A 256 digil memory stores decoded numbers and keeps its memory even in the event of
power loss. An 8 digil LED display allows you to scroll through the memory bank to examine
numbers. To make it easy to pick oul number groups or codes, a "dash" is inserted between sets
of digflslhdl were decoded more than 2 seconds apart. A '■central-office"' quality cryslal conl rolled
decoder is used allowing rapid and reliable detection of numbers al up to 20 digits per second!
For a professionally finished look, add our matching case set. Start cracking those secret codes
tomorrow with the Tone Grabber!

TG-1 Torre Grabber kit S99.95 CTG Matching case set S12.95

TG-1 WT Fully assembled TG-1 and case ....$149.95

TOUCH-TONE REMOTE CONTROL

Control virtually anything by Touch-Tone remote control- The UFtC-l has 16 switched oumuis. 4
adjusiabte voltage outputs (20 mV steps 0 to 5 VDG), two tOK digital pots [for volume, squeftri,
elc.} and 3 timers adjustable Ircm 10 mS lo 40 hours! Two level password control allows secure
conhol and mulli-level access. Six digil LED display shows currenily em e red codes and a crystal
controlled touch-tone decoder provides reliable operation. There's nothing eFse like (his uni|. be in
complete control of remole radios, thermostats, hi-fi's, homes or even factories wiih lhe URC-1 .
Add our malching case set for a handsome finish.

URCM Remote control kit S129.95 CURC Matching case set S12.95

URC-1 WT Fully assembled URC-1 and case .. ..,.8189.95

20 METER SSB/CW TRANSCEIVER
DDS * DUAL VFO * BUILT-IN KEYER

DIGITAL VOICE RECORDER

ChaUerbox digital voice storage unit will record your message of up to 20 seconds. Time is splil
up into four 5 second blocks which can be played separately or cascaded lor longer messages.
An LED display shows message location and cimeni mode lor easy operation. Nifty buill-in
interfaces allow simple connection to transmitters for automalic keying when lhe PTT is initially
closed or after il is released. You can even loop your rig's mike through lhe Chatterbox. For
contest or lun use, the CB-1 can drive an external speaker. Includes a built-in electret mike. For
thai finishing touch, add our malching case set.
CB-1 Voice recorder kit $59.95 CCB Matching case set $12.95

FM SUBCARRIER DECODER

Tap into the world of commercial -free music and data thai is carried over many standard FM
broadcast radio stations. Decoder hooks to !he demodulator o( FM radio and tunes the 50-100
KHz SCA subcarrier band. Many radios have a demod oulpui, but it your radio doesn't it's easy
to locate, or use our FR-l FM receiver kit which is a complete FM radio with a demod jack bull-in,
These "hidden^ sub-carriers carry lots of neat programming - (rom slock quotes lo news to music,
from rock to easy listening -all commercial free, Hear wha! you've been missing with lhe SCA.-1.

SCA- 1 Decoder kit , S24.95 CSCA Matching case sel $12,95

FR-i FM receiver kit S1S.95 CRR Matching case for FR-1........S1 2.95

SCANNER CONVERTER

Tune in on the GOQ-95G MHz action using your existing scanner. Frequencies arc convened wilh
cryslal referenced stabilly to 1he 400-550 MHz range. Instruclions are even included on building
high performance 900 MHz antennas. Well designed circuit toaiures extensive filtering and
convenient on-ohVbypass switch. Easy one hour assembly or available fully assembled. Add our
maiching case sel for a professional look,

SCN-1 Scanner convener kit S49.95 SCM Maiching case sel ....S12.95

SCN-1WT Assembled SCM-1 and case .... ,. SS9.95

STEREO PEAK HOLD BARGRAPH

Finally a dual LEO bar graph with a peak hold display! Bar graph displays are neat and eye
caiching but Iheir speed is iheir downfall ■ they just can't capture the peaks Our kit is tike Iwo
units in one. a last display to show lhe signar and a long persistance display to caplure peaks,
simitar unite go for hundreds of bucks! We olfer 3 models: Linear for general use. Semi-Log for
audio VU meters, and Log lor power displays. Dual - for stereo! - 10 segment multi-colored LED
display lor snazzy, eye grabbing display and easily set ranges for virtually any signals, from
voltmeters to audio VU melers to audio power amps lo SWR meters. Complete intrusions for
easy hook-up to rnos' any devpee. Add our matching. case set for a sharp looking unit.

PH-14 Dual Linear bargraph kit S39.95 PH-15 Dual Log bargraph kit $39.95

FH-16 Dual Semi-Log oargraph kit S39.95 CPH Matching case set S12,95

SURROUND-SOUND/REVERB

Add concert hall realism to your stereo. TV or even 2-way radio! Easily sythesize a stereo effect
from mono sources or richly enliven regular music. Add a big -voice reverb lo your radio voice ;hal
olhers will envy! Our reverb/surround sound kit uses a Bucket Brigade IC Device tor reliable sotid-
state performance. Adjustable reve*b. delay and mix controls to customize your sound. Easily
connected to radios, stereos. CS's and TV's. Plenlly of audio to drive a smalt speaker for sland-
alone operation loo. Experience lhe fun and realism lhai surround sound provides - without
Spending hundreds1 Add our case sel for a neat, pro look.

nv-1 Surround Sound/Reverb kit SE9.95 CRV Matching case set $12.95

RV- 1WT Assembled RV- 1 and case .„,.. , S9&.95

«*»*

SPEED RADAR

Mew low-cost microwave. Doppter radar kit "clocks" cars, planes, boats, horses,
bikes or any large moving object. Operates al 2.6 GHz with up to t/4 mile
range. LED digital readout displays speed in miles per hour, kilomeiers per hour
or feel per second! Earphone output allows lor listening to actual Doppler shift
Uses two I -lb coffee cans for antenna (not included) and runs on 12 VDG, Easy
lo build— all microwave circuitry is PC striplinc. ABS plaslic case with speedy
graphics lor a professional look. A very useful and full-of-fun kil.
SG-7 Complete kit SS9.95

FM RECEIVERS & TRANSMITTER

Keep an ear on the local repeater, police, weather or just lune around. These sensilive superhel
receivers are fun to burld and use. Tunes any 5 MHz ponion of the band and have smooth
varactor tuning with AFC. dual conversion, ceramic filtering, squelch and plenty of speaker
volume. Complete manual details how the rigs work and applications. £M FM iransmilier has 5YY
RF oul, crystal control {146.52 included I pro-seecs and daia/mrke inpuls. Add our case sets for a
nice finish.

FM Receiver kit Specify band: FM4fl(2M). FH'fl (fifcTi. FR-irj (10M)>FR-22G fSMMKzl..- $29.95

CFR Matching case set.. S12.95 FT-146 Two Meter FM transmitter kii+„„„S79.95

■^^^^

Imagine taking Ihis cute Mile ZQ Meter SSB/CW rig on business trips or vacations, ihere's
feature galore with Ihis beauty ! A DDS (Direcl Digital Synthesis) synthesizer tunes in 10 Hz
steps, Iwo VFO with memory and digital RIT wilh freq display? Convenienl features like a dial
fast bullon allows you to hop around the band and dual selectable AGC allows comfortable
operating. Instant, one-touch WVW reception for quick &and condition checks and
microprocessor control with built-in fambic CW keyer that has digital readout of speed! Perky
1 o watt RF output (only 1 V2 S units below 100 watts) can be lurned down tor GRP, Includes
hand mike wrlh handy Up/Down buttons for easy remole tuning. This rig's a joy to operate,
wrth performance equal lo units costing hundreds of dollars more and with some features not

found on any rig at any price! Covers lhe 20 M band 14 -14.5 MHz plus 15 MHz WWV. Our easy to follow instruclions have you

assemble the kit in simpEe "bite-sized" sections lhai are tested as you build, assuring you of a rkj lhat works firsl time.

Experience the pleasure of saying lhe rig here is home-brew! Available in kit or fully wired.

SX-20 SSB/CW transceiver kci S349.35 SX-20WT Fully assembled SX-20 $429.95

FANTASTIC FM TRANSCEIVERS SYNTHESIZED— NO CRYSTALS

Ramsey breaks the price barrier on FM rigs! The FX is ideal lor shack, portable or mobile, The
wide frequency coverage and programmable repeater splits makes (he FX lhe perfect rig for
Amateur, CAP or MARS applications, Racketeers really appreciate the dedicated packet ponr
*TflUE-FM" signal and almost instant T/R switching. Hiqh speed packet? ...No problem.
Twelve ciode programmed channels 5W RF output, sensitive dual conversion receiver and
proven EASY assembly. Why pay more for a used foreign rig when you can have one
AMERICAN MADE (by you) for less Comes complete less case and speaker mike. Order our
matching case and knob set for lhai pro look.

FX-50 kit (6 Meters) Si 49.95 FX-146 kil (2 Meters) r.„ . S149.9S

FX-223 kit (1 1/4 Meters) ....Si 49.95 FX-440 kit (3/4 Meters! 5169,96

2 MTR A 220 BOOSTER AMP

Here's a great booster for any 2 meter or 220 MHz hand-hetd unit These power boosters
deliver over 30 watts of output, allowing you to hii lhe repeater's lull quieling while the Sow
noise preamp remarkably improves reception. Ramsey Etectronics has sold thousands ol 2
meter amp kits, but now we offer completely wired and tested 2 meter, as well as 220 MHz
units, Both have all lhe features o! the high-priced boosters at a fraction of the cost.
PA-10 2 JvlTR POWER BOOSTER (10 X power gain)

Fully wired & tested - Se9.95

PA- 20 220 MHz POWER BOOSTER {3 X power gain)

Fully wired & tested ^59.95

STEREO FM TRANSMITTER

Run your own Stereo FM radio station!
Transmits a stable signal in the 68-108
MHz FM broadcast band up to 1 mite.

Detailed manual provides helpful info on

FCC rags, antenna ideas and range lo

expect. Latest design features adjustable

line level inputs, pre-emphasis and

cry slat controlled subcarrier, Connects to

any CD or tape player, mike mixer or

radio. Includes free tuning tool too! For a

pro look add our malching case set with on-board whip antenna

FM - 1 QA Stereo transmitler kil $34.95 CFM Case .whip ant sel . .$ 1 2.95

FM WIRELESS MIKES

Pick the unit trial's righl for you All units transmit a stable signal in
lhe S6-10B MH* FM band up lo 30C except for High power FM-4 and
PB-1 Phone bug that go up to 1/2 mile.

FM-1 Basic unit S5.95

Ffvt-2, as above but with added mike pre amp $7,95

FM-4, long range with very sensitive audio pickup ..514.95
PB-1, Phone bug needs no battery, hooks t o phone line, 514,95
IvlC-^ Micro size sensitive mike cartridge

forFM-1,2.4 ,„ ., „...,., ,.S2.95

AM TRANSMITTER

High quality, true AM Oroadcast band transmitter is
designed exactly like the big commercial rigs. Power of
100 mW, legal range ol up in 1/4 mile. Accepts line
level iriputs from tape and CD players and mike mixers,
(unable 550-1750 KHz. Complete manual explains
circuilry, help with FCC *ogs and even antenna ideas.
Be your own Rush Limbaugh or Rick Dees with lhe AM-
11 Add our case set tor a true siation look.

AM-1 Transmitter kil < S24.95

CAM Matching case set $12,95

MICRO-MIKE

World's smallest FM wireless mike. Smaller than a
sugur cute - including baiiery and mike. Two sets of
SMT parts supplied in case you are clumsy! Terrific
audio pick-up (pin drop al 5 fi) and transmit range of
300 It- We include the baltery (watch style), electret
mike and even a tuning tooll Be a James Bond and
[earn SMT too!
FM-5 Micro mike kfl ....,„.„, .,,.519-95

SPEECH SCRAMBLER

Descramble most scramble systems heard on your scanner radio
or set up your own scambled communication system over the
phone or radio. Latest 3rd generation PC is used for fantastic
audio ouaEity . equivalent to over 30 op-amps and miners! Crystal
controlled for crystal clear sound wslh a built-in 2 watt audio amp
lor direct radio hook-up. For scramble systems, each user has a
unit for rull duplex operation. Communicate in privacy with the SSj
70. Add our case set lor a line professional Eimsh.

SS-70 Scrambler /de sc ram blerk it $29.95

CSSD matching case set , .....S12.95

SS-70WT Assembled SS-70 and case set. 569.95

CRYSTAL RADIO

Relive the radio past wtth a crystal set like your
grandfather built. Uses genuine Galena crystal and
catwhisker. Several different types of radios are
built including standard AM broadcast, shortwave
and even WW II foxhole style. To compare modern
semiconductor detectors, we include a diode lor
comparison. No soldering required and we even
give antenna ideas Radio for free, get il now before
Clinton taxes it!
CS-1 Crystal set kit .,,S19,95

Hear exciting aircraft
communications — pick up
planes up to 100 miles
away! Receives 110-136
MHz AM air band, smooth

varactor luning superhel wilh AGC, ceramic fitter, adjustable squelch.

excellent sensitivity and lots ot speaker volume. Runs on 9V baltery.

Greal Eor air shows or just hanging around lhe airport! New 30-pag.e

manual details pilot lalk, too, Add case set for pro" look.

AR-1 kit „„ , „... S24.95

Matching case set. CAR , S12.95

SHORTWAVE
RECEIVER

Fantastic receiver that

captures lhe world ^' W W W'
with just a 12" antenna! Can receive any £ MHz ponion
from 4-11 MHz. True superhet, has smooth varactor
luning. AGC. RF gain control plenty ol speaker volume
and runs on a 9 v battery. Fascinating Scout, school or
club project, provides hours of fun br even lhe most
serious DXer. For the car. consider our shortwave
converter. Two switchabte bands (in 3-22 MHz range),
each 1 MHz wide— tunable on your car radio dial. Add
some inlerest to your dnve home!

Shortwave receiver kit, SR1 „ 329,95

Shortwave convener kit, SC1 S27.95

Matching case sel TorSRl, CSR S12.95

Matching case set lor SCI, CSC S12.95

QHP TRANSMITTERS RECEIVERS LINEAR AMPLIFIERS

3fJt 30, 40, 80M CW TRAMSMrTTERS

Join the fun on GRP! Thousands oHhese rran-
rigs ^iave been sold and tons of DX o&n:ac's
^ivc beer. mado. imagine working Eastern
Eurgps wilh a 530 transmitter— Ihal's ham
rad o at ils best' These CW rigs are iffea^
males lo the receivers at right. They have iwo-
position vanabte crystal control {orcg popular
qrp YjAi included I one watt outpul and
built-in antenna swilch. Runs on 12VDC. Add
our malching case and Knob set lor a
handsome Finished look.
Y<jur choice of bar»ds{EpeciFy band: QRP-

20. 30. 40. or 80} S29.95

Matching case

knob set.CQRP .,..§12.95

20, 30, 40, 80M All Mode RECEIVERS

Build your own mini ham station Sen-
sitive a 1 1- mode AM. CW SSB receivers
use direct conversion design with
NE6Q2. IC as featured in QST anO ARRL
handbooks. Very sensitive varactor
tuned over en lire band Plenty ol speaker
volume. Runs on 9V battery. Very EASY
lo buiFd. lots d( fun and educational-
ideal for beginner or old pro. New 30-
page manual. Add the case set lor weN-
Sitted professions Mook.
(Spetily band; HR^O. HR-30. HR-40.
HR-BO) 529,95

CHR, Watch ing case Si 2-95

QAIY1P

For a slick litlle GRF boost, use one of
the 20 Watl amplifiers. Needs only 1/2-2
waits of drive for full outpul, linear for
SSB. AM or CW operation, power
MOSFETs lor high effieciency and
multistage low pass Filter for a clean
signal, Built-in T/R relay for automatic
switching, runs on 12-15 VDC at 2-4
amps. Add our matching case set for a
compJete station look.

Yourcfioice of bands ,..,,S49,95

Specify band: (QAMP-20. 30. 40. 60)
CQAMP Matching case sel $12.95

r VtiH rcirt

ORDERS CALL 1-800-4 HOBBY KITS (44!
il TEC H/O Pt D E R/IN FO (71 6)924-456!

{716)924-4555

TERMS; Snt-sfJttlien guaranteed. Examine lor ID days. If hot pleased return m original form for refund.

■ Add S3.95 lor shipping, handfirtg and insurance. For foreign orders add 2ft% for surface mml. COD
(U.S. only} add SS.OO. Orders under $20 add $3.00 NY residents, add T% sales tax. 911-day parts
warranty on kit parts. 1-yesr parU & laljo r warranty OT1 uHncd units,

RAMSEY ELECTRONICS, INC 793 CANNING PARKWAY VICTOR NY 14564

CIRCLE 34 ON READER SEVICE CARD

2WAY RADIO
SERVICE MONITOR

COM-3. the world's mos! popular
low-cost service monitor. For shops
big or small, the COM 3 delivers
advanced capabilities far a fantastic
pnce— and our new lease program
altaws you to own a COM -3 for less
than S3.0Q a day. Features * Direct
entry keyboard wilh programmable memory ■ Audio & transmitter
frequency counter • LED bar graph frequency/error deviation d&splay
• 0.1-10QO0 pV output tevels ■ High receive sensitivity, less man 5
uV ■ 100 fcHz to 999.9095 MHz - Continuous frequency coverage *
Transmit prelection, up lo 1 00 watte • CTS tone encoder - 1 KHz and
external modulation.
COM3 2 Way Radio Service Monitor. S2995 00

SYNTHESIZED SIGNAL
GENERATOR

FinaEly, a iow-cost lab quality signal

generator— a true alternative to the

$7,000 generators. The RSG-10 is a

hard working, but easy to use

generator idea! for the Sab as well as

lor production lest Lease it tor less

lhan S3. 00 a day. Features • 100

KHz to 990 MHz ■ 100 Hz resolution to 500 MHz. 200 Hz above'

-130 to 10dBrn output range * 0.1 dB outpul resolution • AM and FM

modulation * 20 programmable memories * Output selection in volts,

dB. dBm with instant conversion between units * RF output reverse

power protected ■ LED display of ail parameters— no analog

guesswork

FtSG-IO Synthesized Signal Generator - $2495. GO

rtSh

SYNTHESIZED AUDIO
GENERATOR

f\ f\ ODS (Direct Digital Synihesis)

I f 1 J technology brings you a tem'ic audio

v \J generator at a fantastic price?

Generates from Q. 01 Hz to 50 KHz
with five digit LED display of
frequency Sine and square wave
output adjustable 0*1 volt p-p. Fre-
quency selected by direct keyboard entry and with handy continuous
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CW KEYER

Send perfect CW. Microprocessor keyer features 4 programmable
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you'll go silent belore the key! Includes builMn touch paddles or use
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C W-700 Ml icro key er k H . $69.95 CMK Matching ca se set $ 1 2 .95
CW-700WT Assembled CvV-700and case 599. 95

A mch key lead here
ifQ3/R3 are used.

gram accepts the
"\jed" file and con-
verts it to a binary
file- The program
prompts you for file
names.

All the above pro-
grams have been
written in generic
"C" language lo be
portable to any com-
puter with a "C"
compiler, An exe-
cutable MSDOS ver-
sion of each program
is available along
with the source code.

The Micro IDer
XC1736A PROM
Programmer

The Micro IDer
XC1736A PROM

programmer is an in-
expensive alternative for those who want to
program an ID into the Micro IDer FROM.
Since the least expensive commercial pro-
grammer that we know of that can program
the XC1736A costs $475, we decided to
make this special purpose programmer
available to users of the Micro IDer.

The programmer that we developed con-
sists of a board and a host computer pro-
gram. Communication between the host pro-
gram and the programmer is through an RS-
232 serial port. Power to the board is provid-
ed by a 24 VDC wall transformer.

Theory of Operation

The host program ilxprog" takes the stan-
dard JEDEC file that was produced by the
mkid program and sends it to the program-
mer. An Intel 8031 microcomputer on the
programmer board (Ul) handles this com-
munication and provides control on the
board.

The programmer's 803 1 code is contained
in a 2764 EPROM (U3). This code has all
the programmer's communication routines
and the routines that implement the algo-
rithm needed to program the XC1736A.
This code is available as an INTEL hex file
or already programmed into a 2764
EPROM, The 8751, (which is an 8031 with
an EPROM on-chip), may also be used in-
stead of the 8031-latch-2764 combination.
Some users may find the 8751 a less expen-
sive alternative to the three-chip combina-
tion. A strap on the board (J3) allows for the
use of either the 803 1 or the 875 1 .

The XC1736A programming algorithm is
complicated. It requires lhat voltages on Wo
pins be varied between 15Y, 6V, 5,5V, and
5V. The programmer controls these voltages
by switching various feedback resistors on
two LM317 variable voltage regulators. In
addition, these voltages must be switched in
various combinations before and after serial
data is clocked into the device in socket S6.
The clock, control, and data lines to the pro-
gramming socket S6 are connected directly

A ttach key lead here
if03/R3are NOT used

Cl | R5

Q3and R3are only used if
keying must be inverted.

CIRCLE 34 ON READER SEVJCE CARD

Figure 7. Key wire placement on completed Micro IDer.

to the 803 1 microcomputer.

Q2 can be switched between 5V and 5.5V
for the VCC pin of the programming socket.
This is controlled by the 8031 microcomput-
er, which switches R4 in and out of the Q2
resistor network via switching the input of
the high voltage open collector inverter
USA.

Q3 can be switched among 5 V, 6V, and
15V for the VPP pin of the programming
socket. This is also controlled by the 8031,
which switches R9 and R 1 1 in and out of the
Q3 resistor network using two inverters
from the U5 package. R5 provides series
damping for VPP, as the overshoot on the
VPP pin must never exceed 15.5V

Construction

The parts placement of the programmer
board can be seen in Figure 4, Even though
the bare board is two-sided without plated-
through holes, it is assembled by soldering
all connections that have traces on both
sides of the board The board, which was too
complicated to be a single-sided board, was
considered too expensive as a double-sided
plated-through board. So, wre struck a com-
promise by making sure that all traces could
be interconnected by soldering component
boles with traces on both sides of a non-plat-
ed through hole printed circuit board. This is
easily accomplished except in the ease of the
programming socket S6 and the socket for
the EPROM, S3. If the machine screw sock-
ets specified in the Parts List are used, ap-
proximately Q,Q5h' of bare metal of the barrel
of the socket pin is available for soldering
on the component side of the board.

Ql must have a heat sink attached to it as
this device converts the 24 VDC input into 5
VDCf producing a lot of heat in the process.
In addition, the crystal Yl needs to be laid
flat and have a bare wire strapped across it.
Two holes connected to ground are provided
for this purpose,

J2 provides the power connection. A wall
transformer that provides unregulated 24
VDC with at least 500 mA of current is re-

73 Amateur Radio Today January, 1994 23

XC1736A Prom Programmer Parts List

Reference

ci C5rce

C9-C12

C17

C13-16,C20.

C21 C18,C19

R2.R10

R11

Q2-Q3

SW1

Part Description

Cap0.1jiF63V20%
Cap 0.22 jiF 63V 20%
Cap 1 pF 50V 20%
Cap 10 jiF 35V 20%
Cap 22 \lF 35V 20%

Cap 33 pF 100V 5%

Xlal

Res 8.2k 5% V4W

Res 33 5% 1/4 W

Res2431%1/4W

Res 825 1% 1/4 W

Res 1000 1%1/4W

Res 1400 1% 1/4W

Res 26701% 1/4 W

Res 6190 1%1/4W

IC 74F373 latch

IC 2764 8Kx8 EPROM

IC 7406 hex oc inv

iC 8031 micro

IC MAX232 RS232

LM340 5V 1 .5A reg

LM317"L5Aadjreg

Skt 28-pin 0.6"

Skt 8-pin 0.3"

Conn 9-ptn D-Sub

Sw mom push-button

TO-220 heat srnk

6-32 x 3/8 mach screw

6-32 hex nut

#6 ext tooth lock washer

Manufacturer

Part Number

Digi-Key Ql

ian1

Panasonic

ECU-S1J104ZU

P4917

Panasonic

ECU-S1J224ZU

P491S

Panasonic

ECE-A1HU010

P6260

Panasonic

ECE-A1VU100

P6248

Panasonic

ECE-A1VU220

P6249

Panasonic

ECC-F2A330JCE

P4450

7.3728 MHz

CTS

MP074, CTX074

S.2KQ

33Q

243X

825X

1.00KX

1 .40KX

2.67KX

6.19KX

NSC

74F373PC

Microchip

27C64-15/J-ND

NSC

DM7406N

Signetics

SCN8031 HCCN40

Maxim

MAX232CPE

NSC

LM340T*5

LM340T-5

NSC

LM317T

Mill-Max

110-93-628-41-001

ED3628

Mill-Max

110-93-308-41-001

ED3308

Norwesco

09S1

509F-ND

Panasonic

EVQ-GEC04K

P8027S

AAVID

577202B0OO0O

HS1 07-ND

1
1
1

Micro IDer Parts List

Reference

Description

Manufacturer

Part*

Digi-Key

Quantity

IC CMOS timer

NSC

LMC555CN

IC serial PROM

Xiiinx

XC1736A

Skt.s 8-pin, 0.T

Mill-Max

110-93^308-41-001

ED3308

Q1-Q3

Transistor, NPN

NSC

2N3904

"Value determined by software, SGe text.

R1-R5

Res10k5%1/4W

10KQ

Cap 0,1 u;F 63V 20%

Panasonic

ECU-S1J104ZU

P4917

These products available from the authors at
MonticelJo Micro, 727 West Wilson, Monticello
IL 61856.

IDER-AT: Assembled and tested, Micro IDer
complete with programmed XC1736A PROM.
S20 (please include message to t>e pro-
grammed, the lime delay between IDs, and
code speed).

IDER-CD: Programmed XC1736A PROM
atone. S8 (please include message to be pro-
grammed, the time delay between IDs and
code speed).

XPROG-AT; Assembled and tested XC1736A
programmer, $79.

XPROG-CD: Programmed 2764 EPROM with
8031 code, $10. IDER-DESK: 5.25" 360K
diskette containing mkid 'C1 program source
code, mkid program EXE executable, jed2bln
iC> program source code, Jed2bin program
.EXE executable, xprog 'C program source
code, xprog program ,EXE executable, IBM
PC compatible serial port driver source code.
XC1736A programmer 8031 object code (Intel
HEX formal), S5,

Shipping and handling is included in the
above.

We assume tnat you can acquire the 24 VDC
500 mA wall transformer at a hamfest far
Cheaper than we could provide it to you. For
that matter you probably already have one
stashed in your junk box.

The IDer circuit board alone is available from
FAR Circuits, 18N640 Field Court. Dundee IL
60196 for $3 plus $ 1.50 S&H. The XC1736A

programmer circuit board alone is also avail-
able from FAR Circuits for $11 plus $1.50 S&H.

For all orders, please include your name, ad-
dress, and phone number tlllnols residents
please Include 6,25% sales tax.

quired to power the programmer board. The
wall transformer leads may be soldered di-
rectly into the board. You must take care to
make sure that the +24 VDC wire of the
transformer connects to pin I (marked with a
"+") on J2.

xprog — a JEDEC to IDer Programmer
Board Communication Program

The host program xprog, which is written
in "C, is completely portable and can be
compiled on any computer that has a serial

port and a "C" compiler. The hardware de-
pendent code Tor the serial port is written as
a separate piece of code so that a person may
add a serial port driver appropriate for their
particular computer A driver for IBM PC
and compatible COM I and COM2 ports is
provided along with the host program source
code. Instructions detailing what is required
for other serial port drivers is also provided.
The program is invoked by:

xprog <niename>jcd

where <filename> is the name of the
JEDEC file produced by mkid. fc£J

References:

1 ) ABEL Design Software User Manual*
September 1990, DATA I/O Corp.. App-
pendix B: JEDEC Standard Number 3 A.

2) Programmable Gate Array Design
Handbook, 1986, Xiiinx Inc., pp. 1-50 to
1-60,

3) Radio Amateurs Handbook* 1985,
Amateur Radio Relay League, pp. 9-8.

Program 1.

/* mkid ver 1.0 - Horse code to JEDEC file converter.

^include cstdio.h>

S include <stdlib.h>

This program is available for unlimited non-commercial

^include <string*h>

distribution. Modifications, bug reports arid questions

ft include <ctype<h>

(BASE please) may be sent to:

struct id

Stephen R. Look

{

121 W Wilson

int leeyElh

MonticellO, IE* 61B56

char morse [25] j

•/

Program f continues

24 73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1 994

CORPORATION

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Irvine, CA 92718

(714) 458-7277 • FAX (714) 458-0826

MODEL VS-50M

SLSEFU§§

ASTRON POWER SUPPLIES

• HEAVY DUTY • HIGH QUALITY
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except RS-3JL HS 41. RS 5fl RS-4L RS-5L

• MAINTAIN REGULATION & LOW RIPPLE at low I'm input
Voltage

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• THREE CONDUCTOR POWER CORD except foi RS-3A

• ONE YEAR WARRANTY • MADE IN U.S.A.

RUGGED • RELIABLE*
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS

• INPUT VOLTAGE: 105-125 VAC

• OUTPUT VOLTAGE: 13.8 VOC t 0,05 volts
(Internally Adjjstable 11-15 VDC)

• RIPPLE Less than 5mv peak to peak (full load &
low line)

• All units available in 220 VAC input voltage

(except for SL-11A)

LOW PROFILE POWER SUPPLY

MODEL

SL-11A
SL-11R
SL-11S
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Colors Conlinuous

Gray Black Duty [Amps)

7
7

ICS*
lAmpsi

11
11
11
11

Size [INI
H*W*D

2% * Tk * Vh
2ft > 7 *Vk

43A ■* 7 * 914

a1B

12
12
12
13

RS-L SERIES

POWER SUPPLIES WITH BUILT IN CIGARETTE LIGHTER RECEPTACLE

Size (IN)
H*W*D

Vh * 6% * Vk

MODEL
RS-4L

CsnlinuMis
Duly [Amps)

ICS*

[Ampal

RS-5L

3ft * 6ft * Vk

SPitppi

WLlfbs

RM SERIES

MODEL RM-35M

19" RACK MOUNT POWER SUPPLIES

MODEL

RM-12A

RM-35A

RM-50A

RM-60A

Separate Volt and Amp Meters

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RW 35M

HM-50M

RM-6CM

Continuous
Duty I Amps I

25
37
50

ICS*

(Ampsl

35
50
55

12
35

Size IIMI
HxWxD

5% x 19x8%
5% x 19 x 12fc
5% x 19x12^?

7x19x12ft

5^x19x8%
5% x 19 x 12ft
5V*x 19x12%

7x19x 12'/?

Shipping
Wt [lbs]

RS-A SERIES

MODEL RS 7A

MODEL

RS-3A

RS-4A

RS-5A

RS-7A

ftS-7B

RS-10A

GS-12A

RS-12B

RS-20A

RS-35A

RS-5QA
RS-70A

Colors
Gray Slack

Ceilfiuflii

Oity |Aips|

2.5

7.5

37
57

ICS'

(Amps)

4
5
7

£0

50
70

Sizi |IMl

H x W x 0
3 x A3A x 5ft
$3t x 611 x 9

3Ya X 6Va x Vk

Vk X 6 V? x 9
4X7'/2X 103/*
4 x Vk x 10tt

4Vi x 8 x 9
4 X Vk X 10%

5 x 9 x 10V?

5 x 11 x 11

6x 13^ x 11
6 x 13V* x 12'i

Shipping
Wt. (Ilt.|

46
46

Slippi*!
wt |iit,)

RS-M SERIES

MODEL RS-35M

MODEL

Swrtthable volt and Amp meter
RS-12M

Separate volt and Amp meters
RS-20M

RS-35M

RS-50M
RS-70M

Ciitimeii
Dilf (Amps)

16
25

ICS*

jAiipij

20
35
50

Size |ll]

HxWxO

4ta X 8 X 9

5 x 9 x 10%
5X II x 11

6 X 13^4 X 11

6 * 13% x 12l*

VS-M AND VRM M SERIES

MODEL VS-35M

Separate Volt and Amp Meters • Output Voltage adjustable from 2-15 volts • Current limit adjustable from 1 .5 amps

to Full Load

VS-12M
VS-20M
VS-35M
VS-50M

Ctitititft

Oily |Aaps|

@138V0C @10VDC @5VDC

9 5 2

16 9 4

25 15 7

37 22

Variable rack mount power supplies
VRM-35M 25 15

VRM-50M 37 22

7
10

ICS1

|Aips]
@ 13.8V

35
50

SiZl(IN|
H x W X D

4'6 x 6 x 9

5x 9x 10V2

5x 11 x 11

6x 133/4 x 11

5V4 x 19 x 12ft
51A X 19 x 12%

siippiii
wt. |ibs |

13
20
29
46

36
50

RS-S SERIES

MODEL RS-12S

Built in speaker

MODEL

RS-7S
RS-10S
RS~12S
RS-20S

SL-11S

Colon
Gray Black

Ceitituiut
Duty (Anpi)

7.5

ICS'

Amps
7
10
12
20

Size f IN)

H x W x D

4x7]h x10ft

4x7fe x \m

4^x8x9

5 x 9 x 101*

2% % 7% x 9%

Shipping
Wt, |lbs |

10
12
13
18
12

ICS— intermittent Communication Service (50% Duty Cycle 5m*n on 5 mtn, off)

CIRCLE 15 ON READER SERVICE CARD

};

char bits [200001;
char ditsI362381;

/* — function to exit upon invalid character detection */

void char_errcr ( )

print f < w\nerror - the last character displayed is invalid! "i;
printf (*\n please correct the message text and retry\n*J;
exit l-l) ;

)

/* function to return correct unit of time ■*/

void time_frame (t rp)
float t;
char *p;

{

if{t>=36Q0) sprintf (p(»%.U nrs" , t/3600) ;

else if {tc3600&&t;>=60} sprint f (p, ff%,lf mins* r t / 60 > ;

else sprintf (p, *%.lf sees', t) ;

}

/* main function + /

main Targe, argv)
int a roc;
char *argv(3;
t

struct id reference [44] = {

"DO") , /* SP */

W'j> jf% i. 1 second silence marker V

"1"}. /" ■ 1 second tone marker */

"1111110101011101110"'},/* , V

"HlQlOlOlOlOlllO*},/* - */

-101310101110101110"},/* , '/

"1 1101010111010" 3 P /* /

^11101110111011101110"),/* 0 *:J

■loiiioiiiomoiiKr}, t* i v

M01Q111.011101UO*), /'* 2 */'
"10101011101110"],
"101010101110"},
"1010101010"},

■111010101010"),
-11101110101010*3 r

*111Q111011ID1010J'},/* 8
•11101110111D111010-}i /*
"1010111011101010"},/* ?
"101110*1 i
MllOlQiaiOM,
"11I01Q1I101Q"},

"1UD1Q10").

*10"L

"1010111010"},

*111011101G"},

"lOlQlQlQ*!,

"1010"},

"lanioiiioiiio"!,
mioioino*},

'1011101010"},
-11101110"),

"iiioia"},

"1.11011101110"},
M01110111Q10"),

"lUOlllOlGlllOM,
"1011101O"},
"101010"),
"1110") ,
"10101110"},

"1010101110") r

-lonioiiio"},

"11101G101110M,

"iiioioiiiQino1'},
"111011101010"} i:

static

(

32 ,

33 ,

{

35 ,

{

34 ,

45 ,

46 ,

<P r

4B t

49 ,

50 j

{

51 j

52 p

{

53 r

54 ,

{

55 ;

{

56 ,

5i ,

63 ,

$5 r

;

66 ,

b" ,

[

66 ,

{

6S f

70 f

{

71 ,

■:

12 ,

:■

{

74 ,

IB r

—t — »
i

78 t

{

f eo

t 81

[ #2

i m

{ 84

\ 87

; S8

I 90

long cntr?

int tone, ch,bitcnt, num, re f cntr, men tr, message[10G0] ;

float wpm, time, elk, expandobits, expandoclk;

*•/

i»

g */

/ +

*/■

/•

*-/

* /

T
1

«7

■■'*

in, *out j

char c[201 , rptrr

pt r = c ;

if {argci-2 )

{

printf ( "Usage: mkid Lsource_f ile_name] \n" ) ;

ex i t ( - 1 ) ;

)

in^fopen fargvfll , "r" I |
if Cin--NULL)

[

printf ("mkid: %s doesn't exist ! \n"largv[lj ) ;

ex i t { - 1 ) i

}

/* clear the screen

for (entr=0;cntr<=25?cntr+4-} printf r\ntf) ;
/* roll the credits

■V

printf ("VnMake ID - Version 1,0*);

printf ("\nMorse Code to JEDEC compiler") ;

printf (*\ncopyw.rite Cc) 1991 by Stephen R, Look ka9szw\n\n" ) *

f* — read in the text file to memory and echo it .to the screen—*/

printf (*\nFile read in:\n")j

cntr=0;

while (ch!=EOF}

{

ch=getc ( ia) ;

if^ch-='\n'} ch-32;

message [cntr ] -toupper (ch] ;

printf {*%c*f message [cntr] J ;

^=0&messagr' [cntr] <1D ) char_error() t
==11) char_error U ;
>12^nnes3age[cntr]-=2l3 J char_error ( ) ;
>26&message [cntr] *=32 } char_error i ) ;
==34 ) char_error ( ) ?
>35Stmessage [cntr] <44
==64 } char_error ( \ ;
>90) char_error U ;

char error ( )

if (message (cntr

if (message Icntr

if (message £cntr

if (message [cntr

if (message E cntr

if (message [cntr

cntr ++ ;

}

Ecloseiin) j

/* — get code speed and calculate clock speed per ARRL Handbook-*/

printf (*Vn\ncode speed in wpm: ");

wpm=atoi (gets(c) ) ;

clk^wpfn/1 , Z\

?*- — use the lookup table to generate bit patterns */

for (mcntr^O, -message [mentrj !=EOF?mcntr+4 ]

for{refcntr=0('refcntr<=4 3; refcntr-i- )

{

if (reference [refentr] . key[0] ==mess^ge[mcrtr] ) break?

)

if (message [men trl ==35)

{

foritone=0; tone! =( int) cl kjtone+-0 strcat (bits, "i") ;
if (message [men tr+15 I =35) strcat (bits, "000" ] ;

else if {messageLmcntrl ==33 )

{

for(tone=0; tonei = (int J elk; tone* + j strcat (bits, *E?*j :;

if (message [mcntr+11 1=33} strcat (bits, '000") ;

)

else

strcat (bits, reference [ref cntr ] .morse) ;

strcat (Mts^QQ-J ;

)

}

/T— get timing desired and calculate the number of bits needed

bitcnt=0;

bitcnt=strlen (bits) j

cntr=i;

ch=l,-

while (1)

— V

Program 1 continues

26 73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1 994

TV REPAIR

run BEGINNERS

I O t ■ T H I n 1 T I O K

M27P flfJS
Scrffcower

RADIO

SfCEIVEB PSOJE

HuNIlL

4S&GH $?D.DO

4M3H-XX SS0.00
C4uU» a* 2

Troubleshooting
& Repairing

VCRsm s

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> ■ »»»»*«»»»

1777H-XX $32.45

TRANSMITTER
HUNTING

1AQIO DIHf( rlON
JIND4KC. MMI'UIIED

270TP Slfl.BS

Solicaw«<

Eecret^5f

CIRCUIT
DESIGN

RF<;jNNER"£ f
GUIDE TO
READING

SCHEMATICS
! **covi> Eomov

371QH-XX M2.95

Courts a 2

Lmk'sRF
Handbook

L-«tfiiiiillll

G37504HXX S39.50

Counts as 2

lUIASfIC

ELICTRIJMtS

BUILD YOUR OWN

NEGATIVE-'ON
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' OTHER PROJECTS

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Teste for tf>s
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Electronics
Coarse

2nd Edition

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<-.

.• I

38B7M S26 95

Basic Ef$ctftifl
Communications
tor thQ
FCC GENERAL

aADIOTELEPHOWE

OPERATOR'S

LICENSE EXAM

4t7BH

$23.95

SHORTl

KfltfE

irs*ctt*p Lf&

TnFiin&

rrrte/"s

■ - ■urJL -

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■*-

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1367P S29.SS

327QH-XX £32.95
Counts, as 2

261 3P S1B.95

Sottcovw

40S4H $2795

The

Packet Radio
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■ ! I

| .^Aim

GENERAL
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OH-KATOITS
LICENSE
STUDY GUIDE

40S5H-XX &14.9S
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4231 H 519 95

4122H-XX $36 95

Counts M 2

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Scticuue'

4075P S17.9S
Sottcover

If coupon is missing, wrne to Electronics Book Club, Blue Ridge Summit. PA, 1 7294-081 0

■ ■

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Valid for new rarotwi only, lubjec? to acceptance tay ESC US orders aro •mpped *rh Class Booh Post Appircanis ouis*0* (he U S
arKl Canada *ill r«c«rve »ncci*J Qfd«nng tnstructkKns Canada mutt mnn m U S ^unds <Jta*m on US banks -Canpdwi ortttn» an
shipped Internal ional Book Posi— add $9 25 shipping/banding A sriippingi'bandling chfirge & sales tan wil be added to BH Orders

—

expandobits- i float )cntr~ I float Jbitcnti

expandoo 1 k- ( float > cntr*elk ?

time- i 36288. -expandobits) /expandoclk?

t £ ( expandobi c s>3 62 68 J

(

print f l*\nChoo3e IS eel ay time - ■);

printf I *<number> or [Enter) to quit->"l?

gctilcif

nunsatoi ec) ;
U(Bt»c*0J exit(O);
else break;

)

ti»e_frame(time,ptr) ?
printf (*<lld> %s\t*fcntr,cl;
i£lCh%4==01 prmrit*\nf);
ch * + ;

if <cntr%BB^Q)
I

:■■ intf ( "\nChoose ID delay time - *)*
printf ("<number> or [Enter] for more->*)?
gets(c) ;

msa^atoi -Mb) ;

if (c£0]!=NULLl breakr

)

cntr**j

-generate JKDEC tile-

?~rcacfargv!l! ,'oed*) ;

printf l*\nCreating file: %s\n*,argv[l] J

out- f open ( argv [ 1 ] , *w" ) ;

rh=Q;

for (crtr^(hbits£cntr)i=!IULL:cntr-*J

fcr listener -0;mcntx<nLim,'nicrttr+- \

{

dits[chl *bits Ecntr] ;

L+ +

}

fprintf toutr#ider JEDBC file produced by Hfcid\n*>;

fprintf tout. p The 555 timer frequency needs to be t*If Mc-, (f loat Jnun*clkl ;

fprintf <©Ut,* Besistor RA * i.lf Ohms*, U4400Q00-' it float} nuni'clkH -2000* ;

fprintf (out , *ictc\n*VnLG*n*r0x0a, 0x02) ;

mcjitrsOf

foricntr=0;ditsIcntr]!=HULLjcntr+4)

{

fprintf tout , *lc* , di ts [cntrl I ;
if |mcntr==63)

fprintf (out, *W I :

mcntr=0?

else mcntr++r

f printf tout," •\n%c0000An*f 0x0 3 J ;

f close tout) ;

printf C\nF tie complete\n*) ;

/■ calculate timer frequency and device stats *f

printf (*\nThe 555 timer frequency needs lq be t.U H2% (float )num*clk' ;

printf (-XnResistor RA - %-lf Ohms*, (14400000/ ((float) rium*clkH~2000t f-

time_fraa*< ifloatJcr.tr/ \ if ioat)num*clki ,ptrt ;

pr-ntfCMiIO will take Is to sendee);

C i^e_framei (16298-cntrJ / (nurv-clXKptr) ;

printf (* with a delay of %s be -ore it repeats\n*,c) t-

printfrand uses 1,1ft* of the chip capacity An*, {float jcntr/3S28S-10O J;

exit(0) :

} Program 1 ends

Program 2.

■ jed2bin vl.O - JEDEC to binary file converter for stupid prom programmers
Copyright (cj 1992 Stephen R* Look
This program is available for unlimited n on -commercial
distribution. Modifications , bug reports and questions
{BASE please) may be sent to;
Stephen R. Look
1-27 W Wilson

Mcnticello, IL 61355

•

Prelude <stdio.h>

* main function w f

wain I J

{

FILE *in,*outf

int num.ch.cntr;

unsigned x;

zrzz bucket {80};

char onef20l,tw|20|;

printf (■ nEnter input file name; #li

scanf r Ms*, one* ;

print f t * \ nEn t er output file name : * } ;

scanf \* Is"* two) ;

tn= f open (one, *r'*;

out^openttvo, *wb*) :

" — roll the credits

printf (*\nJEDEC to Binary file converter - Version 1.3*);
printf("\n -a program of limited usefulness-') \
printf ("\n copywrite (c) 1992 by Stephen R« LookAnYn*);

/'* read in the text file to memory and echo it to the screen*

printf ("\nStripping header textiSn");

for(cntr=0;cntr<=5;cntr++)

f?canf Unr'%( HnjVn*, bucket) ;

printf (-ls* .bucket^ :

)

-■/

printf (*\nStarting conversion: \n*J ;
x=0;

while! 1]
{

num* o ;

for (cntr=0rcntr<=:7 jentr+t}

{

ch=getc< in) ;

iflch-sOxOal ch=getcfinir
if (ch=j=0x0d) chsgetcUn):

{ch=^0x2aj break ;
ftmn>>=li
x*>;

iJCd^s'VI num != 128;
}

:: [Chl^Oxlal
i

putcinu**. o-tl j
printf l# -rlu ***»;

printf I* n?: 1 ";ng out file space with 0's:'n*);

nuntsO;

while (x<362Sa»

{

putc (nufn# ouc I t

printf (*Vr%u *,x};

x4-*3j

}

exit (0) ;

}
)
}

Program 2 ends

28 73 Amateur Radio Today January, 1 994

PUBLIC SAFETY ANNOUNCEMENT

Tampering with Motorola's
Communication Technology is
Nothing Short of a Crime*

not only damages ihe reputation of Motorola, Inc.
and the communications industry, but undermines
the very integrity of America's public and private
communications services.

Motorola has been at the forefront of communications
technology for more than 60 years. Today, we offer a
greater array of communications products than ever
before. We are proud of our products and the vital
services they bring to our customers which are of
unparalleled public importance.

Theft of communications services and so-called
High-Tech piracy threaten the entire communication
industry's reputation for reliability. This conduct

Motorola intends to combat this conduct by
aggressively maintaining and enforcing its proprietary
rights to its hardware and software technology. Anyone
who has knowledge of illegal activities or has questions
concerning such activities is urged to contact Motorola
Inc. immediately at 1-800-325-4036. Contacts will be
kept confidential and may be made anonymously.

Number 28 on your Feedback card

The "Hula Loop

A stationary bidirectional hybrid three-element delta loop.

by Dean Frazier NH6XK

Conventional wisdom preaches that direc-
tors and reflectors must be on opposite
sides of a driven antenna element to achieve
best performance in one direction: hence the
advent of the rotating beam antenna (Yagi-
Uda, Moore Quad, etc). But by its very defi-
nition, "conventional" wisdom may only de-
scribe what has worked in the past. It does
not allow that something else may work as
well, or belter: now, or in the future. Conven-
tional wisdom may lack vision, It may be in-
complete.

The rules of my QTH environment (a
planned community in Hawaii) preclude my
erecting a tower or rotatable beam of any
kind, yet out here in the ocean, at (about) 21
degrees north latitude, 158 degrees west lon-
gitude, I like to propagate mainly to the
NE/SW. For several years 1 have used a com-
mercial half-wave vertical to do just that, but
ihe declining solar cycle has forced me to
seek a bit more gain than produced by said
vertical, a bit less noise on receive , . . but
how to do it with a low launch angle, in at
least two directions simultaneously?

Many solutions are well-known, such as
using two driven radiators separated one half-
wave and fed in phase: or spaced one quarter-

wave, fed 180 degrees out of phase. T wanted
a simpler solution because T wanted to avoid
two driven elements and the requirement for
proper electrical phasing.

Any bidirectional antenna T might erect
would have to have more gain than my half-
wave vertical. It would have to be put up in
the trees of the forest to the NE behind my
back fence. It would have to be fixed in loca-
tion and non-rotatable. ft would have to have
sufficient gain both to the NE (to the main-
land US and Europe) and SW (to ZL-VK and
Africa) to make up for feedline losses result-
ing from a roughly 300-foot run from shack
to antenna. Virtually loss-less open wire feed-
er was out of the question due to 'Visual im-
pact,^ and the antenna had to "blend" into the
forest scenery. The vertical loop was the ob-
vious choice fed by low-loss high quality
coax, and the delta loop, apex down, high
current region "up/1 was chosen so I could
take advantage of the simplicity of available
(and minimum) supports ... the trees.

Gain would be easily enhanced in one di-
rection with a reflector "behind" the driven
element {a la conventional wisdom), but how
to get some signal "out ihe back" at the same
time? Electronic switching, grounding out el-

ements, multi-driven elements, and pausing
were ruled out preemptorily. This had to be a
"no-fuss," simple antenna.

So I again considered conventional wis-
dom as I poured over my textbooks in search
of a solution. Then I closed the books, and
closed my mind to conventional wisdom . . .
and the solution was obvious; Put a reflector
(or reflectors) on the west side of the driven
element for gain to the east toward the US
mainland, and put a director (or directors) al-
so on the west for a boost to the west, (e.g.

VK-ZL).

So, after much trial and error, working with
as many as two reflectors and four directors
nested within the reflector(s), and varying
their lengths (perimeters) and their spacing
from the driven element, the Hula Loop
evolved. It's not very fancy or sophisticated,
but its simple form should not be underesti-
mated.

The final configuration survived the skepti-
cism of many fellow hams. It is explained be-
low and shown in Figure 1 . First, let me point
out that prior to the utilization of the Hula
Loop, the best I could do to the East Coast of
America was 5/6 with the 3 dBd gain half-
wave vertical, whereas now I consistently re-

Photo A. The Hula Loop driven element at its feed point. Note the J:l
hahm.

30 73 Amat&ur Radio Today • January, 1 994

Photo B. The bottom apex of the Hula Loop's diflecton Note that ny-
lon cord is used to secure ihe antenna.

COMMUNICATIONS

ELECTRONICS INC.
Emergency Operations Center

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On April 19, 1993, the FCC amended Parts 2 and 15 of lis
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List price $689-95/CE price $369.95/SPECIAL
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137.000 - 173 995 MHz. <NFM)H 174 000- 215 995 MHz. (WFM),
216.000 - 224995 Mlk (NFM), 225.000 - 399-995 MHz. (AM)
400 000 - 511995 MHz. (NFM), 512 000- 549995 MHz. (WFM)
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The new Bearcat 8 500XLT gives you pure scanning satisfaction
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Because the frequency rover age is so large, a very last scanning
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include VFO Control - (Variable Frequency OscUJator) which
allows you to adjust the large rotary tuner to select the desired
frequency or channel, Counter Display - lets you count and
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Auto Recording - This feature lets you record channel activity
from the scanner onto a tape recorder. You can even get an
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from your vehicle's cigarette lighter $ 14,95; PS002 DC power
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t - 1 -^ >

EH 6Z)Q
COO

CDC

no CI

The Uniden GMR100 is a handheld GMRS L'HF 2-way radio
transceiver that has these eight frequencies installed: 462.550,
462.725,462.5375,462.6125,462.6375, 462^75, 462i625
and 462.6875 MHz. This one wau radio comes with flexible
rubber antenna, rechargeable ru-cad battery, AC adapter/
charger, belt clip, F.C.C. license application and more.

Uniden GMR100H GMRS Handheld ...S 169.95
Uniden WAS1HNGT0N-H SSB CB Base SI 89.95
Uniden GRANTXL-H SSB CB Mobile »..$ 149-95

Uniden PC66XL-H CB Mobile S78.95

Uniden PC76XL-H CB Mobile $99-95

Uniden PC122XL-1I SSB CB Mobile $107. 95

Uniden PR05IQXL-H CB Mobile.. ...$36.95

Uniden PRO520XL-J1 CB Mobile .,,.$4995

Uniden PR0538V-H CB & Weather ...... $69-95

CIRCLE 35o ON READER SERVICE CARD

mum

^—

ICOM RI-H ul Era compact handheld wideband receiver $iO).%

ICOM MG0-H mobile 500 kHi.-1.fi GBV12) memory .,^»»,^ 1649-95
ICOM E7 1 AH 100 IH1.-3O MHi. base (add 139.00 shipping) S t. 029-95
ICOM R72A-H 100 tH*.-30 WH*. base {add *59 00 shipping - - S954 95
ICOM R7000-H base with 99 memory (add 149 00 shipping) . 51,249 ^5
ICOM R7 100-H base with 900 memory (add S 49.00 shipping) H, 289.95
ICOM H90D0-M base 50 IHi -2 C Hz (add $ 149 00 shipping) (4r999.95

ICOM AH7000-H super wideband dispone type anieima (109,95

Grundig SalellK 70OH portable with 512 memory *A€ adapters 44995
Grundig SatelUt 500 H portable with Q memory & AC adapter (34995
Grundig Cosmopolite with integrated mint-cassette recorder ...1179.95

Gniodig Yacht Roy 230-H portable shortwave _ _ (13995

Gruodig Traveller 2-H portable shortwave ...—..--... ^^...,..^,....17995

Sangeu A1B202-H ultra compact 20 memory shortwave (7995

S&ngeaii ATS606-H ultra compact 45 memory shortwave ...„ $149.95

Sangein ^TS(j06P H shortwave with antenna & AC adapter .,...$1^95

Sangean ATS80Q-H portable 20 memory shortwave 17995

Sangean ATSS03A-H portable with SSR receplioa & AC adapter 115995

Sangean ATSSOS-ri portable 45 memory shortwave , $15995

Sangean ATTiSlS-H portable without cassette recorder .418995

Sangean A'resiSC^H wltb cassette recorder .~.,*2(#.95

Sangean ANT60-H portable shortwave anteiuia .._ m (995

Public safely agencies responding to hazardous materials Incidents
must have accurate, up-to-date weather Information Hie Davis Weather
Monitor It IS our lop-of-lhe-iliie Weather station whlcb combines essen
Hal weather ntooltorlag funcUoos Into one incredible package. Clauce
at the display, and see wind direction and wind speed on the compass
lose, Check the barometric trend arrow 10 see if the pressure is rising
or falling. Our package deal Incudes the new high resolution 1/100 Inch
ram collector part #7*5 2-H. and the external temperauire/humiditv
sensorp part #7859'HTbe package deal is order #DAV1 H for $524.95
plus $15.00 shipping. If you have a personal computer, when you order
the optional WeiiiherHnk computer software for S 14995, you'll have a
powerful computerized weather station at an Incredible price. For the
IBM PC or equivalent order part #7862-11. For Apple Mac Plus or higher
Including Quadra or PowerBook, order pari #7K66-H.

(

Cobra CP910H 900 MH*. spread spectrum cordless phone .., J29995

ICOM GP22-H handheld gtoba] positioning system S69995

WR20OH weather radio with storm alert ,„. $3995

RED! wrl$l50H VHF handheB 5 wait, 16 ch. transceiver .... 1349-95

RELM RH25^r^H VHF 25 wait synthesized transceiver S28995

Ranker RCJ2950-H 25 watt 10 meter ham radio $344.95

Ranger RCt2970~K 100 watt 10 meter ham radio ,„ (36995

Uniden LRD9000W1 H Super wldebafld laser/radar Detector Si 69 95

PVtB-H Passport to Wnrldband Radio by IBS „ - il $10.95

POLt-H Police Call for CTf ME, MA, Nil, NY, M, VT 15-95

POL2 H Police CaH for DE, MB, NJr PA , ..„„ ..-.15 95

K>L5-H Police Call for Michigan & Ohio ....„ S5-95

POL4 H Police Call for It, IN, KYP VI H 15.95

POL? H Police Call for I A, KS, MN, MOt NE, NO, SO 1595

POL641 Police Call for DC Ft GA, NC> PR, SC, VA, WV 15-95

POL7H Police Call for AL, AR, LA, MS, OK, TN, TX ™„ , $5 95

POl*H Police Call for AZ, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, IT, ^T - 15 95

POL9-H Police Call for California, Oregon & Washington „.„ 1595

LTSAMMBNC-ll magnet mount scaoper antenna with BNC $29.95

USAKH VHP scaoDer/VHF transmlitln| antenna wilh PL259 - $2995
LSASGMBNCH glass mount scanner ant with ftNC connector - $2995
USASGMM-H glass mouol scanner antenna wilh Motorola jack 12995
mmmmmmm

)

It's easy to order from Cfcl M*H orders toe Communlca'
licms Electronics lot. Emergency Operations Cenler, P.O. Box
104Sf Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 US.A Add 515.00 per
radio for ILP.S. ground shipping and handling in the conti-
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all accessories and publications. Add $3.00 shipping per
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Photo C Another view of the Hula Loop 's construction. The antenna blends into the scenery
when viewed from a distance.

ceive 5/9 or 5/9+ reports. To Australia and
New Zealand, the vertical consistently beat
my original single-element and eventual hvo-
elemeni delta loop, but now it's the other way
around by 2 S-unks. Short path to South
Africa over Antarctica, I'd get 5/3 on \he ver-
tical and 5/2 on the conventional two-element

delta loop, and now it's more like 5/7-5/8 on
the three -element loop. To Europe over the
North Pole, it used to be 5/5-5/6 with the ver-
tical, and now it's 5/8-5/9-5/9+, even as the
solar cycle declines, wilh the hybrid delta
loop.

I can still communicate to Asia and South

America with the vertical and a Loop Sky-
wire, but not as well as the Hula Loop does to
the northeast and southwest, from Hawaii.

The Hula Loop's Design

The Hula Loop consists of a driven delta
loop, apex down, behind which is a passive
reflector 3% longer around than the driven, in
which is nested a director cut 3% shorter than
the driven. The reflector-director combination
(which I call the Diflector) is spaced 0J6
wave (about 8T' on 17 meters) from the driv-
en element. This wide spacing results in the
feed point impedance being in the 80-100
ohm range, as usual for a full- wave single-el-
ement loop, so feeding with 50 ohm coax
(Belden 9913) terminating in an odd multiple
of 75 ohm coax is appropriate (V50 x 100 =
71 ohms), Moving the diflector towards the
driven element would eventually bring down
the feed point impedance to 50 ohms at some
particular spacing, allowing a "straight in-
feed"" with 50 ohmsT but the forest in which
the loop is erected does not allow this luxury.

After cutting the driven element by using
the formula (1005/f MHz = length in feet)
and forming an equilateral triangle with the
feed point at the bottom apex, and after hav-
ing put the element "in situo," I ihen tuned
this driven element to resonance, then mea-
sured its final length (or perimeter). Then I
cut and placed the diflector by this formula: If
the final tuned length of wire in the driven

Space
Between
Corners Is

7-13/16"

27' Above

Ground

50 Ohm
Coax

Figure L Construction of the Hula Loop, an /# MHz bidirectional three-element delta loop antenna.

32 73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1 994

element comes out to be "L" feet, then cut the
reflector according to 1.03 x L, and cut Lhe
director according to 0,97 x L. Both the re-
flector and director are then shaped into equi-
lateral triangles, and the director is nested in-
to the reflector using non-conductive material
(nylon line) ai the corners.

The reflector and director are closed para-
sitic loops; the driven element is open at its
bottom, One end of the wire connects to one
side of a 1:1 current baluu, the other wire end
to the other side of the balun. The quarter
wave of 75 ohm coax then connects (screws)
to the base of the balun, and its other end
joins to 50 ohm coax (thence back to lhe
shack) via a barrel connector. The balun is
not a necessity, but if not used, I suggest that
you wind and tape about six turns of coax
(roughly six inches in diameter), directly at
the feed point to act as an air-choke to RF,
This will help to decouple the coax braid
from the antenna to aid canceling RF1-TV1
causing currents on the coax braid. Whatever
method of putting power into the antenna is
used, seal all exposed conductors from the el-
ements, I use #12 stranded copper wire, PVC
covered, for the driven element, director, and
reflector, Be advised that the beginning
length around the driven element (1005/f
MHz = feet) probably won't work out quite
right due lo the detuning effects of not only
the diflector (a small effect at 0.16-wave
spacing), but primarily due to lhe particular

final antenna environment . . . proximity to
metal, wood, etc., and due to variation in
length from the formula (1005/0 because of
different wire gauges.

The driven element and the diflector are
hung vertically, using nylon line attached to
the upper corners. The driven feed point and
the bottom apex of the diflector are prevented
from swaying in the wind with light nylon
line tied off to low bushes or ground stakes.
As the figure shows, the Hula Loop is simply
constructed.

Results

On-the-air signal reports indicated the fol-
lowing: To the NE (US mainland and Eu-
rope) signal reports are about the same as
when the loop was configured as a conven-
tional two-element delta loop (driven and re-
flector), and 3 to 4 S-units stronger than the
commercial half-wave vertical (very nearly
the same coax line loss at 18.113 MHz, to
both antennas). To the SW (VK-ZL and
Africa), the conventional half-wave vertical
beat the two-element delta !oop by 1 to 1-1/2
S-units. but with the diflector in place, the
three-element Hula Loop is belter than the
vertical by 2 S-units.

I suspect 1 may have "lost" 1/2 to 1 dB eo
the NE with the Hula Loop, compared lo a
two-element delta loop, I now have a narrow-
er half- power beam width, but the gain "out
the back'' is startling.

In any event, with the Hula Loop I now put
more signal both NE and SW than ever be-
fore with a 3 dBd half- wave vertical or with a
conventional two-element delta loop.

All work was performed on the 17 meter
band, at 350 watts.

I encourage others to experiment with di-
rectors nested within reflectors to see the ef-
fect on forward and rearward gain, compared
to that of a conventional two-element loop
antenna, keeping all antennas at the same
height over the same ground. The flat-top of
my Hula Loop is at 27 feel which puts the
cenlroid of the triangles at about a third wave
> « . raising the top to perhaps 35 feet would
more nearly place the cancroids near half-
wave, with a resultant lowering of launch an-
gle, but such may not be possible in the forest
within which I work. In any experimentation
with the diflector concept, however, as many
variables must be eliminated from the prob-
lem. Conditions should be made the same lor
both the antenna under experimentation and
with the control antenna, to allow any differ-
ences between the test and control antennas
to become apparent.

Special thanks to Ron Turner KD6FZ, Del
Mar, California, and Tony Thomas ZL2ANT
and Jock Campbell ZLIACW of North Is-
land, New Zealand, for their help in extensive
on-the-air testing of the Hula Loop against
the two-clement delta loop and the commer-
cial half-wave vertical.

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73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1 994 33

Number 6 on your Feedback card

The Quad Charger

A constant current NiCd charger.

by Marion D. Kitchens K4GOK

Every ham I know uses NiCd batteries at
one time or another. "Nicads" arc nice,
but they pose the never-ending challenge of
keeping a charged set on hand. This often
requires keeping a number of various bat-
tery packs or individual cells in ready-to-use
condition. Most battery chargers are de-
signed for one particular size individual cell,
or for particular battery packs. It can be ago-
nizing to have the wrong battery pack on the
charger while the one needed is yet to be
charged,

Finding the correct charger or setting a
variable voltage charger to the proper volt-
age is an unnecessary hassle. A more useful
charger would allow for charging several
battery packs or individual cells simultane-
ously, and would accommodate battery pack
voltages ranging from one cell up to eight or
more cells; that is* K25 volts up to about 12
volts.

The Quad Charger described here was de-
signed and built to take the hassle out of us-
ing NiCds, The unit as described provides
charee rates for most common NiCds, and
provides several trickle charge rates too.
Since this unit provides a constant charge
current, the output voltage automatically ad-
justs to that necessary for the battery or pack
being charged, NiCds are charged based on
the amount of current and the duration
(time) that eunreni is injected into the NiCd,
so a constant current is a good way to charge
them.

The Quad Charger will charge up to four
different NiCd cells or battery packs at the
same time. It is easy to build via the PCB
layout provided, or via point-to-point wiring
on perf board. The circuit is straightforward
and without gimmicks or tricky adjustments.

I^V

[N OCT

LM317

AAAA

Power
Supply

Current = 1-25 I R

Figure /. LM3I7 as a constant current
source.

34 73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1994

Photo A, Finished Quad Charger

All pans are readily available from suppliers
such as Digi-Key,

Theory of Operation

The versatile LM317 voltage regulator is
readily usable as a constant current regulator
by simply connecting the IC to a resistor.
The LM317 is designed to maintain 1.25
volts between its output pin and its "adjust"
pin. The electronics within the IC will react
to assure that this condition exists at all
times (as long as it is physically possible).
That means you can put a resistor between
those two pins and the LM317 will deliver a
constant current through the resistor. The
current will then be regulated by the IC in
accord with Ohm's Law. All we have to do
is connect the desired load, in this case the
battery or pack to be charged, in series with
this constant current

Examine Figure 1. The voltage from the
supply is applied through the LM317,
through the resistor, and to the load. The in-
ternal circuitry of the LM317 maintains a
constant L25 volts across the resistor. If the
resistor is 125 ohms, the current will be 10
mA, Tf it is 12.5 ohms, the current will be
100 mAt Since the current in a series circuit
is the same in all parts of the circuit, the load
will also have a regulated, constant current.
The value of that current will be determined

by the value of the resistor

Note that the current Is independent of the
load. The current through a single 1 .25 volt
AA cell will be the same as that through a 9
volt battery pack. And to the obvious ques-
tion, yes, it is the same for a zero ohm load,
i.e. a short circuit. (A constant current supply

ON-&FF

Section
#1

Output

^N^

r ~

Power

Section

Sup
Inp

Output

Section

£ s

Output

LED J"

Section

OtftpuL

Figure 2, Quad Charger system schematic.

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73 Amateur Radio Today ■ January, 1994 35

•i

<*$,

_j^^

^^^r

'■A

— . __J •

Photo B, Resistors on foil side of PCS.

Photo C. LM3 1 7 mounting, showing off-set arrangement.

is pretty neat because a short across the out-
put is perfectly acceptable and causes no
harm!)

The LM317 requires a certain amount of
current in and of itself to operate. This is
identified as the ^quiescent" current in the
literature. The quiescent current flows from
the supply through the LM317, out of the
"adjust*" pin, and into the load Its value is
typically around 035 mAt and can be ne-
glected in most cases. If you want exact cur-
rents, however, you will have to account for
that current in any analysis or adjustment of
the circuit, Using pots In the circuit allows
for exact setting of the current, including ef-
fects of the LM317 quiescent current. Be-
cause of the quiescent current, the OFF posi-
tion of the rotary switches will result in a
small current in any connected load.

The LM317s must be able to dissipate the
heat generated when they are used in the
Quad Charger. The thermal "design point" is
reached when operating at the max i muni
supply voltage and maximum output current,
with the output shorted to ground. Assuming
a 13.8 volt supply and 150 mA, the maxi-
mum power the LM317 must dissipate as
heat is just under 2 watts. It requires a heat
sink to do that without overheating.

Figure 2 shows the system schematic of
the Quad Charger Figure 3 shows the de-
tailed schematic of one of the four identical
charger sections,

Construction

The Quad Charger is basically a simple
circuit, but with lots of connections. PCB
construction is recommended because of the
number of solder connections involved;
however, point- to- point wiring on perf board
is quite feasible. See Figure 4 for the PCB
layout and parts placement. The parts place-
ment drawing shows where the parts are lo-
cated on the PCB. The pots can be replaced
with fixed resistors if exact currents are not
required — see "Alternate Construction" be-
low.

It is good practice to buiid one portion of
the Quad Charger at a time. Install the pots

first. Trimmer pots R4, R5, and R6 have
fixed resistors in parallel. These resistors are
mounted on the solder side of the PCB. In-
stall the fixed resistors after installing the
pots*

Note the orientation of the four diodes,
and install them correctly. Observe polarity
when installing the eight tantalum capaci-

tors. Don't forget to install the jumper wire.

Make all the connections to the output
jacks and rotary control switches. If using
coaxial output jacks, make sure you match
the jacks and plugs. Many coaxial jacks and
plugs look alike but are not compatible.
Note that there is no connection to the first
(OFF) position of the control switches. The

Rl R2 R3

Constant

Current

Output

Figure 3, Quad Charger schematic (one of four identical sections).

Photo D. Assembled board.

36 73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1 994

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73 Amateur Radio Today

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CIRCLE 147 ON READER SERVICE CARD

73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1994 37

— i

LM317, 4 Places

■7

To Power Supply

2.2 M Tant
8 Places

O Q^

o q

1N4001
4 Places

NOTE: R4, 5, 6 Have Parallel
Resistors On Back Of Board

Output Jack

Typical Wiring, 4 Places

Select Switch

Figure 4. PCB layout (view from the component side), and parts placement.

OFF lug on these switches should therefore
ha ve no t h i ng con ncctcd .

Mount the LM3 1 7s to the board in a verti-
cal position, orienting them as shown in the
photos and parts placement drawing. Bend
the LM3 1 7 leads so that ihc mounting tabs
arc offset about 1/8" beyond the edge of the
PCB. The LM3I7s are used to mount the
PCB inside the cabinet. Solder the LM317s
to the PCB, mount the LM3\Ts to the heat
sink, and the PCB requires no further
mounting, A completed circuit board is
shown in Photo D.

The Parts List describes the components
used in the Quad Charger. It is important to
put the LM317 lCs on a good heat sink
(Photo E)+ Be sure to use insulators between
the LM3I7s and the heat sink. The LM317
mounting tabs must not make electrical con-
nection to the heat sink or to each other. If a
metal enclosure is used, the rear panel might
make a suitable heat sink. Photo E shows the
heat sink I used. It is considerably more than
adequate.

38 73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1 994

Alternate Construction

The recommended construction for the
Quad Charger is with pots for adjusting the
charge currents. However, since there is
nothing critical about charging NiCds with
an exact current, combinations of fixed re-
sistors can be substituted for the pots. Table
1 shows several combinations of fixed paral-
lel resistors that can be used* Any pair of re-
sistors from column A, B* or C can be used.
Select a pair that you have readily available.
The chart shows, for example, three possible
combinations (12/22, 15/20, 18/15) for R&
[The notation "12/22" means a 12 ohm re-
sistor in parallel with a 22 ohm resistor.]
Any of the pairs shown for R6 will produce
approximately 150 mA charge current, A
current variation of +f-\Q% from that recom-
mended will not be significant in charging
NiCds.

Because the quiescent current mentioned
above is a substantial part of 1 mA and
varies between individual LM317s# a bit of
trial, and error may be required to get a suit-

able set of fixed resistors at Rl. But since
this is a trickle charge setting, don't worry
about obtaining an exact current value.

There is nothing special about having four
sections to the Quad Charger. Any number
of charging sections can be constructed by
adding or deleting sections. Typically, a
builder will underestimate the need, so build
more than it now appears you will use. This
is a highly useful circuit; save yourself some
hassle and don't underestimate your needs.

Supply Voltage

Some notes are in order about the power
supply to be used with the Quad Charger.
Obviously a NiCd pack can't be charged
from a supply of lesser voltage. Further, the
LM317 requires about 3 volts across its ter-
minals for proper operation. So the mini-
mum supply voltage is that of the fully-
charged NiCd, plus 3 or more volts. There is
also an upper limit of 37 volts dictated by
the LM3I7. The LM317 is designed to han-
dle 1 .5 amps of current, so that is not a prob-

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Photo E. Heat sink used on Quad Charger.

lem in the Quad Charger circuit.

The supply voltage will be a determining
factor in the size of the necessary heat sink.
The lower the supply voltage the smaller the
required heat sink, and vice versa.

Checkout and Adjustment

After soldering all the components in
place, carefully check for solder bridges and
open connections. Check carefully at the
PCB where the connections to the switches
are made. Remove any solder bridges before
proceeding.

Set all the pots near their mid-range posi-
tion. The exact setting is not important, but

the pots should not be at zero ohms. Select
the 1 mA position for all the control switch-
es. Remove anything connected to the out-
put jacks. The LM3l7s should be mounted
to their heat sink to prevent excessive heat-
ing during checkout. Connect a 1 2 volt pow-
er supply to the Quad Charger through your
mA meter. The Quad Charger (without the
LED connected) should draw no current.
Note that the LED will draw about 10 mA if
used. Check for bad connections if the total
current is beyond that tor the LED+

Connect a 100 ohm resistor in series with
your mA meter and plug it in the output jack
of the first charger section, then immediately

Table 1. Some Useful Parallel Fixed Resistor Values

(All 1/4 Watt Resistors)

Charge Current

Resistor

Parallel Combinations

1 mA

2.2k

2.7k/6.8k

3.3k/4,7k

5 mA

270

330/1 -5k

470/680

15 mA

110/560

1 50/200

50 mA

27/330

33/100

47/51

100mA

15/68

22/27

150mA

10/47

15/18

"XX/YY" means parallel a resistor of XX ohms with one of YY ohms. A single number in a column means
use a single resistor of that value. Select any combination from column A 8, or C.

IC-1

C1,C2

Parts List
(For One of Four Identical Sections)

LM317T
2.2 jjF tant.
1N4001 or simitar
5k pot

500 ohm pot
100 ohm pot

500 ohm pot paralleled with 27 ohm resistor
100 ohm pot paralleled with 15 ohm resistor
100 ohnn pot paralleled with 10 ohm resistor

Note: All pots are Bourns series 3006P or similar

Output jack and plug of builder's choice

Rotary switch, 12 positions, one pole (seven positions used)

Srngle items needed for the entire Quad Charger:

ON/OFF switch, SPST

LED and 1 k resistor

PCB or pert board, cabinet, etc.
Drilled and etched PC boards are available from FAR Circuits, 18N640 Field CL, Dundee IL 60118, for
$6.50 plus $1. 50 S&H.
See Table 1 for alternate construction parts.

note the meter reading. It should not be
more than a few mA. Adjust R1 until the
meter reads 1 mA. Switch to the 5 mA posi-
tion and adjust R2 for a 5 mA reading on the
meter, Adjust R3 and R4 For 15 mA and 50
mA respectively at the appropriate switch
positions. With the switch set in the 50 mA
position, short across the 100 ohm resistor to
verify that the current remains at 50 mA
with and without the resistor in the circuit
Remove the 100 ohm resistor, and adjust R5
and R6 for 100 mA and 150 mA with the
switch in the respective positions.

Repeat this procedure for each of the re-
maining three sections.

Check the LM317s for any signs of exces-
sive heating during and after the above ad-
justments; they should stay cool enough to
touch comfortably. As a final check of the
heat sink size, put a short across all four out-
put jacks and set all four switches for 150
mA. Check the temperature of the LM317s,
If they get too hot to touch comfortably, a
more capable heat sink is required. A rea-
sonable way to estimate temperature is to re-
member that your body (finger) temperature
is about 98 degrees F, and that 105-1 10 de-
grees feels warm to the touch, A temperature
of about 120-130 degrees is too hot for me
to touch comfortably for very long.

When your Quad Charger checks out OK
as described above, it is ready to use!

Conclusion

The Quad Charger has been in use at this
QTH for a couple of years. It has proven
highly useful, and is in daily use. It saves a
good bit of hassle and concern, and provides
a set of charged NiCds any time they are
needed.

Rules of Thumb for
Charging NiCds

The recommended charge current is
usually indicated on the pack or cell in
question, along with the recommended
charge time. If not, there are some reason-
able rules of thumb for charging a NiCd.
Charge a NiCd (pack or individual cell) at
a rate in mA that is equal to 1/10 the value
of the NiCd rating in mA/hr. For example,
a 500 mA/hr. NiCd should be charged at
50 mA, NiCds require a total charge ener-
gy input equal about 1.5 times their
mA/hr, rating. That means a NiCd should
be charged at the "rule of thumbT> rate for
15 hours. To recap, a NiCd should be
charged at 1/10 its mA/hr, value for 15
hours.

Most AA size NiCds should be charged
at 50 mA for 12 to 15 hours. Most C size
NiCds, and many D si2e NiCds, should be
charged for 18-20 hours at 100 mA, Qr
charge the C and D size NiCds for 12-15
hours at 150 mA. A 9 volt "transistor"
size NiCd should typically be charged at
10-15 mA for 12-15 hours.

1 trickle charge A A size NiCds at I mA
and C and D size NiCds at 5 mA.

40 73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1 994

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73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1994 41

73 Review

Number 8 on your Feedback card

by Joseph J. Carr K4IPV

EASY-PC Printed Circuit
Layout Software

Want to get into computer-aided design (CAD)?

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For more than a quarter of a century (!) I've been
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schematics, laid out a couple score or two of print-
ed circuits, and used up about 40 tons of those
green "engineer's sketch paper pads" in the pro-
cess. Now that I own a killer 486 computer, I decid-
ed to buy several software packages to make my
technical writing easier and to help me do the
schematics and PCS layouts (especially since one
of my book publishers occasionally uses my origi-
nal artwork * . , which isn't all that good).

I bought several software packages recently, but
the one that I like a lot for laying out printed circuit
boards is Easy-PC from Number One Systems,
Ltd. (Harding Way, St. Ives, Huntington, Cambs.,
England, PE17 4WR, By the time this is published
you will be able to contact the company via Ms,
Sandy Bell, 1795 Granger Avenue, Los Altos, CA
94024: telephone 415-968-9306), at a cost of
$195.

Features

EASY-PC is a very capable CAD program that
rivals many professional packages in its built-in
features, Indeed, although a professional version is
available at extra cost, a large number of commer-
cial or professional users will be able to use the
EASY-PC version that I tested, It certainly meets
my needs quite wefJ,

EASY-PC will accommodate PCS sizes up to
17" x 17" (43 cm x 43 cm), and permits up to 1r500
ICs per board, It also allows up to 5,000 printed

tracks with up to 12,000 track segments, and 4,000
connection pads per board, Those numbers add up
to some pretty large boards, especially for amateur

radio projects, The tracks can be laid down in
widths from 0002 to more than 0.5 inches (see
Figure 1), while pads are available in the same
sizes (up to 16 pad sizes are defined— see Figure
2A). There are also a number of PCB pad variants
available, and these are shown in Figure 2B. There
is a symbol set (Figure 3 shows a small sample)
that can also be used on the PCB. The symbols
are used to establish s pacings between parts, and
to create the top-of-board silk-screen pattern.

Most amateurs are familiar with single-layer
PCBs (i.e. those with printed wiring on the bottom
side) and double-sided PCBs (i.e. those with wiring
on both sides of the card). It is frequently the case
that the top layer is used for ground planes and/or
DC distribution, along with the silk-screened com-
ponent layouts. Advanced PCBs are multi-layered,
and EASY-PC allows up to 10-layer designs. Eight
of the layers are used for pad and track layouts,
while the top layer (denoted "layer 0") is used for
component overlay symbols and text information.
The bottom layer ("layer 9") is typically used for
text. One interesting feature of this layer is that it
can be flipped to mirror image so thai the text let*
ters and numbers will appear correctly in the manu-
factured board.

When viewed on the screen of your computer's
color monitor, the various layers can be rendered in
different colors. Pads appear as white on a black
background, while tracks are in red. When you go

to a different layer, then a third color can be select-
ed. That approach allows you to see the entire cir-
cuit, while keeping the various layers separated in
your mind. When printing out the design on paper,
either all tracks at once or (ust the layers of interest
can be printed.

Getting Started

EASY*PC comes with 3.5" diskettes (5,25H on
request), and installs easily. No one who has ever
installed a modern program into a personal com-
puter will have even the slightest difficulty in in-
stalling EASY-PC. If you do have a problem, the In-
structions are given in clear language in the manu-
al, in any event.

The manual includes a tutorial that can take an
hour or two to complete. Like many an impatient
fellow, ] attempted to skip over the tutorial and
jump right into the program. Dumb, Take the time
to work your way through the tutorial. It shows you
in great detail how to work the program, and once
you've gained that bit of empowerment a lot of oth-
er tasks can be figured out.

A mouse is highly recommended for EASY-PC,
but the arrow keys will move the cursor for those
who don't have a mouse. Operations within the
program are selected from menus on the screen.
When you first initialize the program at each ses-
sion you will get a main menu that asks whether
you want to design a PCB layout, design a
schematic, or return to DOS. Once an option is se-
lected the screen changes, and three small
squares appear along the top of the monitor

Figure 1. Track widths available on EASY-PC.
42 73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1 994

Figure 2. A) Pad widths available on EASY-PC; B) Pad variants available,

Figure 3, Symbols.

screen. Each of these squares is a trigger that
turns on a pull-down menu (Left, Center and
Right).

When you first enter The PCB layout screen, the
background is black and there will be a white
square En the center, taking up about a third of the
screen area; the menu trigger boxes are along the
top of the screen, This white square represents the
17" X tf" area of the largest size board that the
program will accommodate. It is far too large an
area to work in effectively, so you can use the
Right Menu to find a "Zoom" function. Jf you click
on the Zoom function, and then move the cursor to
a point within the white square, the program magni-

fies the region so that
the cursor-selected point
is in the middle of the
screen.

There are seven lev-
els of magnification
(ZMl through ZM7)T and
these can be selected by
pressing a number key
immediately after click-
ing the mouse to posi-
tion the cursor For ex-
ample, from the first lev-
el ZM7. a single zoom
operation takes you to
level ZM6, but if immediately after arriving at ZM6
you press *3" the screen jumps to 2M3. The high-
est level, ZM7, is the initial opening screen and
represents the 17* X 17" total area, with each less-
er number (ZM1-ZM6) representing a magnified
view of a smaller area. Level ZM4 is close to life-
sized, but is not exact, I found that level ZM3 was
the most congenial to work in for the kind of circuits
that t do. If you design a very sparse board t then a
lesser magnification can he accommodated (e.g,
ZM4/ZM5), but if a really dense board is being de-
signed, ZM1 or 2M2 might he appropnate. The ad-
jacent levels appear to have a relationship of about
2:1 to each other

On all zoom levels oilier than ZM7 there is a
*Gnd* option that can be selected from the Right
Menu. This option is highly recommended. It over-
lays a grid of dots to permit you to locate compo-
nents properly and measure lenglhs. In the ZM6
level the dots represent distances of 1" each, while
in my favorite ZM3 layer a 0.100" dot grid appears.
Note that the 0.100 spacing is a standard, espe-
cially on digital components. The pins on a DIP IC
package, for example, are 0,100" apart.

When working at a magnified level (below ZM7),
even a moderate-sized board might not fit entirely
onto Ihe screen at one time. EASY-PC accommo-
dates this difficulty quite nicely by having a "Pan*
op Iron selectable from the Right Menu. Select Pan,
and then place the cursor at the spot on the PCB
that you want to appear in the center of me screen,
On larger boards, a move from one extreme edge
to the other may take a couple of successive selec-
tions in the higher magnification levels of zoom.
This problem can be rectified by using the "Un-
zoom" feature to temporarily go to a higher level.
When you again Zoom into the working level, the
selected area will be centered on the screen There
seems to be no difficulty in zooming and unzoom-
ing.

I found the ability to pan and zip between zoom
levels very useful for initially laying out the board.
In one application I knew J needed a board that

(A)

(B)

Figure 4. A) JFET preamplifier PCB i designed; 8) Complex board from the tutorial package of BASY-PC.

73 Amateur Radio Today January, 1994 43

■

^7w

Figure 5. Schematic circuit symbols.

was 2* X 3" because it had lo lit into an existing
space. By selecting ZM6> turning on the f gnd pat-
tern, I was able to lay out the ground tracks around
the edge ol the board. That little job not only en-
sured that the tracks would be there when needed,
but also defined the limits where I could work when
the display was zoomed back to ZM3

Figure 4A shows a printed circuit layout that I
designed lor a push-pull JFET RF amplifier. This
design took me about an hour because it was the
first time I tried anything other than the tutorial. I
am quite pleased with Ihe result, and a redesign

(made to accommodate a different RF transformer
component) took only 20 minutes As I gain skill, I
expect the layout times to be reduced considerably
Like any skill. PCB layout is sensitive to dorng it for
a while. Figure 4B shows a complex, multilayer
PCB that is part of the tutonal package in EASY-
PC. In this printout all layers are shown at once.
The printing menu will permit each layer to be print-
ed separately,

Printout

Having a PCB layout on a computer screen is

not terribly useful unless it can be transferred lo a
neat board EASY- PC aJlows the design to be print*
ed out on either 9-pin or 24-pin *IBM graphics com-
patible" printers (which includes about all of them
sold today), a plotter (which few amateurs have
available), or laser or ink -jet printer. Specifically
supported are laser (etc.) printers thai will respond
to the Hewlett-Packard Laserjet II and Laserjet III
formats. My Laserjet 111 had no difficulty handling
the graphics, even though it contains only about
half the memory that the machine wiil hold.

Laser printer printouts are done through a utility

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44 73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1 994

Figure 6. Sample schematic made using EASY-PC.

program that comes with EASY-PC: EASY-LASE.
To print a layout, quit EASY- PC and return to me
DOS prompt and type in "EASYLASE." The printing
program screen will pop up with a number of selec-
tions, Something to note for USA purchasers is that
British paper sizes are different from American pa-
per sizes, so first off change the paper sire to 8,5 x
11t or 8.5 x 14, depending on which you use. My
version of EASY- PC came set to something called
"A4" paper, which I assume is some British or Eu-
ropean standard paper size.

Another trick I learned is to always press tlK* to

center the trace, although for your use this may not
be needed. Otherwise, the trace will appear along
the upper right-hand edge of the paper. This posi-
tioning would be OK if you are cutting it out and us-
ing it directly, but it doesn't easily accommodate
the size needed for the printed circuit contact expo-
sure frame that came with a PCB-maktng kit I
bought.

Schematic Diagrams

One of the other design layout capabilities that
EASY- PC offers is a schematic drawing option. You

can draw some rather complex schematic draw-
ings, and then print them out on a laser printer that
makes them look "just like downtown/ A symbols
library is available, containing the most commonly
used symbols. In addition, the program allows you
to design your own symbols and add them to the li-
brary. Each symbol is given a file name that is used
to call it into play. For example, "FT produces a re-
sistor on the screen, while HL" and "C1* invoke in-
ductor and capacitor symbols, respectively; "XTAL"
is the crystal symbol. Figure 5 shows some of the
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readers will be mildly disconcerted by the Euro-
pean look of some of the symbols. For example, in
Figure 5 the rectangle with axial leads is what you
get when a resistor ("FT) is selected, Figure 6
shows a Eow-pass filter schematic done on EASY-
PC.

Suggestions

There are no serious criticisms to make regard-
ing EASY-PC. I found it quite capable, and easy to
learn. Even a computer dyslexic will find EASY-PC
congenial, and for the Nintendo generation of
users, hey!, it's duck soup. But there are a few nit
noids to pick on, and since a reviewer is not doing
his job if nothing naughty is reported . , . well, you
get the picture. 1 have to grouse about something,
or Iff lose my "Curmudgeon License/

Njt-Noid #1. The manual is a bit short in some of
the instructions on how to do certain options. This
appears to be the resutt of some we 1 1 -qualified user
forgetting us poor slobs who never saw the pro-
gram before. One problem that I had was in the
need to Llfix1h the location of pads and tracks. When
you select "New Pad" from the Left Menu, and then
move the cursor to where the pad is to be located,
clicking the left mouse button places the pad at that
point. Howeverr moving the mouse to another loca-
tion and then clicking again causes the pad to sud-
denly jump to the new location. This is a great fea-
ture for editing and correcting mistakes, but it's ter-
ribly disconcerting at first. What seemed to be
poorly described is the need for a second operation
to fix the location: Click the right mouse button. It is
described in the manual, but J failed to pick it up
first go around.

Nit-noid #2, The symbols libraries in both the
PCB and schematic selections reflect a digital view

of the world — lots of digital ICs, but only a few Jin-
ear devices. While there are standard transistor
symbols in both PCB and schematic portions, one
does not see RF transistors or RF and other ana-
log integrated circuits (e.g. the Signetics NE-602
device or the MC-1350P device). I would like to
see both in future libraries.

Recommendations for Improvement

It appears the Number One Systems, Ltd. is

committed to continuously improving their product
(Dr. Deming and the Total Quality Management
crowd will be delighted to hear), so I hope they will
take into consideration some improvements.

First, figure out how Heathkit wrote kit-building
manuals, and then use the knowledge as a model
on how to rewrite the EASY- PC manual. This is not
a slam on Number One Systems in particular but
reflects the fact that nearly the entire software in-
dustry seems to use qualified experts to test drive
their "beta'' versions prior to releasing to the pubEia

Second, now that they are moving into the
USA/Canada market, create a set of libraries that
reflect the symbols used in North America. Keep
the European standard symbols, but add, even at a
"priced-extra'1 option, the symbols we use over
here.

Third recognize RF and linear devices in the
schematic package, I understand that they are
working on these library options, and I want to be
among the first to gel my copy! After allT when I'm
not working on RF projects I tend to be noodfing
about with op amps and other linear ICs.

Fourth, write a brief tutorial for the uninitiated on
what a printed circuit board ought to look like. Real-
ly] I mean, it A very useful thing for the neophyte is
some guidance on the sizes of tracks and pads,

layouts, how close items can come to each other
and other general knowledge that otherwise comes
through experience, A little canned experience,
learning from the wisdom of others, goes a long
way for those smart enough to take advantage of It.

Other Products

Number One Systems offers other products in
addition to the printed circuit layout software; an
analog circuits analysis program, a digftal logic
analysis program , and a Smith Chart analysts pro-
gram. I haven't reviewed these products so I can't
comment on them, but if they are as good as
EASY-PC, then they are probably a good bet. Con-
tact the company at either the England or Califor-
nia addresses for details on these programs.

Conclusion

EASY-PC is a very capabler but low-cost, print-
ed circuit design and schematic drawing package
that will accommodate amateur users quite nicely.
It prints out on ordinary dot matrix and laser print-
ers, so it doesn't require an expensive collateral in-
vestment in plotters. Yet, for the professional user,
it allows the use of plotters. It will also create the
data file needed for automatic "numerical control"
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greater capability in the commonly used products
would be in the $1,800 price range, EASY-PC will
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for those who need more, give the "professional"
version a try , . , it's cheaper than many other pro-
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46 73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1994

Ham help

Number 29 on your Feedback card

We are happy to provide Ham Help listings free on a space available basis To make
our job easier and to ensure that your listing is correct, please type or print your re-
quest clearly, double spaced, on a full (8 1/2' x It') sheet of paper. You may also up*
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Specifically mention that your message is for Jfte Ham Help Column. Please remem-
ber to acknowledge responses to your requests. Thank you for your cooperation.

I recently acquired a satellite dish,
and I'm trying to gel set up so I can re-
ceive the NASA Select Video feeds, i
have a receiver that needs wofk. but I
have no documentation on it. Any help
obtaining documentation lor the follow-
ing Hems would be appreciated: LUXOR
Mode* 9540 Satellite receiver; LUXOR
Model 9534 Antenna Actuator (Position-
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73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1 994 47

73 Review

Number 9 on your Feedback card

by Gordon West WB6N0A

The Radio Doctor

"Fix it and run it" videos.

y™ Ham Repair

c/o Milton Lord N4DA
710 league Drive
KennesawGA30144
Telephone: (404) 422-1415; (800) 788*1416

Price Class: $19.95-$39.95

Until now, we haven't seen much interest
in video training cassettes for amateur
radio. Our hobby seems to be too technical
for complex matters to be digested in 78 min-
utes of mylar While there have been at-
tempts to offer videos to go from Novice
through Extra in just 55 minutes of instruc-
tion, or to fully understand how to assemble
a KT-34-XA step-by- step in just 68 minutes
of tapeP it's just not going to happen in detail.
Hams know that, and that's why you don't
see video titles for every subject of ham ra-
dio popping up in full-page ads.

That was until "The Radio Doctor radio
maintenance videos caught my attention, I
regularly work on amateur radio equipment
and I would love to see a video that could
give some inside hints on working on these
specific radio transceivers:

Kenwood TS^850S

Yaesu FT-757

Kenwood TS-430S

Kenwood TS-440S

Kenwood TS-830S

Kenwood TS-930S

Several "Understanding and Assembling"
Videos

I ordered a good selection of these videos,
having no idea what I was going to get or
what quality had gone into their production. I
didn't have to wait long — the order was pro*
cessed within 12 hours of when they re-
ceived my check, and the videos arrived
packed in a secure carton with not-so-fancy
graphics on the outside.

I popped in the Yaesu FT-757 77 -minute
repair and tune-up video and endured the
first minute of FBI copyright warnings,
canned music, and the introduction by "The
Radio Doctor," Milton Lord N4DA, a licensed
ham for over a quarter century with 20 years
of experience in designing and servicing RF
communications equipment. I became more
intrigued by his iow-key, friendly style of talk-
ing, about how "we" were going to open up
the Yaesu and go into deep surgery.

Milton's son shoots the video over his
dad's shoulder, using excellent lighting and
professional video techniques. We systemati-
cally back out the screws to the equipment,
catch some unique hints on how to pull the
covers and get into the insides of the set,
and then proceed to completely tear down
the front panel to gain access to the heart of

48 73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1 994

any problem that he is going to show us how
to repair. The close-ups put you right there
on the end of your tiny screwdriver — you
can almost smell the solder cooking as "The
Radio Doctor pulls wires off the printed rir-
curt board with the skill of an operating room
surgeon.

His same unhurried, sincere technique in
talking us through the repair and alignment
of Kenwood radios was found on each of the
other video tapes, The 72-minute Kenwood
TS-940S finally gave me the definitive repair
to cure PLL unlock, or a failure of the power
supply, or a failure of the internal antenna
coupler.

"Seventy-five percent of the problems oc-
curring on the Kenwood TS-940S can be re-
paired using this video on your own test
bench," comments Milton Lord. 1 also show
you alignment procedures, frequency calibra-
tion techniques much easier than what is de-
scribed in the service manual, and power
output modifications, as well as out-of-band
transmit mods for the MARS operator"

And Lord knows what he's doing — you see
every step in disassembling and reassem-
bling printed circuit boards, and he gives you
valuable hrnts on how to keep from acciden-
tally ripping out solder traces, or inadvertent-
ly shorting something out when you acciden-
tally lay the fold-out board down incorrectly.

After screening
all of his videos, in-
cluding a powerful
set of tapes that de-
scribe how to tune
up a kilowatt ampli-
fier, how to pull
packet RX out of
most mobile 2 me-
ter transceivers,
and why the proper
ALC settings are
important to good
linearity, I was con*
vinced we really
have someone sin-
cere about produc-
ing good videos for
getting things done,
as opposed to sim-
ply a lot of videos to
turn a quick buck.
He works on these
rigs on a daily basis

and you can tell it by watching his tech-
niques.

About the only mistake I could find in his
dialogue was once when he referred to cali-
brating a piece of equipment thai would zero
beat WWV only when the frequency read
10.000.030 on the display. He described this
as being 30 Hz high, when actually the radio
is 30 Hz low in calibration, requiring the 30
Hz high offset for proper zero beat. Other
than that, his dialogue is on the nose.

I phoned the technical types at Kenwood.
Yaesu, and ICOM, and all three manufactur-
ers agreed that Milton Lord has provided
knowledgeable amateur radio operators a
teaching tool that they have not had before.
But all three companies urged the amateur
operator to go no further in their radio
surgery than their individual skill level in truly
understanding what the problem and solution
might be. But for actual "hands-on" tech-
nique, "Dr. Radio" shows you some tricks not
found in ihe big technical service manuals.

"More videos on the newer sets are com-
ing out as we speak," says Lord. For an up-
to-date list on his ham radio repair videos,
phone (404) 422-1415. I think you will be as
impressed as I was with his sincerity and
non-frantic detailed approach to learning how
ham radios play and what happens when
you need to fix them yourself.

Photo A. There are plenty of close-up shots on the Radio Doctor
Videos.

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Number 10 on your Feedback card

Andy MacAfiistef WA5ZIB
14714 Knights Way Drive
Houston TX 77033

The AMSAT Annual Meeting

The 1993 AMSAT Annual Meeting
and Space Symposium was held Oc-
tober 3-10, 1993. in Arlington, Texas,
Over 170 sate Kite enthusiasts listened
to dozens of presentations, examined
satellite models and antennas on dis-
play, and made hamsat and moon-
bounce contacts using antenna arrays
set up outside the convention hotel.
For all participants it was a tantastic
weekend. With Ihe launch of more
new hamsats on an Ahane rocket only
two weeks earlier, spirits were high.

Friday

Although activities al the sympo-
sium began on Thursday with a tour of
electronic surplus stores in the Dal-
las/Fort Worth area, the paper presen-
tations started Friday afternoon follow-
ing a morning of antenna- test -range
activity hosted by Kent Britain
WA5VJB, Kent also gave a Friday talk
on the use of metaJ booms lo support
amateur satellite antennas.

Rosalie White WA1STO of the
American Radio Relay League got
things started Friday afternoon with an
ARRL/AMSAT educational workshop.
Concurrent presentations Included a
Status report on ihe SEDSAT-1 pro-
gram by Dennis Wingo KD4ETA.
SEDSAT is a microsat-class satellite
that will be flying as a secondary pay-
load as part of NASA's Small Expend-
able Deployer System (SEDS). It will
be placed in a circular orbit at 730 km
attitude with a 39-degree inclination.
SEDSAT will carry several scientific
and amateur- radio experiments. The
main purpose of the satellite is to test
the dynamics of tethered satellites
and remote sensing,

AMSAT President Emeritus Dr.
Tom Clark W3IWI discussed the sta-
tus of UNAMSAT from the Au-
tonomous University ol Mexico. David
Libemwi XE1TU could not attend to
present the paper smce the launch of
UNAMSAT will be very soon, ft is

Amateur Radio Via Satellites

scheduled to ride to orbit on a con-
verted Russian ICBM early in 1994.

Lyle Johnson WA7GXD talked to
the group about ITAMSAT*AP now
known as ITAM SAT-OSCAR- 26.
AMSAT- Italy Vice President of Engi-
neen'ng Alberto Zagni I2KBD could
not attend the symposium due to
ground control activities relating !o the
new Italian satellite. t-O-26 is in orbit
and fully operational. It is based on
the standard miorosat structure but
has advanced features and modifica-
tions. Last month's column gives more
details.

Other Friday papers included those
by Jetl Wallach N5ITU concerning
high- resolution weather satellites, Dan
Schultz on the Hubble Space Tele-
scope service mission and a Shuttle
Amateur Radio Experiment talk by
Lou McFadin W5D1D. Lou explained
SAREX from a pay load point of view.
Friday evening included a trip to the
Fori Worth stockyards cultural district
and local cuisine.

Saturday

Activities began in earnest at B
a,m.+ AMSAT President Bill Tynan
W3XO gave an official welcome to the
symposium participants and intro-
duced the first speaker AMSAT Vice
President of Engineering Dick Jans-
son WD4FAB, Dick gave a detailed
description of the structural design of
the new Phase-3-D spacecraft. Dick
has produced countless engineering
drawings for the construction of this
new hamsat. His presentation was en-
hanced by many slides showing the
design endeavors and sights in Get*
many where simultaneous engineer-
ing efforts are underway. Symposium
participants were given the opportuni-
ty lo ask Dick questions relating to the
many challenges encountered in the
project.

Peter Gulzow DB20S of AMSAT*
Germany followed with a narrative on
the many electronic packages to be
flown on Phase-3-CL This ambitious
muiti- mill ion-dollar satellite will cany
an array of receivers from 1 45 MHz to
5.6 GHz and transmitters from 29

Photo A. Quarter-scale model of the Phase-3-D spacecraft on display at the
AMSAT-NA Eleventh Space Symposium and General Meeting; October 8*10,
1993. in Arlington, Texas.

MHz through to, 4 GHz. Several non-
radio payloads are also under con-
struction, including an atomic clock, a
Global Positioning System (GPS) nav~
igation experiment, radiation sensors,
and a group of three Charged Cou-
pled Device (CCD) cameras to pro-
vide pictures from the earth and plan-
ets in true color via the Gorman digital
communications unit. The proposed
orbit is to be highly elliptical, similar lo
that of AMSAT-OSCAR-13.

After a short break, Stan Wood
WA4NFY presented a design review
of the antenna systems to support the
many radio modules carried on
Phase-3-D. Ranging from a two-ele-
ment ,lZL-speclar beam for 29 MHz to
exotic patch antennas and dishes for
the microwave bands, P-3-D will be
covered with antennas.

Tom Clark W3IW1 came to the pool-
urn again, this time to describe the in-
ner workings of GPS and how It will
be used on P-3-D. Several carefuily-
positioned GPS antennas will be
needed on the satellite's surface to
provide location and satellite orienta-
tion data. Tom also discussed terres-
trial uses and equipment enhance-
ments to allow better locating accura-
cy now available to experimenters and
prospective users of GPS lech no logy.

AMSAT Vice President of Manned
Spacecraft Operations Frank Bauer
KA3H0O provided insight on the sta-
tus of SAREX and future missions.
True to his predictions at the confer-
ence, the STS-58 flight of the Shuttle

Columbia was extremely successful
both for school contacts with the as-
tronaut-hams and for the general am-
ateur radio community via general
voice QSOs and packet connects with
the SAREX Robot. Frank also ex-
plained the purpose of the SAREX
working group that manages the day-
to-day activities and provides guid-
ance and direction for the program. In
addition, he explained AMSATs par-
ticipation and how school groups are
coordinated.

James Miller G3RUH made his first
trip to North America to present his
paper on "Managing OSCAR-13."
James spends at least two hours each
day collecting A-O-13 telemetry and
determining the best operating sched-
ule and satellite orientation. He and
the other ground control stations are
responsible for positioning the satellite
to keep the batteries in good condi-
tion, James has been responsible for
many hamsat advances over the
years, including the first PSK kit tor
use with Fuji-OSCAR-12k a 400-baud
PSK demodulator for AO-13 teleme-
try and a 9600 baud modem for use
with the newer, high-speed digital
satellites.

Ed Krome KA9LNV gave a report
on his efforts to develop a truly
portable Mode "S" (2P4 GHz receive)
ground station. Ed's small dish, made
of screen mesh, wooden dowels
and cord was quite a hit at the sympo-
sium. Ed also described his ventures
with single-conversion receivers for

Photo B, One of the satellite antenna systems set up for OSCAR operation during
the AMSAVNA symposium.

50 73 Amateur Radio Today * January, 1 094

Photo C Doug Howard KG50A attempts a contact with VE30NT via the moon
during the AMSAT symposium weekend.

Photo D. Ed Krome KA9LNV demon-
strated his portable 2.4 GHz receive
system for Mode "S" via OSCAR-13.

microwave reception.

Jim While WDOE discussed efforts
10 bring the DOVE satellite back on-
line He has been working with Bill
McCaa KORZ and Bob Dtersing
N5AHD (o uplink new software to the
satellite. Significant progress has
been achieved by the learn since the
symposium weekend. Packet teleme-
try output has been enabied and digi-
tal voice transmissions are expected
to follow.

Barrel Emerson AA7FV presented
his findings on digital processing of
weak signals buried in the noise. Us-
ing only a modest antenna system,
Darrel has copied signals sent via
A-O-13 30 dB below the signal level of
the satellite's telemetry beacon. Using
receiver filtering and tape-recordings
thai sound more like noise, he has an-
alyzed the dala using a sound-blaster-

type board in a PC to literally extract
information from the random back-
ground. The process was quite in-
volved but yielded results and his de-
scription delighted the symposium at-
tendees. Darrel has gone on to try his
hand at other weak-signal detection
experiments

Other Saturday talks included
those by Greg Jones WDSIVD con-
cerning the join! TA PR/A MS AT DSP
program. Bob Argyfe KB7KCL on the
status of the WEBERSAT project, and
Brad Reed on commercial solar arrays
for satellites. The long day concluded
with a question and answer session
with the AM SAT Board of Directors, a
dinner banquet followed by a fine
speech from AMSAT-UK Secretary
Ron Broadbent G3AAJ, then the
recognition awards and prize draw-
ings.

Sunday

Following the Field Operations
Breakfast at 7 a.m.. the talks began
again with AMSAT-LU (Argentina)
Vice President Gustavo Carpignano
LW2DTZ and his summary of the
Voice Experiment Satellite (VOXSAT)
program. With one very functional
satellite already in orbit, the Argentina
group is working to get another ready
for orbit

More papers were presented
throughout the morning on topics
ranging from microsat ground stations
to the efforts in Sweden to develop a
satellite education program. At the
same lime, the AM SAT Board of Di-
rectors meeting began.

Bill Tynan coordinated the board
meeting which lasted through rn id-
Monday wtlh a few breaks for food
and sleep. The agenda covered many
items including publications, SAREX,
the DSP project status, long-range
planning, commercial relationships,
new satellites, and the budget.
AMSAT has a significant challenge
ahead to pay its part of P-3-D and still
maintain its many other activities.
Work on fund raising will continue to
dominate AMSATs operations "til
launch in late 1996.

Photo £. Ed Kmtne KA9LNV at home with the three- foot dish for SS3 reception
using OSCAR-13 and his 15-inch "WOK' reflector for successful CW reception
via 2 A GHz, Mode ~S. ' (KA9LNV photo.)

The North Texas AMSAT group did
a great job coordinating the AMSAT
Space Symposium and General Meet-
ing in 1993. Orlando, Florida, is the
site for the 1994 meeting, it is sure to
be a fascinating event since many of
the key mechanical parts for Phase-3-
D will be there for participants to see-
Copies of the Proceedings pt the
symposium are available from AMSAT
Or the ARRL The book is 8-1/2" by
11". nearly 300 pages, and softbound.
It's well worth the cover price of $12.
AMSAT can be contacted at 1-213-
569-6062 for details on shipping
charges.

Straight Key Night

For many years the ARRL has
sponsored Straight Key Night [SKN)
on New Year's Eve and New Year's
Day. In 1972 a group ol satellite

chasers decided to try their hand at
some straight key CW via OSCAR-6
during SKN. The idea caught on and
the tradition has been maintained
whenever there has been a satellite
available for the event.

AMSAT Executive Vice President
Ray So iter W2RS invites interested
satellite operators to participate in the
22nd annual SKN via OSCAR. He re*
ports that there are no rules, no scor-
ing and no need to send in a log. Just
cat! CO SKN in the CW passband
segment of an OSCAR between 0000
and 2359 UTC on January 1 , 1994, or
answer a CQ SKN call Irorn another
station. Contacts via the moon also
count. Nominations for best "fist" can
be sent to W2RS @ WA2SNA,NJ,
USA.NA via packet, or toW2RS@AM-
SAT.ORG vJa the Internet You can
also use his Caithook address.

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73 Amateur Radio Today * January, 1994 51

Rtty loop

Number 11 on your Feedback card

Marc I Leavey M.G, WA3AJR
6 Jenny Lane
Baltimore MD 21208

Happy New Year! As we begirt
1994. tet's cuddle up by the fire with
some tetters and see what you all
have to say.

The OS-9

Daniel P. Lindsley N5AGG of BathH
Maine, writes regarding a reference to
OS-9 in the September 1993 column.
He has worked with Motorola 6800s
for some time and has never heard of
it, and wonders just what it is.

Well Daniel, as you are aware, a
microprocessor is just a chip until
some program tells i Ho do something.
In most general purpose computers, a
supervisory program, called an Oper-
ating System, handles the tasks of in-
put/output (I/O), communicating with
storage devices, memory, arid the
tike. In the case of the currently popu-
lar Intel -based systems, the supervi-
sory program is the Microsoft Disk
Operating System, or MS-DOS. in the
dim Dark Ages of eight-bit (or. shud-

Amateur Radio Teletype

der. four-bit) computing, we often
called it a "monitor* program, and
each chip had its own. A common
program to run the Motorola 6S00 was
the MIKBUG program, distributed by
Motorola. A bit later came SWTBliG,
from Southwest Technical Products,
and other simple monitors.

With the introduction of the 6809
CPU. Motorola and Microware Sys-
tems Corporation got together and
modeled an operating system based
on UNIX, which had been pioneered
at BeH Laboratories, Much of what
OS -9 encompassed, while familiar to
us now, was at the cutting edge of in-
novation in the early 19B0s. A system
composed of a kernel, unified
input/output system, and device
drivers characterized OS -9, and al-
lowed it to implement a multi-user,
multitasking operating system while
Intel chips were just starting to access
hard drives.

One of the primary marketing
strongholds at the time was the Tandy
Corporation which, through i!s Radio
Shack stores, had introduced (he

Tandy Color Computer based on the
6809 chip. By porting OS-9 to the Col-
or Computer. Tandy spawned a cot-
tage industry of add-on products, in-
cluding displays, storage devices, and
other accessories, that vastly expand-
ed the capacity of what would other*
wise be a simple little computer. Un-
fortunately. OS-9 suffered from one
centra] flaw: lack of software support
While basic programs, such as word
processors, spreadsheets, and
games, were available for OS-9 sys-
terns, the rapid growth of the MS-DOS
system at the same time usurped the
impetus for software innovation, and
the system slowly withered and died,
Tandy ceased supporting It. and no
major manufacturer stepped in.

You can still find some independent
sources for OS-9 if you look around,
and every once in a while a local
Radio Shack will have a clearance
sale on software or hardware. Keep
your eyes open and you might luck
out.

Needed and Offered Items

Last month. I presented some in-
formation about the Res her TU-470
terminal unit. Well, "Mitch" Mitchell
WA40SR of Mobile, Alabama, is look-
ing for some help with the IRL FSK*
1000. He would like to use the unit on
RTTY. but does not have a manual for

it. Does anyone out there have a
manual we could forward to Mitch?
Let me know, and I'll try to put you in
touch. He is also looking for a HAL
CRI-200 modem, He says he had one
of these a while back, bul he let a
friend talk him out of It. If you have
one that you would be willing to part
with, send that information along as
well.

California hams, listen up. Joseph
J, Brugman WB6ALI in Whittle r. Cali-
fornia tells us that he will be moving in
a few months, and will need to dis-
pose of some equipment. He asks if
someone wants a museum piece, or if
he will have to haul it to the dump,
The items In question are an old Mod-
el 15, a Model 19. and an ASR-33
teleprinter He is anxious to hear from
anyone who wants any or all of these,
presuming they are still available
when this column is printed. Let me
know, and I will send the information
to him forthwith!

Thanks to Rich Carter KN4WJ who
came through with a solution for
Michael Mihailovic VK20Z in Sydney.
Australia. Michael was looking for
some ofder Kantronics information on
AMTOR. and Rich had a copy of the
book he was looking for. A copy of
same is now winging its way Down
Under, and I thank Rich for lending a
hand.

SAM

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CALLSIGN DATABASE

1994

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Sell your product in 73 Amateur Radio Today
Call Dan Harper today. . . 1-800-274-7373

813-376-6575

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52 73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1 994

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Norman Beasley P29NB/K04CB in
Papua, New Guinea, writes wonder-
ing if any ot the RTTY programs
around will work with modems built in-
to laptop computers. I realty don't
think so, Norm. You see, the tone
pairs used for RTTY are just straight-
forward frequency shift keying, where-
as, depending on baud rate, tele-
phone modem tones can be straight
tones ail the way up to modulated
sets of tones. So, sorry to say, I don't
think it is practical.

At least one of the programs
around, BayCom, which is part of the
"RTTY Loop" collection described be-
low, comes with a circuit for a simple
interface. If you want to keep things
simple that may well be one way to go.

Where to Find RTTY

Several ot you have recently asked
that perennial question, 'Where can I
find RTTY?" Wefl, let me give you two
frequencies and a suggestion, On HF>
the most active RTTY frequency cen-
ters around 3620 kHz and 14080 kHz.
These are both FSK, of course, and
60 wpm, 45,45 baud, Baudot still pre-
dominates. On VHFh my suggestion is
to ask around. In some areas, you will
find a simplex frequency active; in
others there may be an RTTY re-
peater Listen and ask, and you may
turn something up. Packet or AMTOR

are different subjects, and we may
touch on them another time*

Regards as well to Bud Boulton
WA8CFP of Spring Hill, Florida YesT
the four NRTTY Loop'' collections re-
main available. Collections #1, #2S
and #4 are com pend turns of ham ra-
dro, RTTY, and packet programs
culled from various sources. Collec-
tion #3 is an assortment of archiving
and dearchiving utilities essential to
efficient operation. Each may be had
by sending me sufficient blank disks,
return stamped mailers, and $2 per
disk to be filled, specifying the collec-
tion or collections desired. Remember
that each collection just about fills a
3.511 1 .44 Mb high density disk, so if
you are sending disks of lesser ca-
pacity, adjust the quantity accordingly.

As always t please contact me at
the above address, or electronically
via CompuServe (ppn 75036,2501},
America Online (MarcWA3AJR). or
Delphi (MarcWA3AJR). Inventive
users have even sent Email through
electronic portals from other services
to me on CompuServe and AOL —
isn't the global community wonderful?

One of the items in the works in-
cludes a look back to an interesting
circuit published in 73 over 10 years
ago. That's from a reader's question.
Feel free to ask yours! I look forward
toil.

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Radio Today.

Call

Dan Harper

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274-7373.

Updates

Number 12 on your Feedback card

The FARA Project

Drilled and etched PC boards
are now available for the above-
mentioned 2 meter amplifier pro-
ject (November 1993, p, 10). You
can order one from FAR Circuits,
18N640 Field Ct, Dundee IL
60118. The price is $9 plus $1,50
S&H.

You may also be interested !n
knowing the relay K1 is available
from Mouser Electronics, (800)
346-6873, Part Number 431-
QVR-SH-212L The Bud Box is
available from Gerber Electron-
ics, (800) 225-1800. Q1 is avail-
able from RF Parts, (800) 737-
2787. Happy home-brewing f

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73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1994 53

Number 13 on

Numoer i 4 on yoi

UARR'S corner

Joseph J. Can K4iPV

RO< Box 1099

Falls Church VA 22041

Building Small DC Power
Supplies, Part 2: The Volt-
age Regulated Supply

Last month we took a brief look at
the baste low-voltage, low-current
(LVLC) DC power supply. These sup-
plies are used to power sol id -state cir-
cuits. They have output voltage rat-
ings of 1.5 VDC to 28 VDC, with +5
VDC. +9 VDC and +12 VOC being
most common. Some circuits also
need negative output voltages in the
same values. The current ratings
range from 100 mA to 5 amperes,
with t ampere (1 ,000 mA) being most
common. In this installment, we wilt
take a look at small voltage -regulated
power supplies.

Why Voltage Regulation?

Most electronic circuits work belter
when the applied DC voltage is sta-
ble Oscillators, for example, will "pull"
slightly in frequency when the DC
power supply voltage changes. When
you hear it on CW, this phenomenon
is called "chirp/ and is undesirable
(not to mention illegal).

The principal reasons that DC
power supply outputs vary are: 1)
variation in the AC input voltage and
2) variation in the load current drawn
(ram the power supply. The input volt-
age variation Is from the AC power
mains, and there is little practical that
one can do about it on the AC side.
Normally, the "110 volt" AC line will
vary from 105 to 125 VAC RMS. At
my house, the meter tends to sit be-
tween 120 and 1 24 volts most of the
lime. During "brown -out* conditions,
seen mostly in the summer months
when huge amounts of current from
air conditioners strain the system, the
voltage might drop to 95 volts or so.

The mechanism of votlage varia-
tion from changes in DC load current
is shown In Figure 1 Here we have a
representative "equivalent circuit"
containing a load resistance (RL), a
load current (I), an ideal (lossless)
voltage source (V), and an internal re-
sistance (Rs). It is this internal resis-
tance that is the problem. When
switch St is open, the load is discon-
nected from the power supply. Volt-
meter M1 will read the full value of V.
At this time. Vo does not appear But
when S1 is dosed T the load is con-
nected to the voltage source, and cur-
rent I Mows. The output voltage V0
willbe V - Vs « or V - IRS. As I varies,
so do vs and V0.

Although one can reduce the ef-
fects of Ihe load current variation, It
cannot be eliminated altogether. The
"cure* is to make the current capacity
of the power supply much larger than
the required load current, But this
method is expensive, wasteful and
heavy (components weigh a tot). A
better way is to use voltage regulation
... it will take care of both forms of
variation.

Another value for voltage regula-
tion was shown to me by a salesman
named Walter who used to call on a
shop where t was employed in the
early 1 960s. We serviced car radios
and two-way radios, and as a result
required boncn power supplies. Wal-
ter came in and told me he could sell
me a DC bench power supply H . . .
with the equivalent of 1 ,000,000 \xF (1
farad) o! ripple filtering. Although I
was initially skeptical, Walter was
right. The power supply was voltage-
regulated (a rarity in those days) with
a solid -state voltage regulator circuit,
and the voltage regulation reduces
dramatically the amount of ripple.

Photo A shows the ripple before
(top trace) and after (bottom trace)
the voltage regulator circuit The cir-
cuit used for this measurement was a

yvwv

Vs = IRs

,N>

Ml
Voltmeter

Ftgure 1. Equivalent circuit showing how voltage variation occurs.

Photo A, Top trace is ripple at the input of the regulator, and the bottom trace is
the ripple at the output (to same scale).

54 73 Amateur Radio Today * January, 1 994

moderately loaded 12 VDC, 1 am-
pere. DC power supply. Note that the
"before" ripple is about the same as
we saw last month tor the 1,000 *iF
case. The ripple factor was about
400 mV. The bottom trace shows 5
mV of ripple which, because the top
and bottom scales were taken using
the same vertical deflection factor,
barely makes a difference from a
purely straight line. That's where Wal-
ler got his "1 ,000.000 uF* of ripple re-
duction.

Figure 2 shows the basic circuit for
a voltage-regulated DC power supply
that is based on the circuit we dis-
cussed last month, married to a three-
terminal integrated circuit voltage reg*
Ulator device (IC1 J. The rectifier is se-
lected according to the criteria we
used last month, i.e a peak inverse
voltage (PIV) of not less than 2.83
times the RMS voltage of the trans-
former {T1 ) secondary, and a forward
current rating equal to not less than
the maximum load current (plus a little
reserve if you are conservative), As a
practical matter, a 1,000 volt PIV, 1
ampere bridge rectifier will suffice for
ail 5 to 2S volt DC, 1 ampere, power
supplies.

The regulator shown here is a pos*
ttive voltage regulator: i.e. the input
and output voltages are positive with
respect to common (which in this
case is a chassis ground). Several
different forms of regulator are avail-
able in various combinations of cur*
rent and regulated output voltage. For
positive regulators, the two main lines
are the LM-340n-xx and the ?&xx
(which for pracilcal purposes are In-
terchangeable), In both cases, the
rixx1? is replaced wilh the required out-
put voltage, and the "n" with a letter
denoting the package style. For ex*
ample, the LM-34Q-05 (or LM-340-5)
and 7805 are ^5 VDC output regula-
tors, while the LM 340-12 and 7812
are +12 volt regulators

The current rating of the voltage
regulator is given by a letter designa-
tion in the LM-340n-xx series, and
sometimes in the 78xx series as well.
The "T* package is a TO-220 three-
lead plastic package simitar to certain
plastic audio power transistors. It is
often rated at 1,000 mA (1A), al-

though without a good heat sink 750
mA is more like it. The "K" package is
the same as a TO-3 diamond-shaped
power transistor package. It is good
for 1 ampere, and in certain configu-
rations (with a heat sink) up to 5 am-
peres. For example, the LM-323 is a
+5 VDC, 3 amp regulator, while LM-
338 is a 5 amp variable voltage regu-
lator, tn labeling the LM-340n-xxf
therefore, an LM-340T-xx is capable
of 7 50/ 1 000 mA depending on heat
sinking or your courage, and LM-
340K~xx is a 1 ampere regulator.

The filter capacitor in Figure 2 is
C3. The general rule for setting the
value of this ripple filter for voltage-
regulated circuits is to use 2,000 uF
per ampere of maximum load current
(some people accept lt0O0 uF/am-
pere). For this reason, in the 1 am-
pere supply of Figure 2. the capacitor
is set to 2,000 jiF (more can be used,
if desired — it's not that critical).

Capacitors C4 and C5 are Intend-
ed to guard the regulator (IC1) from
noise transients propagated on the in-
put power, and from RF that gets into
the circuit. These capacitors should
be 0.1 \xF to 1 .0 pf, and are mounted
as close as possible to the body of
the voltage regulator Capacitor C6 is
set according to the rule: 100 pF/am-
pere. Its purpose is to guard against
sudden, rapid rise time, changes in
load current demand. It holds a small
charge that dumps into the circuit
when the bad changes, while giving
the regulator its necessary millisec-
onds to catch up. Capacitor C7 is op-
tional, but is required In power sup-
plies used in ham stations. It guards
against the RF that might arrive
through the DC output terminals.
Place C7 as close as possible to the
output terminals .

Diode Dt is used to prevent
charge in capacitor C5 from causing
damage to the voltage regulator dur-
ing shutdown. It has a current rating
of 1 ampere, and a voltage rating of
1 ,000 volts PIV,

Note that a heat sink is shown on
IC1 , the voltage regulator IC device. If
the regulator is used in a circuit that
can output more than about half the
full rated output of the regulator, then
It's a good idea to use a heat sink.

Photo R a) P erf board detail; b} Finished power supply.

Tne mounttng tab of T package de-
vices, and the case on "K" package
devices, is also ground, so be aware
that the heal sink will also be ground
(keep hot leads away from it).

Photo B{a) shows the construction
of a simple 1 ampere, low voltage DC
power supply wiring board, while Pho-
to B(b) shows a typical finished prod-
uct. The wiring is done point-to-point"
on the back of a piece of perforated

wiring board. This board is available
from most parts distributors (for perf-
board and other DC power supply
components, see the catalog Of
Ocean State Electronics, POB 1458,
Westerly RJ 02891; 1 -800-866-6626).
Note in Photo B(a) the use of heat
sinks on the T package regulators
Also note the wfde spacing between
the heat sinks. Also note that the
transformers are mounted on the

board. This type ol construction
should only be used for smalt, low-
current applications. Heavier trans-
formers will best be mounted on the
chassis.

The chassis shown here is a
shielded box . . , which is a good idea
for a regulated power supply used
around (or inside) radio transmitting
equipment. For a bench power supply,
use an appropriate cabinet.

Packet Radio Buffs

Dave Wolf W05H sent me a copy of
his new Packet Power Newsletter, Its
an eight-page monthly intended to keep
packet buffs up to date. He tells me that
readers of this column can get a tree
complimentary copy if they mention this
column and send a self-addressed
stamped envelope (SASE) Sample
copies are normally $1 . Looks pretty
good for packet buffs.

H
o-

i«^^^^^™"

,01

N
o

1 i

r ,01

l 4

DT
IN4007

51a

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BR1

wv^

C3 +

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^J-leat^Sink^

Out

C5 -
.1 Jl F

100 U" F C7*

01 u F

-o +

Vo
■o-

*See Text

Figure 2. Circuit for the basic voltage regulator power supply.

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anCLE 293 ON READER SERVICE CARD

CIRCLE 2 ON READER SERVICE CARD

73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1 994 55

1993 Annual Index

Number T4 on your Feedback card

Subject/ Article

Description

Author

Issue

Page

Subject/Article

Description

Author

Issue

Page

Amplifiers, Audio, Preamp

Packet

TCP>IP/tutoria!

N1EWO

DEC

Almost Everything Amplifier

Construction

AA4AW

MAY

Packet

TNC-computerlink

1^1 EWO

MAR

Build the Tone Processor

Construction

JA1AYO

FEB

Packet

TNC-computerlink

N1EWO

MAY

Deluxe Communications Audio

Programmabte- Frequency Audio

Board

Construction

WD4PU

DEC

Generator

Construction

Redman

JAN

FARA Project (2m amplifier)

Construction

WA1GPO

NOV

RTTY

Commodore interface

WA3AJH

MAR

Improved VOX Mobile Extender

Construction

K&YDW

NOV

RTTY

Computer as a keyboard

WA3AJR

MAY

Microwave

Solid-state surplus amplifiers

WB6IGP

AUG

RTTY

Flcsher TU-470 modification

WA3AJR

DEC

Microwave

TWT power amplifiers

WB6IGP

JUL

RTTY

General info

WA3AJR

APR

Microwave

Wideband test amp/construction

WB6IGP

MAY

ROY

General questions

WA3AJR

JUL

MMIC amplifiers

General description/circuits

WB6IGP

JAN

RTTY

General questions

WA3AJR

AUG

Programmable- Frequency Audio

RTTY

Genera' que&lions

WA3AJR

SEP

Generator

Construction

Redman

JAN

HUY

General questions

WA3AJR

OCT

Universal Speech Processor

CojistruCEion/transcefver upgrade

K9EUI

JUL

RTTY

General questions

WA3AJR

NOV

Using Operational Amplifiers

Tutorial

K41PV

JUM

RTTY

Mechanical teleprinters

WA3AJR

FEB

RTTY

Model 23 teietypefi"U WIN programWA3AJR

JUN

Antennas

RTTY

Receiving station

WA3AJR

JAN

10 Meier X- Beam

Construction

N5SJZ

APR

Techno -Whizzy J, Part II

DDS radio/construction

N9JZW

JAM

23-Foot indoor Antenna

Construction

G2B2Q

FEB

Active Antenna Using a MOSFET

Construction

W2IMB

MAR

Direction Finding

Compressing the W3EDP

Construction

G2BZQ

SEP

Computer-assisted

Contesting

K0OV

FEB

Computer Control for Beam

Computer-assisted

Conteslino/triangulation

K0OV

MAR

Antennas, 1

Construction

K4QND

AUG

Computer- assisted mobile RDF

Construction

KOOV

JAN

Computer Control for Beam

Computerized tri angulation

Description

KOOV

APR

Antennas, 2

Construction

K40ND

SEP

Foxhunts

FRG-93 & S. Calif". Alt Day

KOOV

JUN

Copper Dual-Band Super JPole

Foxhunts

FRG-93

KOOV

OCT

Antenna

Construction

KAONAN

APR

Handi-Beacon

Construction

WB9YBM

JAN

Discone Jusl for Fun

Construction

KAQOAQ

SEP

Motorized, polar display antenna

RADAD

KOOV

NOV

Distributed Capacity Twisted Loop

Consiruction

WA6QBU

SEP

Product list

Sources

K0V

AUG

Dual Half -Wave Antenna

Construction

KE2QJ

MAR

RaCon 6805 transceiver

Description

KOOV

JUL

Effective 160 Meter Antenna

Consiruction

KA6MMQ

FEB

Ramsey Foxhound

Description

KOOV

DEC

Evolution of an Antenna

Lazy H/Construction

W2TBZ

SEP

Transmitter

Ttny T

KOOV

SEP

Five- Element T-Maich VHF Yagi

Construction

KAONAN

DEC

Transmitters

Design

K0OV

MAY

leky-Stick" Antenna

Construction

W2EKY

SEP

Lightweight. Collapsible Quad for

General Interest

2 Meters

Construction

AA1EX

APR

16 Tips for Using PCB Layout

Maxi-Loop SO

Construction

G2BZQ

DEC

Software

How-to

NSPTG

JUN

Mini-Quad Loops

Construction

NH6XK

APR

ARRL

New Year's resolutions

N1GPH

JAN

Motorized, polar display

RDF/RAD AD

K0OV

NOV

AR8L

Special cailsigns

NTGPH

OCT

RASER Revisited

Dipole antenna/construction

W202H

OCT

Attracting youth

How-to

N1GPH

SEP

Recycled TV Beam to 2m for $2

Construction

KA0NAN

SEP

Consumer complaints

How-to

N1GPH

MAR

Remote Tuned Active Antenna

Construction

W21MB

DEC

Electronic Project Panel Labels

By computer

K4GOK

MAY

Stacking UHF Antennas

Construction

WB4HFN

JUL

Dayton '93

73 's absence

N1GPH

JUN

Super Tee antenna tuner

QRP/Construcuon

WB&VGE

SEP

Dayton 93

Youin Forum

WB2MGP

AUG

Tili-Qver/Swivd Antenna Mount

Discovery Place

Charlotte. NC

WB2MGP

FEB

lor RVs

Construction

W4PVP

JUL

Fiber Optics

Amateur radio applications

AJGN/LA6U5

MAR

Wideband antenna

M ic ruwave/construclion

WB6IGP

MAY

FCC

Monitoring

N1GPH

MAY

First QSOs

How-to

N1GPH

JUL

ATV, FS7V, SSTV, Video

Frequency use

Rutea/courtesy

N1GPH

APR

ATV

HatCam miniature TV camera

WB6ELK

APR

Great Am&rican it voyage

Follow-up

WB2MGP

SEP

ATV

Edge 01 Space Sciences (EOSS) WB6ELK

JUN

Great American it voyage

Ham radio contacts

WB2MGP

JUN

ATV

Gray-scale generator/construction WBaELK

JUL

Gripes

Batteries'bandwrdth/AM/SSB/

ATV

Information sources

WB8ELK

MAY

SSTV

KB1UM

MAY

ATV

Modifying the Gemini Rabbit

WB8ELK

SEP

Ham radio ficlion

RDF

KOOV

SEP

ATV

Monterey, CA

WBSELK

FEB

Oklahoma Student Inventors Expo

Description

WB2MGP

NOV

ATV

Mt. Diablo

WB6EIK

OCT

Packet

Anthology of articles 1983-93

WA1RZW

AUG

ATV

N3EWV R/C plane

WBSELK

NOV

Packet

Protocol/tutorial

N1EWO

JUN

ATV

Portable repeater

WB8ELK

DEC

Peace

Discussion

N1GPH

DEC

ATV

TV camera Sighting

WB8ELK

JAN

Solar eclipse

Ham radio experiments

K4IPV

OCT

ATV

W9TE Crossband Repeater

WB8ELK

AUG

Teaching

Concentration

WB2MGP

MAY

SSTV

From space

WA5ZIB

MAY

Teaching

Geography through ham radio

WB2MGP

MAR

Teaching

NASA resources

WB2MGP

OCT

Computers and Software— See Microprocessors, Computers and Software

Teaching

Through learning channels

WB2MGP

APR

Teaching! resources

For ham radio

WB2MGP

DEC

Digital Modes: Packet, CW. RTTV, AMTOR, etc.

Thanksgiving

Thanks from 73

N1GPH

NOV

AMTQR

Universal Automatic Minimum

Youth torurns

Description

WB2MGP

JUL

Power Control

N7APE

OCT

Writing lor 73

Guidelines

N1GPH

FEB

DSP

Description/sources

M1EWO

JAM

Writing to Congress

Guidelines

WB2MGP

JAN

DSP; The Whole Truth

Description/tutorial

N9RF

SEP

DSP/DDS

DescripttgnfTutorfaJ

KB1UM

FEB

Microprocessors, Computers and Software

Jufieboard

DDS synthesizer

VE3JLL

AUG

1 6 Tips for Using PCB Uyoul

Mobile CW Operation

How-to

WB2WIK/M&

JUL

Software

How-to

NSPTG

JUN

Packet

Anthology of articles 1983-93

WA1 RZW

AUG

Computer Control for Beam

Packet

FM Packet Deviation Meter/'

Antennas, 1

Construction

K40ND

AUG

construction

N50WK

AUG

Computer Control for Beam

Packet

Hierarchical addressing/tutorial

N1EWO

JUL

Antennas. 2

Construction

K40NO

SEP

Packet

Internet

N1EWQ

AUG

Computer Control for the Ramsey

Packet

Kitsat-OSCAR-23

WASZIB

APR

FTR-146

Construction

WD6BNR

MAR

Packet

Portable Digipeatorfor Emergency

Electronic Project Panel Labels

By computer

K4GOK

MAY

Service

K6YDW

JUN

IBM- PC

Resources hor hardware adapters h 1 EWO

SEP

Packet

Protocoltutorial

MEWO

JUN

Julieboard

DDS synthesizer

VE3JEL

AUG

Packet

Reducing RFI

N1EWO

APR

Micro chips

General description/tutorial

KB1UM

JAN

Packet

Resolving 2m/CATV interference/

Packet

Internet

N1EWO

AUG

How-to

NMSR

DEC

Packet

TexNet

N1EWO

FEB

Packet

TenNct

N1EW0

FEB

Packet

TCP/IP/tutorial

N1EWQ

OCT

Packet

TCP/IP/tulorial

N1EWO

OCT

Packet

TCP/IP/tutorial

N1EWO

NOV

Packet

TCP/I P/tutorfal

N1EW0

NOV

Packet

TCP/IP/tutorial

N1EWO

DEC

56 73 Amateur Radio Today * January, 1 994

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73 Amateur Radio Today January, 1994 57

Subject/Article

Packet

RDF

RDF contest

Reducing RFI

RTTY

Microwave

loGHi
10 GHz

Construction Fractfces
Fun aM 0,000 MHz
Misers

MMIC amplifiers
Moon bounce

EF Actuated Coaxial Solid-state
surplus amplifiers
Switching

Surface-mount components
TWT power amplifiers
Wideband test amp and antenna
Waveguide construction

New Products (by manufacturer)

Absolute Value Systems

AEA

Agrelo Engineering
Amateur Networking Supply

Amateur Radio Engineering
Antenna Specialists
ASA

ASA

Azden Corporation

CAL-AV Labs

CM Technologies

Com munitions Specialists

Conned Systems

Creative Control Products

Cuny Communications

Digital Cemmu nidations
Douglas RF Devices

DWM Enterprises
Electron Processing

Electron Processing
FLYTECRAFT
GAP Engineering
GET-TECH

Glen Martin Engineering
Gordon West
Gordon West
Grapevine Group

GRE America

Hamtrcnics

Hamtronics

Harlan Technologies

Han Publishing

Heil Sound Ltd,

J & W Technology

jtCGto

Jade Products

Jensen Tools

Larsem Antennas

Lightning Industries

Midland Land Mobile Radio

Milestone Technologies

Ming Communications

Multlfax

NCG/Comet

Nemal Electronics International

Oak Hills Research

Optoelectronics

PAKTEK

Description Author

TNC*computer link N 1 EWO

TNC-computer link N 1 E WO

Computer- assisted K0OV

Computer-assisted KOOV

Computerized ^angulation KOOV

Using computers K0OV

TutDfial N1EWO

Commodore interlace WA3AJR

Computer as a keyboa rd WA3 A J R

TUWIN program WA3AJR

SSfiQRP transceiver
Wideband FMandSSB
How-to

Equipment/construction
Descri ption/appl ications
General description/circuits
Description

Description
Description/circuits
Collecting surplus
Description
Construction

WB6IGP

WB&IGP

W6&IGP

WB&NOA

WB&IGP

WB6EGP

WB6IGP

WB6IGP
WB6IGP
WB6IGP
WB6IGP
WB6IGP
Detector m a u nts and transitions WB6IGP

SSTV Explorer Staff

HamLink; Radio Link Staff

IT-i AutoTuner Staff

PK-SOO muliimode data controller Start
SWR-121 hand-held antenna

analyst Staff

Micro 1.1, 2.1 voice recorders Staff
Netri-x Diode Matrix Board/

WireModerrs Adapter Staff

HamLink Interface Staff

RF Tools software Staff

2m Gollinear base station antenna Staff
hfa-COM HF mobile antenna pkg. Staff

HS-Q3 headset/mike Staff

Spirit du&1*paddle Morse keys Staff

Savant packet software Staff

PE-15 Staff
CS-300 VOX simplex phone paich
UAD-100 universal audio delay

board Staff
LF2A active antenna system/

ANB- 1 089 recei vm g p roc ess or Staff

Voico mail system Staff
PC board/component kit for

Roanoak Doppter DF Staff

Pill Bottle antenna tuner Staff
AFBOX-1. improve scanner and

shortwave reception Staff

BR I 2- ALB Repeater interface Staff
Model CFN and SFX line amennasStaff

N-PAM antenna mounting system Staff
AUDIO G21B digital voice recorder Staff

RT-936/RT-832 towers Staff
Advanced Class license prep book Staff

New No-Code b ook Staff
Amiga Troubteshooter diagnostic

tool Staff

GINA data transceiver Staff

Janu ary 1 99 3 catalog Staff

TD-4 Sc-lec tl ve cal ling modul e Staff

Slow Scan If Siaif

Mail order catalog Staff
SA-1 sound system/PHO -SET

headset- mike Staff

IRACS controller Staff

interface cables Staff

Fun-Kit EK01 experimenter board Staff

1 60m twin4ead Marconi antenna S taff

SOG TcolClip Staff

KG 1290 on-glass antenna Staff

Mac-Radio study program Staff

Orion OR-2E00 antenna rotator Staff

Internal modem Staff

LOGMASTER II Staff
AUTO- ID automatic message

broadcaster Staff

WEFAX demodulator Staff

CH-32 mini HT anion na Staff
CX-333 triband base/

repeater antenna Staff

Cross NeedEe SWR/power meter Staff

HAM-CABLE RF/contro! cable Staff

OR P S piril transceiver Staff

M1 Handi Counter Staff

TOOLPAKS Staff

Issue

MAR
MAY
JAM
MAR
APR
FEB
APR
MAR
MAY
JUN

OCT
SEP
NOV
FEB
FEB
JAN
JUN

AUG

MAR

APR

JUL

MAY

DEC

DEC
DEC
OCT
MAY

AUG
DEC

AUG

MAR

NOV

JAN

AUG

DEC

APH

MAY

FEB

MAY

OCT

JUL

AUG

JUL

MAR

APR
SEP
J UN
APR
JAN
AUG
JUL
DEC

JUN

JAN
JAN
FEB
SEP
MAR

JUL

FEB

JAN

OCT

NOV

OCT

APR

JUL

OCT

SEP

JUL

MAR
NOV
APR

jun

NOV

SEP
APR
DEC

JAN

Page

48
40
46

50
40
58
51
57

PL?

70
52

90
89

B8
64
90

91
78

SO
90

80
B2
90
64
90
90
88

64
64
36
80
82

Subject/Article

PAKTEK

P.C. Electronics
Periphex

Personal Database Applications
PKT Electronics
PotyPhaser Corporation

R&D Engineering Systems

RAI Enterprises

S-GOM Industries

Sagant Antenna

Sensible Software Solutions

Starts k International

Ten-Tec

The Tool Resource

TIC General

Time wave Technology

Trimble Navigation

Tripp Lite

Zero Surge, lac.

Power Supplies

Backup Battery Monitor/

Charger/Alarm

Building small DC power supplies
Building and Using N7APE's

MiCd tapper
Constructing High Current Power

Supplies
Experimenter's Power SuppEy

For solar controller
Versatile NiCd Charger

ORP

Antenna

Antenna tuner

Challenge of QflP

Microwave

More Gadgets for Your MFJ-9020

MOSFETs

Output filter

Pretzel transmitter

Sotar controller

Solar controller

Ten -Tec Argonaut 509

Ten-Tec Argonaut 509

Transmitter

Two- For updated

VFO/ Exciter

Receivers

Simplest Transverter

Reviews (by manufacturer}
AEA

AEA
AEA

AEA

Alinco Electron jes
Azden

Down East Microwave
Down East Microwave
Hewlett Packard
IC Engineering
ICOM
j*Com

GAP Antenna Products
Master Appliance
MFJ Enterprises
MFJ Enterprises
Midland International
North Olmstead Amateur
Radio Depot
Ramsey Electronics
S Sl S Engineering
STARTEK International

Tejas RF Technology
US Digital Co.

Reviews (by product)

40m transceiver

Antenna
Autopatch

Cordless soldering iron
DF antenna kit
Digital multimeter
DSP

Description

Tool Tote

TX70 AW transmitter
Batteries tor Alinco
PDA OSL route database
PC Packet Station
The "Grounds* for Lightning &
EMP Protection publication
AS-10Q&AS-175Qanatyzers
"Quickyagi" modeling/optimizing
Scheduler for repeater controllers
Arrow Line antennas
Copy Code Morse code trainer
ATH-15 frequency counter/finder
Miniature HF transceiver
No-Clean Wire Solder
Model 1022 TiC Ring
DSP-59 noise filter
Scout Global Positioning System
BC 400 Battery backup
Model 2S1 800

Author

Issue

Page

Staff

NOV

STAFF

NOV

Staff

JAN

Staff

DEC

Start

JUL

Staff

JUN

Staff

FEB

Staff

JUN

Staff

NOV

Staff

FEB

Staff

JUN

Staff

MAR

Staff

AUG

Staff

SEP

Staff

FEB

Staff

MAY

Staff

OCT

Staff

MAR

Staff

SEP

Construction
How-to

Construction/modification

Construct! on/tutorial
Construction

ORP
Construction

Using a MQSFET/constnxtion

Super Tee/construction

Tutorial

10 GHz SSB ORP transceiver

Description

Description/circuits

Design

Consmjction

Power supply

Construction

Wrap-up

Description/repair how-tos

Crystal-controlled

Constnjction/moditication

Construction

KB4ZGC

K4IPV

K4GOK

KE9ED

KF9GX/

Reirners

WBBVGE

W4JC

W2IMB
WBBVGE

WBSVGE
WB6IGP

WSYBT

WBBVGE

WBSVGE

WB8VGE

VB8VGE

WBSVGE

WBBVGE

W2IMB

W3RW

DSP-2232

Hamfink Model HL-60 interface

PC Pakratr for Windows

FK 900 muliimode controller

SH4 Muttlmode Simplex Repeater

AZ-61 fim FM transceiver

DEM 432K linear transverter kit

WSSK kits

HP 34£tM A digital multimeter

DtGl-FlELD Field Strength Meter

IC-W2A dual- band handheSd

Zetel S DP- 600 Smart Patch

Voyager DX-IV Vertical

The Uttratorch

MFJ-249 HFA/HF SWR analyzer

MFJ-451 Morse keyboard

73-005 transceiver

HANDl-FinderDFkit
FX-146 transceiver kit
ARK 40 ORP transceiver
ATH-1& portable frequency

counter

Backpacker tl 40m transceiver
DVR 501 A simplex repeater

system

N1GPK

Tejas RF Technology

Backpacker II WBSVGE

GAP Voyager DX-IV Vertical AG8L
j-Com Zetel SDP-600 Smart Patch WB8RRT

Master Appliance Uttratorch" N4RVE

NOAR D HAN Dl -Finder DF kit W&KOW

Hewlett Pac kard HP 34401 A WBB VG E

AEADSP-2232 N1EWO

JUN
DEC

JUN

MAR

MAY
MAR
MAY

MAR
SEP
OCT

OCT

JAN

FEB

DEC

OCT

MAR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

NOV

APR

OCT

FEB

JUN

40
56

42
68

SB
IB

53
10
68
60
64
54
42
64
66
72
66

N1EWO

MAR

WA6TWF

JUL

N1EWO

AUG

N1EWO

AUG

WA3USG

JAN

WBSNOA

NOV

KT2B

JAN

KT2B

FEB

WBBVGE

JUL

WB9RRT

SEP

KA1MDA

MAY

WB9RRT

APR

AGBL

FES

N4RVE

APR

WA4BLC

JUN

WB2WIK/8

OCT

WA1HZW

DEC

W6KOW

DEC

KT2B

NOV

WB0VGE

OCT

WB9RRT

AUG

WBSVGE

OCT

FEB

APR

DEC

JUL

MAR

58 73 Amateur Radio Today * January, 1 994

The World of Ham Radio
and CALLSIGN'Database

The IfarlJ. reF an JL*lu, CP-SUH uklch a, d«tdi^c«j to aw cur «uJi.u
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ifl.LL ki™ t±M h*ttu rrLeaiKi in tiu cidui wrtttyre frc* all uum
Cta »torld at jHur rtfueitl[B.t vilIeq OWIEy ±o tpnd you fcnwurti
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A&A Engineering

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73 Amateur Radio Today

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RF POWER
AMPLIFIERS,

Pin Pout ic Galn/NF
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NEW!

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WATTS

AVG.

44-143 MHz)

{1 3J V)
Typo

50 MHz

05Q3G
05086
0508 R
0510G

051 OR
O550G
0550RH
0552 G
0552RH

15
1
t

5-10

2540

25-40

1 0-50
170
170
170
170
375"
375
375
375

6
28
28
25
25
60
60
55
55

15/0.6
15/0.6

-h
15/0.6

15/0.6

-/-
1 5/0.6

LPA

Standard
Repeater
Standard-
Repeater
HPA

Repeater HPA
HPA
Repeater HPA

144 MHz

1403G

1-5

10-50

15/0.6

LPA

1406G

100

15/0.6

Standard

1409G

150

15/0.6

Standard

1409R

150

-h

Repeater

1410G

160

15/0.6

Standard

1410R

160

-/-

Repeater

1412G

25-45

160

15/0.6

Standard

1412R

26-45

160

-h

Repeater

14 506

350

1 5/0,6

HPA

1450RH

350

H-

Repeater HPA

1452G

350

15/0,6

HPA

1452RH

350

-/-

Repeater HPA

1454G

50-1 00

350

15/0,6

HPA

1454RH

50-100

350

-/-

Repeater hpa

220 MHz

2203G

1-5

10-40

14/0.7

LPA

2210G

130

14/07

Standard

2210R

130

-/-

Repeater

2212G

130

14/0,7

Standard

2212R

130

-/-

Repeater

2250G

220

14/0.7

HPA

2250 RH

250

-/-

Repeater HPA

2252G

220

14/0.7

HPA

2252RH

250

-h

Repeater HPA

2254G

220

14/07

HPA

2254RH

250

-h

Repeater HPA

440 MHz

4403G

1-5

7-25

12/1.1

LPA

4410G

100

12/1.1

Standard

4410R

100

-h

Repeater

4412G

20-30

100

12/1.1

Standard

4412R

20-30

100

-h

Repeater

444BG

100

12/1.1

HPA

4448R

100

-h

Repeater HPA

4450G

5-10

175

12/1.1

HPA

4450RE

5-10

175

-i-

Repeater HPA

4452G

175

12/1.1

HPA

4452RE

175

-/-

Repeater HPA

4454G

175

12/1.1

HPA

4454RE

175

25 -h

i « ■

Repeater HPA

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Repeater amps are continuous duty, class C>

Amplifier capabilities: High- power, narrow or wideband;
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Commercial, etc. - consult factory. A complete line of Rx
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RX Preamplifiers

NF Gain
Band Modal [dB] (dB) Connector

50 MHz

0520B

BNC

50 MHz

0520N

144 MHz

1420B

BNC

144 MHz

1420N

220 MHz

22206

BNC

220 MHz

2220N

440 MHz

44209

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440 MHz

4420N

1.2 GHz

1020B

BNC

1.2 GHz

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Consult your local dealer or send directly for further
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Lns Angeles, CA 90075

CIRCLE 232 ON READER SERVICE CARD

73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1994 59

Subject/Article

Da script ion

Author

Issue

Page

Subject/Article

Description

Author

Issue

Page

Duat-band Handheld

LCOM IC-W2A

KA1MDA

MAY

Selecting variable capadtors

Tutorial

K4IPV

JUL

Field strength meter

tC Engineering DLGi-FIELD

WB9RRT

SEP

Selecting variable capacitors

Tutorial

K4IPV

AUG

FM transceiver

Azden AZ-G1

WB6NOA

MOV

Sola r eclipse

Ham radio experiments/how-to

K41PV

OCT

HF/VHFSWR analyzer

MFJ-249

WA4BLC

JUN

Surface- mount components

Collecting suipkis

WB6EGP

APR

Interface

AEA Hamlink Model HL-60

WA6TWF

JUL

Ten-Tec Argonaut 509

QRP/descriplion/repair how-tos

WBBVGE

JUL

Linear transverter kit

Down East Microwave DEM 432K KT2B

JAM

Ten-Tec Argonaut 509

QFtP/descripSorVropair how-tos

WB&VGE

AUG

Microwave weak signal source kits

Down East Microwave WSSK

KT2B

FEB

Type 1TRF Connectors

How to install/use

WB2WIK/6

JUL

Morse keyboard

MFJ-451

WB2WIK/6

OCT

Ubiquitous Coaxial Connector

Tutorial

WB2WIK/6

JUN

Mullimotfe controller

AEA PK 900

N1EWO

AUG

Using and stabilizing varactor

Multirnocte simplex repealer

AJinco SR4

WA3USG

JAN

diodes

Tutorial

K4IPV

APR

Portable frequency counter

START EK International ATH-15

WB9RRT

AUG

Using Operational Amplifiers

Tutorial

K4FPV

JUN

QRP transceiver

S & S Engineering ARK 40

WB6VGE

OCT

Writing for 73

Guidelines

N1GPH

FEB

Simplex repeater system

US Digital DVR 501 A

M1GPH

JUM

Writing to Congress

Guidelines

WB2MGP

JAN

Software

AEA PC Pakraa for Windows

N1EWO

AUG

Transceiver

Midland 73-005 transceiver

WA1RZW

DEC

Transceivers

Transceiver kft

Ramsey Electronics FX-146

KT2B

NOV

Computer Control tor the Ramsey

FTR-146

Construction

WD8BNR

MAR

Satellite Operation, EME, Space

HR2510 Hi-Power Modification

Modification

Merrill

APR

ARSENE

Description/launch

WASZIB

AUG

HTs

Tutorial

K91UM

MAR

AR5ENE

Descripl ion/ieJemel ry

WA5ZEB

MAR

HTs

Tutorial

KB1UM

APR

Q*x

Digital Satellite Gateway Nodes

Gel on OSCAR 22

WA0PTV

MAR

Microwave

10 GHz SSB ORP transceiver

WB6IGP

OCT

Microwave

Moonbounce

WB61GP

JUM

RDF

RaCon 6B05 transceiver

KOOV

JUL

OSCAR

A-CM3; Field Day: AMSAT Space

Simplest Transverter

Construction

W3RW

FEB

Symposium

WA5ZIS

SEP

SP-1 Transceiver

Construction

WABTXT

JAN

OSCAR

Future and current

WA5ZI8

Staff

Universal Speech Processor

Construction/transceiver upgrade

K9EUI

JUL

OSCAR

KITS AT-OSC AR-23/Packel

WA5ZI6

APR

OSCAR

KITSAT'OSCAR-23 and future

WASZIB

JUN

Transmitters

SAREX

How-to

WA5ZI9

JUL

Add Remote- Base Capability lo

Satellites

Mew and future

WASZIB

NOV

ANY Repeater!

Construction

WB9YBM

SEP

Satellites

Mew

WA5ZIB

DEC

Han di- Beacon

Construction

WB9YBM

JAN

SSTV

From space

WA5ZIB

MAY

Pretzel transmitter

Construction

WB8VGE

OCT

Teaching

NASA resources

WB2MGP

OCT

ORP

Crystal -control led

WBBVGE

NOV

Wanl a Dish?

Construction

WA6WBP

APR

QRP

Designing an oulpul litter

WBBVGE

DEC

RDF

Transmitter design

K0OV

MAY

Test Equipment

Simplest Transverter

Construction

W3RW

FEB

Accurate Low Cost VSWR Meter

Conversion

AD5X

FEB

Techno- Wh&zy 1 , Part II

DDS/constiuciion

N9J2W

JAN

Deluxe Function Generator

Construction

KC3ZQ

JUL

Tiny T

Modification

K0OV

SEP

Expanded Range Direct- Reading

Inductance Meter

Construction

WSVWX

JUL

Updates

FM Packet Deviation Meter

Construction

N50WK

AUG

2 Meter FET Amplifier for Your

Oscilloscopes

Tutorial

KB1UM

JUN

Handheld

OCT '92 issue

AA4AW2

JAN

Oscilloscopes

Tutorial

KB1UM

JUL

An Experimenter's Power Supply

MAY '93 issue

KF9GX

AUG

Oscilloscopes

Tutorial

KBtUM

AUG

748

Active Antcnrva Using a MOSFET

MAR '93 issue

W2IMB

APR

RF sweep generator

Boyd Electronics kit-description

K4IPV

SEP

BiiikJ a Function Generator

JAN r92 issue

KB4ZGC

MAR

RF sweep generator

Boyd Electronics kit/description

K4IPV

NOV

Computer Conlrol for the Ramsey

FTR-146

MAR "93 issue

WDBBNR

APR

Theory, Tips, Tutorials, How-To

Compiler Control for the Ramsey

1 6 Tips tor Using PC B Layout

FTR-146

MAR '33 issue

WD3BNR

JUN

Software

How-to

N8PTG

JUN

Nine to 10

JUL tissue

M11L

OCT

Attracting youth

How-to

M1GPH

SEP

Noise Remover

NOV S3 issue

KBMKB

AUG

Challenge of OH P

Tutorial

WB8VGE

OCT

Packet on the Mac

OCT '92 issue

KD6CMT

JAN

Consumer complaints

How-lo

MtGPH

MAR

Programm able-Frequency Audio

Digital Satellite Gateway Nodes

Get on OSCAR 22

WA0PTV

MAR

Generator

JAW '93

Redman

FEB

DSP

Description/sources

NtEWO

JAN

Techno-Whizzy, Parts 1 S 2

DEC '92, JAN '93

N9J2W

FEB

DSP; The Whole Truth

Description/tutorial

M9RF

SEP

DSP/DDS

Description/tutorial

KB1UM

FEB

Miscellaneous Circuits & Components

Electronic Project Panel Labels

How-to

K4GOK

MAY

Add Remote- Base Capability lo

Fiber Optics

Amateur radio applications

AJ0N/LA6US

MAR

ANY Repeater!

Construction

WB9YBM

SEP

Firsi QSOs

How-to

N1GPH

JUL

ATV

Gray-scale gcnerator/construcEfon W88ELK

JUL

Home-Brewing Vogr Own RF niters Construction/theory

MIPV

MAY

CEock II Quick

Tame ripple counter chips

Arnold

MAR

Hamfests

"Mystery Rigs'VHow to fix

KB1UM

DEC

Hand h Beacon

Construction

WB9YBM

JAN

Hows and Wnys of Coaxial Cable

Tutorial

WB2WIK/6

MAY

Home-Brewing Your Own RF Fillers Construction/theory

K4IPV

MAY

HTs

Tutorial

KB1UM

MAR

HR2510 Hi- Power Modification

Modification

Merrill

APR

HTs

Tutorial

KB1UM

APR

Improved VOX Mobile Extender

Construction

KGYDW

NOV

Macro Surface-Mount breadboard

Micro chips

General descripl ion/tutorial

KB1UM

JAN

method

How-to

NUIJ

DEC

Microwave

RF actuated coaxial switching

WB6IGP

MAR

Micro chips

General description/tutorial

KB1UM

JAM

Microwave

Waveguide construction: detectoi

Microwave

Construction praclices/how-to

WB8IGP

NOV

mounts and transitions

WB6IGP

DEC

Mobile CW Operation

How-to

WB2WIK/M6

JUL

Mixers

Microwave applications

WBStGP

FEB

Mobile operation

How-to

KB1UM

SEP

MMIC amplifiers

General description/circuits

WB&IGP

JAN

Mobile operation

How-to

KB1UM

OCT

MOSFETs

Active antenna/Construction

W2IMB

MAR

Mobile operation

How-to

KB1UM

NOV

MOSFETs

Description/circuits

\rVBavGE

JAN

MOSFETs

Description/circuit

WBBVGE

JAM

MOSFETS

Description/circuits

VVB3VGE

FEB

MOSFETs

Description/circuits

WBBVGE

FEB

NE-602 EC

Use in ham circuits

K41PV

FEB

Old radios

Restoring

K4PIV

MAR

Nine to 1 0

Converter

N1I1

JUL

Oscilloscopes

Tutorial

KB1UM

JUN

Output filler

QRP/design

WBBVGE

DEC

Oscilloscopes

Tutorial

KB1UM

JUL

Passive Double-Balance Mixer

Oscilloscopes

Tutorial

KBTUM

AUG

(DBM)

Description/circuits

K4IPV

JAN

Packet

Internet/How-to

N1EWO

AUG

Selecting variable capacitors

Tutorial

K4IPV

JUL

Packet

Hierarchical addressing/tutorial

N1EWO

JUL

Selecting variable capacitors

Tutorial

K4IPV

AUG

Packet

Protocol/tutorial

hHEWO

JUN

Solar Control-ar

Construction

WB5PPV

NOV

Packet

Resolving 2rrVCATV Interference

MMSR

DEC

Solar controller

Design/ORP

WBBVGE

MAY

Packet

Tex Net/tutorial

N1EWO

FEB

Solar controller

Wrap-up

WBBVGE

JUN

Packet

TCP/IP/tutorial

N1EWO

OCT

Surlace-mount components

Collecting surplus

WB6IGP

APR

Packet

TCP/IP/tutorial

N1EWO

NOV

Twin Crystal Ladder Filters

Construction

N2DCH

JAN

Packet

TCP/IP/tutorial

N1EWO

DEC

Two-Fer updated

Construction/modification

WBBVGE

APR

Packet

TNC-computer link/tutorial

N1EWO

MAR

Type ■"N" RF Connectors

How to install/use

WB2WIK/6

JUL

Packet

TMC'Computer linMutoriaf

N1EWO

MAY

Using and stabilizJng varactor

Power supplies, building small DC

How-to

K4IPV

DEC

diodes

Tutonal

K4IPV

APR

-:1 "?■'

Power supplies, high current

Construction/ tutorial

KE9ED

MAR

Using Operational Amplifiers

Tutorial/circuits

K4EPV

JUN

Reducing RFI

Tutorial

N1EWQ

APR

VFO/Exciter

QRP/construction

W2IMB

OCT

SAREX

How-to

WASZIB

JUL

_ .

60 73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1 994

DR-592T DUAL BAND MOBILE

45 Watts/2M (Rx 137-173/Tx 144-148), 35
Watts/440 (Rx 41G-470TTX 440-450). Head can be

remoted up to 16 feet from radio with option aJ EDC-
20. Cross Band Repeater, can be turned on and off
remotely, frequencies can be changed, aEE from your
HT (DR-592T requires EJ-8U for HT Remote
Control}, 30 Memories 4 10 additional automatic

repeater memories + 2 call channels. Tone Encode, remote controf/DTMF encode

microphone included.

Options: EJ8U DTMF Decoder $4335
EDC-1 9 9-Ft Remote Ktt $36,95

EJ7-U Tore Squelch
EDO20 16= Ft Remote Kit

$62.95
$39.95

DJ-560T Dual Band HT DJ-1 62TD 2 Meter HT

2M (Rx 130-174/Tx 144-148),
440 (Ft* 400-520/Tx 440-450),
40 Memories + 2 call chan-
nels.Tone Encode and
Decode, dtmf Encode and
Decode. Paging a Scan rung
Functions, Auto Power Off

2M <Rk 137-1 74/TX 144 146), 20
Memories + Celt channel. OTMF
Encode and Decode. Tone En-
code {Decode W/EJ6U) Paging
functions [ Scanning, etc. Comes
wHh A A Cell Battery case, see
below for Nacad Packs/Chargers

OpIionaF Battery Packs for DJ-S60 & DJ162-TD
EBP- ION 7.2V X700MAH Only $15,001*

EBP-f 0NA/1ZNA can b& u jed with Ihe EDC37 Smart Charger or wail chargers
EBP- ION A 7.2V X 70GNI AH only £45.95 EBP-12NA 12V x 7QQMAH only 5 59.95
EDC-1 7 charger for EBP-10N/NA or EDO-lfl wall charger for EBP-12A 515,35

These are some of the best deals of all lime, where can you find a brand new
2M/440 Mobile for under £500.00 wilh all Iheaes feature*, Dual Band HT tor under
£30Gr or 2 Meier HT for under S200?

To o refer, send check or money order with S8.S0 for stopping, along with
your shipping address (sorry no U.S. Post Office Boxes^ UPS will not
deliver) and Telephone number to:

Joe Brancato

THE HAM CONTACT

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Long Beach, CA 90803

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73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1 994 61

Homing in

Number 15 on your Feedback card

Joe Moetl RE, K0OV
P.O.Box 250$
Fulterton CA 92633

Ploys and Pranks

'If I had to choose just one part of
ham radio to do atl the time, it would
be transmitter hunting. I love it!" Those
aren't my words, though they could be.
They came from Tom Lewis AB5CK of
Grapevine, Texas. Hams from ail over
have expressed similar sentiments to
me in letters and e-mail about radio di-
rection Finding (RDF) activities. T-hunts
and foxhunts (as competitive RDF
events are called) continue to attract
new participants across the country
and around the world.

Be prepared for adventure when
you set out on a mobile hidden trans-
mitter hunt. You never know where
you'll end up and you can never be
sure what you'll find. A good "fox" will
have some surprises planned to chal-
lenge your RDF and deductive abili-
ties, Your fellow hunters wfll be doing
their best to see that you don't find the

Radio Direction Finding

T first or have lowest elapsed mileage,
depending on the rules of the hunt.

In previous "Homing In* columns,
I categorized the sneaky, yet legal,
techniques for confounding hunters,
namely:

1. Deceptive signal parameters

2. Apparent inaccessibility

3. Indirect signal paths

4. Concealment and camouflage

I have explained that a hunt can be

made easy or hard depending on the
hider's choree of power level, antenna
aiming, signal polarization, and trans-
mitter timing. Darryl Widman KF6DL
must have read this because his trans-
mitter timing gave fits to participants in
the advanced mobile hunt at the 1993
ARRL Southwestern Division conven-
tion in Ventura, California. Each signal
burst was only a fifth of a second in
duration. Transmissions were six sec-
onds apart.

As a hunter in this event, I can at-
test to the difficulty of trying to read
signal strength of a 200-millisecond

signal pulse on a heavily damped S-
meter. A fast bar graph or audio tone
strength indicator worked much better,
A Doppler set is usually the best
choice of RDF gear for a hunt like this,
but I didn't have mine along. Only one
team used a Doppler that day, That
pair did not find the transmitter, proba-
bly due to copious signal reflections,
The others did, eventually.

KF6DI's T was 40 miles up the
coast in Santa Barbara, nestled in
heavy brush at the base of a tree. The
J antenna up in the branches was well
camouflaged with green garden hose
around the elements (Photo A), Not far
away was a box at the base of another
tree that flashed and clicked at the
same rate as the real T Anyone find-
ing and reporting this decoy to the
huntmaster wasted valuable time on
this first-finder-wins event.

Ha infest High Jinks

Most regularly scheduled T-hunts
have a set of firm rules that bound the
hunt area and establish the expected
hidden T on/off timing. These rules
usually prohibit moving or multiple
transmitters except on advanced level
hunts, At conventions and hamfests,
however, there need be no hunt rules.
Hiders have much more latitude. A
valuable prize warrants a special chal-
lenge. Some hiders say, "If the hunters
don't complain, the hunt wasn't hard
enough/

The two-hour on -foot foxhunt at the
1993 ARRL Texas State convention
was not too hard and not too easy. Ac-
cording to hunter Tom Lewis AB5CK,
'The only information provided was
that there were multiple T's transmit-
ting at different limes on the same fre-

quency. Ticket stubs were given out
sequentially at each T, and the lowest
numbered stubs would determine the
winner in the event of a tie. After the
hunt> we learned that there were seven
foxes. Five of them were hams using
handie-talkies, positioned at various
locations around the convention prop-
erty,

'The last two foxes were more diffi-
cult,*1 Tom wrote. "One was remotely
operated in the middle of a large open
field of tall grass. It was impossible to
see unless you were standing directly
over it. The last one was even tougher.
A ham had it hidden in his briefcase
while he milled around the flea market
as if he were shopping. There had
never been a moving T at this conven-
tion before.

"By the way," AB5CK continues,
'the ham carrying the briefcase was
the same guy who pulled off a trick T
at the convention the year before. He
positioned rumsclf n the middle of the
flea market with his rig hidden inside a
gutted video camera mounted on a tri-
pod. Most of the hunters ran right past
him, seeking other T's on the same
frequency."

It's great to see the number of ham-
fest hunts growing. 1993 was the first
year for T-hunting at me ARRL state
convention at Virginia Beach, Virginia.
Jeff Goldstein N4AVJ knew that most
competitors would be beginners, so he
made his hunt fairly short and simple.
But he put out a few decoy pseudo-
transmitters In the field at the end point
to make things interesting (Photo B).

Canadian Capers

My last visit to Quebec was memo-
rable because of a great Montreal

Photo A Darryl Widman KF6DI checks for signal from his short-burst transmitter
at the base of the tree behind him. its J antenna is camouflaged in the upper
branches. Can you see it?

S2 73 Amateur Radio Today ■ January, 1 994

Photo B. is it a fox or a decoy? James Lambert KC4YIW and Clifton treiand
KN4DV check out a mysterious box during the 1993 Virginia Beach Hamfest
T-hunt.

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73 Amateur Radio Today January, 1 994 63

Symphony concert- On my next trip
there. I want to go "Miunting. !t has re-
alty caught on in recent months. "In-
trepid" \s the word for Montreal T-
hunters, as they hold hunts atl year
long, t guess I need to add snowshoes
fg the suggested hunting gear listl

Eldor Gemst VE3HUG reports Mon-
treal T-hunt activities in the
marcOgram, his clubs newsletter, and
also on CompuServe. He says that
most hunts are interclub events among
the two English and four French ham
organizations in the area. His descrip-
tion of the September outing shows
the extreme lengths to which Quebec
foxes go to foil hunters.

"The organizers of this hunt work for
Hydro Quebec, so they had the full re-
sources of that organization behind
them," Eldor wrote, "A [J the bearings
led to some railroad tracks with quite
heavy brush on both sides. The tracks
were fenced in, although the fence had
some barely human-sized holes in it.
The trick was figuring out which side of
the tracks the fox was hidden on.
Grossing the tracks could be easily
done only in places about three miles
on either side of the hottest signal
zone, so you had to be pretty sure
what side to approach from.™

"We guessed wrong," says
VE3HUG, "and we had to crawl
through the broken fence. At this point
we were certain that the T was some-
where inside the fence either in the
bush or near the tracks. We searched
high and low and eventually found it on

the other side of the tracks. Outside
the fence was a little dirt path with a
"No Trespassing71 sign. Barring en-
trance to the area were two cement
posts with heavy pipes in them. At the
top of the pipes were caps with a
length of chain attached,"

Eldor continues, "ft turned out that
those posts were fakes! The htders
had poured the cement forms around
metal-colored plastic pipes and put
plastic caps on top. They looked abso-
lutely real. Everyone was certain that
the fox lay behind the posts, either in
the brush or by the tracks. But the
transmitter was actuaHy inside one of
the pipes. The numbered tags for
hunters to lake, showing what position
they came in, were only a quarter-inch
square and the numbers were in Ro-
man numerals. The material was some
kind of metatized stuff laminated with
plastic, the same color as the pipe.
You'd look at the numbers and think it
was some kind Of identification of the
pipe. Incredible!"

That hunt will be hard to top, but
you can be sure the next hiders will try.
Note that the T was not actually inside
the HNo Trespassing1' area, which
would be against the rules on most
hunts. Usually Ts can be hidden on
private property only if the area is
freely accessible to the public at no
charge and is not posted as a "No
Trespassing" zone,

Shopping Cart Shenanigans

When asked to name a memorable

Photo a Christie Holoubek K01U is under the tattered straw hat playing a "bag
tady" as fox for the Fullerton Radio Club's monthly nighttime mobile hunt Look
vlosefy to see the battery in the cart.

T-hunt, most RDFers will bring up one
in which the T was concealed in a
particularly clever way. It doesn't have
to be a grueling event like the Montre-
al hunt described above. Christie
Holoubek K01U showed her acting
skills by portraying a bag lady in a
mall parking iot on a Fullerton (Cali-
fornia) Radio Club night hunt. She
pushed a junk-laden shopping cart
around the lot for three hours with the
transmitter concealed among the
refuse (Photo C). After 15 miles of

mobiling and a drive around the park-
ing lot, would you have suspected
her?

Shopping carts are "liberated" from
supermarkets every day, but Gary
Holoubek WB6GCT asked permission
to borrow this one. HDon Frizielle
W6HRC and I went to a store and ex-
plained to the manager what we
wanted to do,1" he says. "In case se-
curity guards thought we had stolen
the cart, we had the manager give us
his business card with a note on the

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64 73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1 994

Photo D. Trust your instruments, not your eyes, when sniffing. This hoilowed-out
phone book in a hotel lobby contained the Tata ham f est beginners1 hunt.

back. He was willing to loan us a
brand-new cart, but we picked out a
ratty Jooking one with good wheels.
After the hunt, we took it right back,"

Even a so-called blbegfnnersN" hunt
can include a clever concealment sur-
prise. At the aforementioned conven-
tion in Ventura, California, KF6D1 put

on another event especially for brand-
new RDFers. It was an orvfoot hunt
on the hotel grounds, Darryl encour-
aged everyone to give it a try, even
those with no special RDF gear. (The
"body shielding" maneuver with a
handie-talkie or scanner was ade-
quate for getting bearings.)

As usual, most of these new
hunters assumed that the hidden T
would be in plain sight, so they hunt-
ed mostly with their eyes, not their ra-
dios. That was the wrong thing to do!
The rig was concealed inside a hol-
lowed-out telephone book (Photo D)
underneath a pay phone in the hotel
lobby. Most hunters ignored the inno-
cent-looking white pages and kept
poking around for something in plain
sight that looked like a radio.

Many memorable T-hunte involve
lakes and rivers. Baffling bearings can
result when the signal source is at the
surface of a body of water, due to sig-
nal reflections from nearby and dis-
tant shores. For one Fullerton Radio
Cfub hunt, Erik Schoedi N6NWW and
Michael Foster KC6NHJ transmitted
from a rubber duck. No, not a flexible
helical 2 meter whip, I mean a reat
rubber duck, floating on a small fake
in Tri-County Park, The real ducks ig-
nored it mostly.

Marty Mitchell N6ZAV and Byon
Garrabrant KD6BCH went a step fur-
ther, trying for invisibility on an Or-
ange County night hunt in October
They attached a thin Z meter whip to
a piece of black-painted styrofoam
and attempted \o fioat it onto a lake
with miniature coax back to the trans-
mitter on the muddy shore.

"We put ballast under the styro-
foam to hold the antenna erect, n Mar-
ty says, 'Apparently something tan-
gled underwater and the thing kept
sinking. My RaCon foxfaox got

soaked. Next time maybe we'll try
putting the T in a radio-controlled sub-
marine. We could eliminate the coax
and be able to raise and lower the an-
tenna!"

Keep It Fun

As you can see, being the hidden
fox is an opportunity to unleash all
your creativity. But don't forget to be
fair and to match your subterfuge to
the skill level of the hunters. Jf the ma-
jority of them are beginners, go easy
by giving plenty of signal frequent (if
not continuous) transmissions, and
lots of encouragement. Give them a
challenge, but not an impossible task.

As your group's average skill level
and equipment inventory increases
toward the "expert1- category, you can
make hunts tougher by shortening
transmissions, lowering or varying the
signal level, increasing distance, and
including stunts like those described
above. Of course you won't do any-
thing illegal or make the hunt unsafe
for yourself or any hunter, will you?
Remember that if participants don't
have fun (however they define it),
they won't come out to hunt you again
next time. Your goal should be to in-
crease the level of camaraderie of the
hunt group.

Let's hear about the clever pranks
taking place on your local foxhunts.
Mail photos and stories to me at the
address above. You can send e-mail to
JoeMoell@cup, portal.com via Internet
or to 75236,21 65 on CompuServe.

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73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1 994 65

Number 16 on your Feedback card

m m (Mumper lb on your i-eea

Hams with class

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Instructors' Workshop

This past summer, t had the plea-
sure of moderating the workshop for
teachers and instructors at the Texas
HamCom in Arlington. All those who
attended for the full five hours re-
ceived continuing education credit for
0.5 units. We had 80 folks who came
to get ideas and share experiences of
using amateur radio in the classroom.
It was great?

Due to the length of the workshop, I
wanted to be sure to have some lively,
interesting speakers. I think that ev-
eryone in attendance will agree that
every speaker presented valuable in-
formation in an "entertaining" manner.
Matt McCullar KJ5BA spoke about his
and his dub's efforts with weather bal-
loons and ham radio. He not only
brought us the actual box the rig was
packed inl he had a wonderful slice
presentation of actual balloon-in-flight
pictures to show. The visual aids that
each speaker used added a great deal
to the presentations.

Vicki Gigante KA3PBS not oniy
joined me as cospeaker at the ban-
quet that weekend, she also made a
terrific presentation at the workshop,
Vicki is in charge of shuttle retransmis-
sions at the Goddard Space Center.

She spoke about SAREX {Shuttle Am-
ateur Radio Experiment) and its use in
the classroom with youngsters. I agree
with Vicki, based on first hand experi-
ence, that one of the best and most
exciting things you oan do with kids in
the classroom with a radio Is to give
them an opportunity to speak with as-
tronauts.

Cynthia Wall KA7HT is the talented
author of children's books that incor-
porate amateur radio in the story, It
was a delightful experience to meet
with her and hear her suggestions on
using the books to help provide high
motivational classroom reading
lessons. I can realty recommend these
exciting adventure books as an enrich-
ment activity in a ham radio class.

My good friend Jim WHmerding
M4MDC came from New Orleans just
to participate in the workshop. I'm so
glad that he did! Jim is one of the net
controls on my CQ At! Schools Net on
Tuesdays and Thursdays at 17:30
UTC on 28.303 MHz (after 10 minutes
21.324, and then on to 14.325 MHz if
you hear nothing). When folks cant
hear either my school or Gordon West
from California, they can probably pick
up Jim in the middle of the country,
Jim is the principal at St, Martin's
Episcopal Middle School Our two
schools have corresponded and
shared numerous school- wide projects
as a direct result of our radio contacts
each week. Jim spoke to the group

Photo A Jim Wilmerding N4MDC.

Photo B. Connie Dunn KB5LES.
66 73 Amateur Radio Today * January, 1 994

about how to approach an administra-
tor when trying to get a radio program
into a school. His input was excellent.

Connie Dunn KB5LES was my lia-
son with the convention most of the
year. We became instant friends. Con-
nie Is very active with the YLs and
does a super job editing their publica^
tion. She spoke about using packet ra-
dio in the classroom, and had very
good slides to demonstrate what she
was explaining. Connie introduced
Kathy Hootman N5VKY, a teacher at
Sanger Middle School, who talked
about creative lessons with packet ra-
dio in her class.

My friend Bob Scupp WB5YYX is
Vice Director of the Rocky Mountain
Division of the ARRL. He informed the
audience about the League's ability to
support educational efforts. The new
telephone number available to non-
hams only Is SQ0-32-NEW HAM to
have questions answered. He provid-
ed the group with literature that the
ARRL makes available to teachers.

tt was also my pleasure to Introduce
the Geisen FamiEy who drove up from
Houston to appear at my Youth Forum
the next day, Marie KB5GPB, Shalon
KB5QMY and Linda KB5PQW are
home-schooled teenagers who have
integrated ham radio into their studies.

In between these speakers, I man-
aged to do some of my own little pre-
sentations. I showed a video that
demonstrates children in my cEass
having fun on the radio and with ra-
dio-related activities. I stressed the
importance of using child-oriented
materials. The group really enjoyed
the other video I showed> astronauts
fooling around for the camera to
demonstrate weightlessness and how
life on board the shuttle can be fun at
limes.

I am indebted to the tafented peo-
ple who did presentations at the In-
structors' Workshop so that others
could benefit from their experience.
Readers of the "Hams With Glass'1
column know that I am a firm believer
in the value of youth forums for the re-
cruiting of young people into the hob-
by. It is also very obvious to me, after
having moderated several teacher
continuing education courses, that
they can inspire and motivate teach-
ers to incorporate amateur radio in
their classrooms. The sharing of ideas
with a good group of presenters is a
dynamic exciting and educational ex-
perience*

Don't be afraid to organize one at
your group's next large gathering, and
let me know how it works out.

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The HOWES DFD4 is an add-on Digital Readout for analogue receivers and
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To make the DFD4 even more suitable, we now offer the PMB4
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CIRCLE 299 ON READER SERVICE CARD

73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1 994 67

Qrp

Number 17 on your Feedback card

Low Power Operation

Mike Bryce WBBVGB
2225 Mayflower NW
Massiilon OH 4464$

A very popular setup for the active
GRPer is the Ten -Tec 509 Argonaut
with its matching 405 amplifier With
DC power consumption of 100 wans,
the 405 amplifier produces 50 watts
RF output wrth only 2 waRs input from
80 through 10 meters . This amplifier
was one of the first atl-sohd-slate
high-power amplifiers to hit the ham
market .

When Ten-Tec stopped producing
the popular Argonaut 509, they intro-
duced the 51 5^ The 515 contains an
enhanced version of the 509. with a
few more features added However,
the FCC ban on 10 meter amplifiers
made it illegal to build an amplifier ca~
pabie of working with the 2 watts in-
put from the Argonaut series. There-
fore, they never offered a matching
406 amplifier for the 515 Argo*

The 10 meter amplifier bill, as it is
known, made it illegal to sell any de-
vice that will amplify an RF signal be-
tween 24 MHz and 30 MHz. The bill
was introduced in the mid 1970s— a

reaction to the growing number of
sellers and users of illegal power
amps on the nearby 11 meter CS
band. Under the law. the amplifier
must not be able to amplify a signal
under 50 watts input power, and the
amplifier must not use RF sensed
switching. As you can see. this put
the 405 right in the middle of a very
deep can of worms.

The whole idea behind the bill was
to keep those amplifiers capable of
operating on the CB band (27 MHz)
out of the hands of CBers. There
were some who likened this oil! to a
sort of gun control for ham radio The
rule's usefulness is still being debat-
ed to this very day: Is it effective in
keeping those amplifiers away from
27 MHz? The CB craze of the 70s is
Jong*9one. Unfortunately, the interest
in illegal C8 amplifiers is stiil with us.

The Ten-Tec Argosy

Ten-Tec got around this amplifier
problem with a simple solution: the
Argosy transceiver. The Argosy is ca-
pable of running up to 50 watts output
on 80 through TO meters in either CW
or SSS modes. Or. it is just as happy

with an output of 5 watts, again in ei-
ther mod© you choose. The Argosy
also featured the 30 meter band, a
first in a commercial QRP transceiver
Also included with the Argosy was a
completely broadbanded receiver No
longer did you need to resonate the
fronl end of the receiver like you had
to do with the Argonauts. Of course*
the transmitter was broadbanded too*
just like the 509 and the 515 Arg-
onauts.

The Argosy also featured a noise
blanker that really worked (also a first
from Ten -Tec) and a two-stage audio
CW filter. Of course, you had the Ten-
Tec full QSK CW system in the Argosy
and PTT SS8. The Argosy did not
have a VOX circuit for phone use. Both
the audio filter and the noise blanker
were optional to the base Argosy.

The Argosy continued the tradition
of the slide -rule frequency readout
Ten-Tec used since the days of fhe
PM series The Argosy updated the
readout with a sliding LED to mark
frequency while the dial skirt read out
the nearest kHz. A pulsed calibrator
provided a marker signal every 25
kHz. The calibrator was also an op-
tional accessory on the Argosy.

You could also install several op-
tional crystal filters on this transceiv-
er The stock filter is a rather so-so
four-pole 2.7 kHz litter The eight-pole
2.1 kHz filter proved the most popular
among Argosy users, providing the
ability to switch-select between two

other crystal litters as well. Mosl peo-
ple went for the 1.8 kHz filter for im-
proved sideband performance and ei-
ther a 500 Hz or 250 Hz CW filter.
With all those fitters in place and with
the ability to operate from a battery,
the Argosy became a QRPer's de-
light. When band conditions went into
the dumpsterT you could flip a switch
and run 50 watts out.

The Argosy contained no micro-
processors or PLL It was completely
analog, including the VFO. Ol course,
just like the Argonauts, touching
the dial skirt of the VFO would
change the frequency of the rig be-
cause of hand capacitance. Withoul
microprocessor control, the Argosy
required about 200 rriA on receive.
The lack of a PLL made for an ex-
tremely quiel receiver. The Argosy did
tack one important feature though: an
RF gain control for the front end Of
the receiver.

The Good Gets Better

As great as the Argosy was. It got
better. Ten -Tec followed the original
model with the updated Argosy II.
This model incorporated features and
upgrades in the receiver from the first
model, Also, the Argosy II did away
with the slide-rule readout, in its place
is an LEO display showing you Ihe
most important digits. You don't see
the MHz on this display. The digital
display really is nothing more than a
frequency counfer counting the VFQ's

CAT-300 Repeater Controller I

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68 73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1 994

output Jf Ihe rig drifts, you'll see it on
the display. (Todays rigs monitor the
CPU and not necessarily the actual
frequency of the transmitter) The Ar-
gosy II is not an Argosy with a digital
readout* Jt is different in many ways.

The front panel layout as we)! as
the selection of the optional crystal fil-
ters remained the same, Gone is the
calibrator switch and in its place is a
switch for turning off the LED display,
(The light behind the meter remains
on though,) T?ie display increased the
receive current to 750 mA.

Ten-Tec also improved on the
noise blanker and receiver. The trans-
mitter now has full ALC control at the
5 watt GRP setting. You can now ad-
just the power level (inside control)
for the ALC at differen! settings of the
power control In my case. I have my
Argosy It set for 50 watts output, but
at a supply voltage of 12.5 volts. The
original Argosy did not have this fea-
ture on the tow power setting,

Ten-Tec also chose not to use a
microprocessor in the Argosy II.
Again, this makes for a very quiet re-
ceiver and low receive current. And,
for reasons known only at the top, the
Argosy It still tacked an RF gain con-
trol or even an ATTN switch.

Both the original and the Argosy II
are stifl sought-after. Scan through
the Yellow Sheets and you'll see ads
every week seeking an Argosy, On
the used market, be prepared to shell
out about $300 to $400 for a Argosy

An Argosy 11 will make you dig a bit

deeper around $400 to S500. de-
pending on fitters and other options. If
the Argosy series is this popular even
after being discontinued, what hap-
pened?

Sticker Shock

The basic Argosy was cheap. But.
when you started to add up all Ihe
crystal fitters, noise blanker, power
supply, microphone, and audio filter,
it really got a bit pricey. In fact, just
before Ten-Tec dropped the tine, an

The Ten- Tec Argosy

Argosy II, fully loaded, approached
$1 .000. But there was to be one more
nail in the coffin — the microprocessor,
Al the time, hams just started to
see whal Ihe microprocessor could
do when custom-installed inside
their rigs. Why. all of a sudden you
could get PLL frequency control,
TWO VFOs, memories, band scan-
ning, memory scanning, and the
list continues to this day of the bells
and whistles we have all gotten used
to. Ten-Tec followed soon afterward
with their own microprocessor rig. the

Paragon. The Omint V and Omini VI
followed, with even more chores
being controlled by a computer chip.

I've used my Argosy II as a test
bed, contest machine, on AM TOR,
CW and SSB. Yupf You'd have one
helluva time getting my Argosy from
me. In fact, you'll probably have to
pry it out of my cold, dead fingers
when I go.

Here's wishing you the best of the
holiday season. Stay tuned for more
project, reviews and other QRP good-
ies, here En the "QRP" column.

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73 Amateur Radio Today- January. 1994 69

■^b Number IS on vour Feedback care

Packet & computers

Jeffrey Sloman N1EWO
RO. Box 636
Franktin IN 46131

Getting Started with TCP/IP,
Part 4

[This is Part 4 of a series on getting
started with TCP/IP over amateur ra-
dio^ The series uses JNOS, a KA9Q
NOS implementation as the focus,
though much of the information is ap-
plicable to any variation of NOS. Non-
iBM-PC users wilt still find the informa-
tion useful, though details may vary for
NOS running on your platform, if you
see something that vanes, and would
like to share tips with other users of
the machine you own, please send
mail and t will pass afong interesting
material.. . N1EWO.J

OK, I think that most of the confu-
sion concerning versions has been
cleared up^ just to be sure, here is the
rundown:

We will be concentrating on two
versions of JJNJQS: i 07b and l,0Sc.
These two versions are wideJy dis-
tributed, though some configuration
details vary. Both versions are now on
the 73 BBS, though the "official" ver-
sion for our purposes is 1.07b. Be-

Digital Amateur Radio

cause of differences in details, it is
quite possible that 'errors" will creep
into the articles in this series — that is, I
may miss some differences and not
spell them out. If something doesn't
work with the version you are using,
please try to work with it a little before
assuming what you read here is
wrong. If you find one of these "mis-
takes1' please send me e-mail [jslo-
man@bix.com] (NOT packet mail) and
let me know.

If you are using a version of JNOS
other than these two I can guarantee
that you will find discrepancies. This
does not mean that you cannot follow
along with the version that you have. I
may even point out some of these if I
Know about them. There will be
changes In syntax and feature sup-
port. If you are using a version that is
1.10x(n), where n is any number, you
are using an experimental version and
should expect some trouble.

The Components of JNOS

Knowing the purpose of the several
files that comprise JNOS is a great
way to get started. Some of these files
are optional, but others must be pre-
cisely correct for the program to work

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at all. Let's take a look at the compo-
nents and how they are used.

NOS.EXE

This Es JNOS itself, the executable
file that does all the work. It isH of
course, not optional. The exact func-
tionality of the executable fiie you
have can vary quite a bit. JNOS is
generally distributed as source code
and compiled by the end user using a
C++ compiler. If you did not compile
the version you are using, you cannot
be sure which pieces of code were in-
cluded at compile time. The generally
available . EXE files are often compiled
with the 8088 switch rather than
80386. This means that it will run on
8088 (PC-XT, etc) machines as well
as 386/486 machines — though per-
haps a bit slower

AUTOEXEC.NOS

This file is the heart of JNOS con-
figuration— the entries in this file con-
figure JNOS at startup. This file is very
much like DOS's AUTOEXEC.BAT
Entries in it are treated as command
fine entries when the program starts.
In other words, what you put in this fife
is— in effect— typed at the command
line. The default location is in the root
directory of the drive where NOS.EXE
resides. This can be changed with the
proper command Ifne switch when you
start JNOS, or with an entry in
NOS. CFG (we'll look at this stuff
later).

There are a few essential entries in
the AUTOEXEC.NOS file. These are
basic configuration commands.
Though it is theoretically possible for
you to type these commands manually
each time you start the program, it
doesn't make much sense to do this—
it is what AUTOEXEC.NOS is for. Let's
take a first pass look at the this file to
help you get started. Well take a look
In more detail later in the series.

ax25

The ax25 command sets various
ax25 parameters, the same as if you
were programming a TNG, Among the
very first things that you must have in
your AUTOEXEC.NOS file is a com-
mand like:

ax25mycall N1EWO
where N1 EWO is, of course, your call.
This sets the call for your station as far
as the FCC and the rest of the packet
world is concerned. The ax25 com-
mand does many other things which
we will discuss later.

ATTACH

The ATTACH command attaches
an interface to the NOS program. The
most basic interface for ham radio use
is a TNC connected to a serial port.
The interface can be looked at from
several levels. It is a serial port at the
physical layer, and follows RS-232
standards, tt is also a TNC in KISS
(Keep It Simple, Stupid) mode. At the
network fayerr this interface is an ax25

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70 73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1994

connection, and an IP connection. At
the transport layer the interface uses
TCP and UDP — this also hofds for the
session layer. These layers are taken
from the OS I network reference mod-
el. This is a generic description of net-
working that divides the functions re-
quired for a data network into seven
layers'1:

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Datalink

Physical

This model is a tool to heEp think
about networking. As you can see,
some components may tit Into more
than one layer. Some networks omit
some layers unnecessary for the ap-
plication. If you don't follow this dis-
cussion, don't worry — it is presented
for background and you don't need to
understand it to make JNOS go. If you
are interested in it, you will find this in-
formation discussed in depth in any
good text on data networks.

Attaching any interlace requires is-
suing an attach command with the
proper command line parameters. Be-
low is an example of attaching a KISS
mode TNC to GOM1: at 4800 bps:

attach asy 0x3f8 A ax25 TNCO
2048 256 4800

attach is the command

asy is short for asynchronous — the

serial port interface
0x3f8 is the base port address for

COM1:
4 is the IRQ for COM 1;
ax25 specifies the interface protocol
TNCO is the (arbitrary) name of the

interface
2048 is the size — in bytes— of the

buffer to allocate for this interface
256 is the MTU (Maximum Transmis-
sion Unit)— biggest packet size — in

bytes
4800 is the data rate in bps
This is the structure of any attach
command. JNOS supports other pa-
rameters on this command line. The
first parameter, called "hardware type,"
supports things like Ethernet adapters
and internal TNC boards. The
specifics for versions and supported
hardware should be found in the latest
documentation for JNOS.

The second parameter, called 10
address," can be set to any valid port
address, usually though it wilE be one
of the four standard com ports:

COM1: Gx3f8

COM2: 0x2f8

COM3: 0x3e8

COM4: 0x2 e8

Note that the address is specified in
h&x (hexadecimal or base 16), and is
preceeded by "Ox." This prefix is a
convention Indicating that what follows
is a hex number.

The next parameter is called 'Vec-
tor, r and is the same thing as IRQ (In-
terrupt ReQuest line). This is the hard-

ware connection that is used by the
port hardware to get the computer's
attention when data is available.
These IRGs are generally set at stan-
dard values, unless you have unusual
or reconfigured hardware:

COM1: 4

COM2: 3

COM3: 4

COM4: 3

Note that ports 1 and 3 share IRQ
4h while 2 and 4 use 3 — this means
that ports 1 and 3 (or 2 and 4) cannot
be used in pairs unless reconfigured
because IRQs CANNOT BE
SHARED. This is not true on MCA or
EISA machines if you happen to have
one, but it is the general rule. So, if
you want to connect more than one
TNC to your JNOS station— the soft-
ware allows this easily — you will have
to juggle your hardware resources to
prevent conflicts.

The next parameter is called
"mode" and specifies how JNOS
should interact with whatever is on the
other side of the serial port. In this
case ax25 tells JNOS to include infor-
mation to control the KISS mode TNC
along with the data, Another option is
SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol),
which is designed for direct connec-
tions and so omits the TNC stuff.

Following mode is label," an arbi-
trary name for the interface. This
name should be representative of the
interface's function on your system; it
is for you— call it something that is

meaningful to you.

The next parameter is "outsize."
This is the sizeT in bytes of the ring
buffer, allocated for the serial port. If
this number is too small, data may be
lost. We'll discuss choosing the right
size for this parameter later during op-
timization. The default of 2048 (2K)
should suffice for most cases.

After bufsize is MTU. The Maxi-
mum Transmission Unit is the size of
the largest data packet that your sta-
tion will send on this interface. 256 is a
good default value; changing this
number will be discussed in the opti-
mization section later on the series.

Finally, there is "speed" in bps (bits
per second). The first consideration in
setting this number is that it must
match what the TNC expects on the
other end of the connection Second is
the speed of your processor. The
higher this number, the more inter-
rupts to which the CPU must respond.
Slower machines may lose data if the
number is too high. A symptom of too
high a setting is strange callsigns In
the stations heard list.

Next month we'll look at other com-
mands that you need in the AUTOEX-
EC,NOS file to get your station on the
air. Until then, keep working to get on
the air A basic JNOS station is some-
thing you should be able to put on the
air yourselt There will be three or four
more parts to this series, and I'd hate
to think that you would wait that long
to get on the air 73 de N1 EWO.

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73 Amateur Radio Today * January, 1 994 71

Atv

Number 19 on your Feedback card

Bill Brown WB8ELK
C/o 73 Magazine
70 Route 202 North
Peterborough NH 03458

ATV in Utah

White visiting the Salt Lake City
area, I had the opportunity to see two
ATV repeaters in operation.

The WB7FJD In-Band Machine

Built by Dale Jarvis WB7FJD, this
machine has been in operation since
the late 'TOs, It has an input on
426.25 MHz and outputs on 439.25

MHz. The repeater is located on a
ridge called the Point of the Mountain
and is about 1,000 feet above both
the Salt Lake Valley and the Utah Val-
ley, The equipment is housed in a mil-
itary surplus communications hut
near a hang glider launching site (see
Photo A),

Most ATV stations in the area
live either in the Salt Lake area {Salt
Lake Valley) to the north of the re-

Photo A. The WB7FID ATV repeater is
located In a military surplus communi-
cations hut located at the Point of the
Mountain between the Salt Lake City
and Utah Valleys.

Ham Television

peater or in the Provo area (Utah Val-
ley) to the south. To cover both
groups, the repeater has a pair of
wide beamwidth corner reflector an-
tennas (horizontally polarized) on
both transmit and receive that point
north and south, providing a figure-
eight type of pattern.

About 80 watts of output power is
fed into the antenna system, and after
filtering and coax loss about 20 watts
makes It to each antenna, providing
excellent coverage into the two val-
leys.

From the repeater, at its vantage
point on this strategic site, I was able
to receive nearly P-5 signals while
mobile from south of Provo, through-
out the Salt Lake City area and clear
up to the western edge of Qgden.
The city of Odgen itself is blocked by
a mountain ridge, however. Although
having an output on 439.25 MHz with
the input on 426,25 MHz Is a reverse
split from most ATV repeaters in the
country, it does tend to eliminate in-
terference to the repeater from near-
by FM repeaters, remote links and
packet,

The KA70EI Cross band Repeater

Located in the radio club ol the
University of Utah, this system was
built and designed by Clint Turner
KA70EI (see Photo C), The repeater
covers most of the Salt Lake region
from its vantage point 500 feet above
the northeast corner of the city.

Thfs repeater has an input on
439.25 MHz and outputs on 1248

MHz (FM ATV, audio subcarrier on
5.S MHz), It has a horizontally- polar-
ized corner reflector transmit antenna
with about 11 dB of gain and a very
broad pattern (about 100 degrees) to
cover the valley, With 22 watts of out-
put power, he gets about 150 watts
ERP from the antenna after coax loss
Is considered.

All of the circuitry in the repeater
was home-brewed by Clint, including
the receive down converter, IF system
and the FM ATV transmitter and am-
plifier system. He even developed a
circuit to take low-res VGA graphics
and overlay them as an ID over the
live video (see Photo B — the overlay
is near the bottom of this computer
screen).

The repeater frequency can be
changed by remote command to
426.25 MHz and the receive antenna
can also be switched from a corner
reflector to a yagL When the yagi is
switched in, Clint's repeater can re-
ceive the output of the WB7FID re-
peater and link it out on 1248 MHz
FM to help fill in some parts of the
Salt Lake City area that are shielded
from the WB7FIO machine.

A number of local AT Vers are suc-
cessfully viewing the KA70EI re-

Photo B, The computer ID screen of the KA70& crossbandATV repeater

peater on surplus satellite TV re-
ceivers (TVRQ) using an inexpensive
downverter for 1248 MHz that Clint
designed.

SLC Activity

There are a number of active sta-
tions who work through the repeaters.
A few ot the more active ATVers I
watched during my visit were Dale

Jarvis WB7FID, Paul Larson
WA7PXD, Clint Turner KA70EI, Dave
AA7IZ and Glen WA7X.

If you're passing through the area,
give a call on 145 7 A MHz (the local
ATV calling frequency)- Also check
out the repeater outputs during any
shuttle mission as they rebroadcast
the NASA select video during most
flights.

Photo C. Clint Turner KA7QEI makes an adjustment to his crossband ATV
repeater located in the radio club of the University of Utah,

72 73 Amateur Radio Today * January, 1 994

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73 Ama te ur Radio Today* January , 1994 73

Number 20 on your Feedback card

Numoer zu on your i-«

Above & beyond

VHF and Above Operation

C. L Houghton WB61GP
San Diego Microwave Group
6345 Badger Lake Ave.
San Diego C A 92119

Construction and
Workbench Practices

The ARRL 10 GHz contest first
weekend is over and time is running
out for getting our equipment ready for
the next weekend contest operation
period* This brings to mind the many
gremlins that crept in while operating
on 10 GHz during this contest 1 know
what my problems are, and I thought 3
would describe some of them to aid
you in your Field-Day-type operations.
Alsof this is a time to dust off some of
those projects that have been collect-
ing dust in the "pick-up-and-hokT bin.
I have so many projects in thfs catego-
ry that they could absorb all my "win-
ter" time,

Projects that I have on hold include
a DSP system for IBM computer oper-
ation using Qualeomm system compo-
nents, my 6 GHz SSB system, a new
bias power supply for GaAs FET am-
plifiers (described this month), and a
switch mode power supply system for

portable operations. There's no rest
for those afflicted with that swap -meet
disease called pickup'itusl

A Builder's Confession

First, I would like to offer a little

confession: I am not a perfectionist but
rather a constructor who never realty
finishes anything, Most of my projects
are in a constant state of flux. My ba-
sic premise is "Microwave Building
Blocks,1' so most projects can be or
are constructed with a building-block
modular concept. Almost all of these
have a coaxial patch cord interconnec-
tion between modules. This construc-
tion method describes most of the mi-
crowave systems and converters used
today. Those modules that are not lo-
cated through surplus or commercial
sources are home-brewed. My main
concern trying to stretch a buck as far
as it will go.

Using this reasoning, a converter is
the only viable way I have of placing
equipment on microwave frequencies
above 1296 MHz, That way I can stay
on budget. This modular equipment, a
mix and match of commercial equip-
ment, can be interfaced with my

home-brewed modules which cannot
be picked up in surplus. In this way I
can construct a system package inex-
pensively, reaping the financial re-
wards and having few drawbacks
compared to a full commercial system,
especially for the non-perfectionist.
True, the results might not look as
good as a full commercial system, but
I have been very satisfied with many
such converters in the past

Solving Field Day Problems

One drawback on my part in home-
brew construction is not being thor-
ough in the construction and testing of
the system. Little things can have dev-
astating effects. This is a little like rat-
ting on oneself, but the trouble is a
common one and 1 think it bears some
mentioning. Let me start out by de-
scribing my troubles during Field Day
operations and their resolutions,

One problem I had was a simple
one for the workbench, but in the field
proved to be nearly fatal as far as sys-
tem operation was concerned, since I
was 200 miles from the home work-
bench. What happened was that 1
broke a solder connection between my
RF-operated switching circuit and the
rec/transmit coaxial connection to the
IF radio (circuitry from my October '93
column). Without this connection 1
coutd not transmit during the first
weekend portion of the ARRL 10 GHz
contest. Despite a shakedown test for

Photo A. The simplest bias supply is a 1-1/2 volt battery for negative DC bias. (WA5VJB photo.)

+ 12V
In '

001

LM317H

+3 To 4V
Drain ?

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Value For ***Select
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3-5V « 270 Ohms
2.5-4V = 200 Ohms

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Diode /
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1N914
Or
1N4148

■H

the equipment on Saturday, I didn't
discover the problem until 1 was 200
miles from home. The shakedown was
to be a precursor to the trip north to
operate from the northern Los Angeles
sector, above Santa Barbara. We dis-
covered the station trouble when we
arrived at our northern-most location
for Sunday's operation. What can be
done on a sandy beach 200 miles
from the home workbench, without
proper repair repair facilities?

At first evaluation, the situation
seemed hopeless. What had broken
was a simple coupling capacitor pick-
ing off RF for the RF detect rec/trans
switch circuitry. It was locked in re-
ceive; transmit was dead. The TX
switching circuit was all automatic and
the relays that operate on detected RF
were not functioning. Further compli-
eating the situation was the fact that
the equipment was located in the bed
of a pickup truck, and I was in the cab
for normal remote operation.

This calamity certainly upset my
operating prospects. Taking inventory
of the situation, I discovered that the
capacitor that had broken off was sub-
ject to strain on the device; that was
my mistake during installation. (I was
still using the proto-wired circuit con-
structed dead-bug style and without a
PC board). A long trip for mobile oper-
ations could have been averted if I
had taken a little longer to install the
capacitor without strain between its
leads. Repair would have been very
simple with a soldering iron, but with
none at hand what could I do? I tried
to form the very small leads together
with part of the circuit to insert the bro-
ken capacitor onto the two points of
connection and let gravity assist the
operation. This would be flimsy at
best, and it didn't work. Just then I re-
membered the pack of Radio Shack
clip leads that J had just purchased
and pulled them out. Now the clip
leads were about 16" long and defi-
nitely not suitable for RF work. Howev-
er, by cutting the wire away from the
alligator clip f was able to use two
clips to clip the capacitor in place.

This was sort of like using a
clothespin to hold things together. I left
the insulation on the clip lead and it
worked well. What a blessing to have
the clip leads on hand! They were pur-

Bias
-1.5V

270 2K

-10
+ MFD

10
MFD

Figure t Schematic for bias power supply. Adjust positive voitage with selection of LM317 resistor as indicated by **\ Note: 470 ohm resistor at the imput of the 555
chip (pins 4&8) is mounted on the PC board to + 12 volts. This maintains a stiff -1.5 volts bins output at minimum pot output from the negative bias supply,
74 73 Amateur Radio Today * January, 1 994

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73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1994 75

P/0 Brass Shim Stock
3/4" Wide .015 Thick Mln,

Power Supply Bias
FET Amp Board PC Board

3t'

Brass Shim Stock .015 Min

FT
Cap

PC Board Bottom Plate

Ftgure 2, Amplifier container construction. Solder (be bottom of the PC boards to
brass shim stock skies. Solder amp PC board and bias PC power supply board
together. Locate the holes (or coaxial connectors for the amp and f&edthrough
cap for the power supply before soldering the boards together. Use aluminum foil
or copper foil for the top of the container

chased on the spur of the moment at
Radio Shack when t picked up a new
catalog, Radto Shack now charges for
catalogs but with each catalog comes
a coupon good for the catalog pnce on
your next purchase. The coupon is
what purchased the clip leads. Lucky
for meT to say the least. Am t ratling
on myself? Yes, but the point is thai
when we operate in the field unexpeet*
ed things can and will happen. The
thing to do is to attempt to be pre-
pared. In this case a quick connection
broke under stress. Unfortunately it
took me about 30 minutes of fiddling
with the capacitor and clip leads to
make field repairs.

Clearly, some portable repair equip-
ment might be in order. However, a
better approach would be to be more
careful in test and assembly. This is
where my original problem took root,
especially using the prototype? PC
board which was constructed dead-
bug fashion, I should have potted the
midair connections In silicon to give
some rigidity. To prevent similar prob-
lems In your equipment, use careful
construction techniques and test each
connection carefully. A little prepara-
tion at this level of test and construc-
tion can save much grief later when it
car pop up and be difficult to spot.

I don't know just how the original
soldering job looked because I de-
stroyed much of the connection by po-
sitioning the clips. Each solder joint
should be made by heating the con-
nection prior to applying solder to the
junction. Many of us apply a glob of
solder to wet the contact and let the
metal flow before removing the iron.
With this type of conection between
solder and contact, the chance of a
rosin connection or poor electrical
connection is great Soldering each
connection by letting the pans reach
temperature and allowing solder to
flow, still applying a little heat, would
further ensure good adhesion and sol-
do rabiJity. So much for a parts junkie.
At least I plan to take a portable sol-
dering iron along as pan of the field
equipment in the future. I obtained a
temperature-controlled handle and
heating element Weller WTCP type
unit and the heating element was
good* I married the cord to a pair of
clip leads as the element is made to
operate from 24 volts AC. My portable
station runs on 24 volts DC so the iron

wont know the difference if it gets the
call for action.

Repair of the circuitry couldn't have
come at a better time as our best 10
GHz distance contact was just about
to happen: Jack XE2/N6XQ operating
in Mexico, just short of 1 ,000 km south
of our position — an alt over-ihe-waier
shot. My partner Kerry N6IZW worked
him first just as I was getting, every*
thing back in order. I made the contact
with Jack and the quality was so good
we earned on a conversation for a few
minutes, I never thought that my day
would be saved by Radio Shack, but it
was. This is the longest contact I have
ever made on 10 GHz SSB, and with-
out the lowly dip cords it would not
have been. Our contact was a
formidable distance but there were
West Coast record shots from others
to come.

Conditions that day were excellent.
Kerry and I worked Jack N6XO/XE2
for a distance of 586 miles — not bad
considering we were tired of driving
from San Diego to north of Santa Bar-
bara, WeVe got to thank Jack for his
dedication in making the trip to Mexico
for the contest: his was quite a long
trip, (I'll get some of his experiences
for a later column,) It would have been
nice to be included in the record shot
but we were tired after several hours
of driving and wanted to set up opera-
tions before 9 a.m. I am very satisfied
that Kerry and I were both able to
make any contact at all with JackT con-
sidering the equipment difficulties I ex-
perienced. Kerry and I run very similar
rigs, both 10W TWT transmitters and
receivers in the 3 dB system noise fig-
ure range with 30" -off-center feed
dishes.

This record shot was proceeded on
Saturday, August 22+ by a contact that
qualified for the record books, it onfy
for a day. Chip N6CA, Dave
WA6CGR. and Gordon WB6YLI
worked Jack from Refugio Pass near
Santa Barbara, California, to Jack
XE2/N6XQ at the same location. The
distance for this contact was 613
miles.

A new North American record on
10 GHz was made on Sunday, August
23, 1993, by Dave Glawson
WA6CGR, operating out of Point Sur,
California, and Jack N6XQ/XE2, locat-
ed at Vizcaino Peninsula In Baja Cali-
fornia. The distance covered on this

PC Board

4 +

U-Ground Straps On Sources Of FET
From Top Of Board Trace To Bottom
Ground FoiL Use Shortest Possible Leads,

Wire Soldered
From Source
Lead Over FET
And Soldered On
Other Side Of FET
On Source

^^ Stripline On
PC Board

Mitsubishi FET
MGF-1302, 1402, etc,

Top View

1. Gate

2. Source CTwo Each)

3. Drain

Figure 3. FET shielding details.

single-hop microwave contact was
632.66 miles, for a new North Ameri-
can 10 GHz record. Jack was running
his 3 watt home-brew transceiver and
30" dish. Dave was using his convert-
ed MA/COM transceiver with 1-25
watts and a 27" dish. Receiver perfor-
mance was simitar, with about a 3 dB
noise figure on either end. Quite a mi-
crowave shot (single hop), to say ihe
[east. Congratulations to all!

Construction Projects

1 thought I would include the data
on one of the projects that I wrapped
up recently. It's a neat little bias power
supply lor GaAs FET am-
plifiers. I constructed this
one due the expense ($2)
of the ICL-7660 chip that I
have used in the past fn
its place I substituted a
more common 555 timer
chip (SO. 45). tt requires
more component parts,
but at (east they are com-
mon and easier to obtain.
See Figure 1 for the
schematic details and
Figure 4 for the PC board
layout and parts place-
ment. I made Ihe power
supply small so it would
coexist in the same enclo-
sure with the RF pre amp
for packaging simplicity. A
simpfe modification would
be to add a second bias
pot should you wish to
use this board in a dual-
stage application. I pre-
sented such an amplifier
last month, shown as a
dual-stage MGF-1402

preamplifier with a dual-bias supply.

The bias supply was used this way
to overcome the use of several con-
nection leads. The use of several am-
plifiers or component parts of the
"building block approach'1 was to
make each unit a module with mini-
mum leads for interconnection to the
associated circuitry. Coupled with a
diode for reverse voltage protection,
we have a measure of self-assurance
that the circuitry is protected from
abuse by not hooking up leads incor-
rectly.

The two boards (amplifier and pow-
er supply) are connected by soldering

Figure 4. PC board layout and parts placement dia-
gram, Drilled and etched PC boards are available
for $3.50 plus $1.50 S&H from FAR Circuits,
18N64Q Field Cl, Dundee fL 607 18,

76 73 Amateur Radio Today* January. 1 994

the bottom ground foil of the preamp
board and the bottom ground foil of
the power supply together. When the
boards are assembled together,
bench-test the unit and complete it pri-
or to placing it in a container. See Fig-
ure 2 Tor details on the brass shim
stock container. The basic PC board
arrangement is not strong by itself so
it is beefed up by the brass stock to
form a container. To add the box and
strength to the PC boards, we shape
brass around the PC boards to form
our container sides for the amp and
power supply, I use 3/4'-wlde shim
stock that is about 0.015* thick. This
brass stock is available in most hobby
shops.

Before soldering the brass sides 10
the boards, locate the RF connector
holes and drill them to fit the board
and solder together. I use SMA con-
nectors for almost all RF work as they
match the size of the amplifier closely.
When the brass stock is soldered to
the PC boards the amplifier and power
supply as a unit is quite rigid. In the

units that 9 have constructed I connect
the coaxial connectors to the PC
board prior to assembly in the brass
enclosure I drill the holes to clear Ihe
connectors and wrap the brass stock
around the PC board with the power
supply attached. After I have fash-
ioned the entire piece of brass, formed
to deaf the connectors and having a
hole for the feed -th rough capacitor to
be mounted last I solder the unit to-
gether using a small bench vise to
hoW the bent sections together for sol-
dering.

True, this type of container does
not hold a candle to a commercially
fab nested unit, but it will do the same
trick: provide shielding. I position the
PC board sides up about 3/16" from
the bottom of the brass to clear the
power supply and amplifier leads. The
bottom can be soldered to another
brass sheet or PC board stock to
close off and shield the bottom of the
amp, The top can be shielded by
formed tin foil for testing, A stiff er cop-
per or other metal foil can be used in

Ihe final version.

A few tricks might be in order con-
cerning the stability of microwave
amplifiers, particularly when located
mstde of boxes. The boxes can act
tike waveguide and make a good amp
unstable when placed in the box. The
box looks like a section of resonant
waveguide. There are several meth-
ods to stabilize amplifiers built this
way. One is to add a small brass shim
plate over the FETT effectively shield-
ing the input of the FET from the out-
put (this also breaks up the waveguide
effect). See Figure 3, FET shielding.
This shield is soldered to the common
source leads and common ground like
a brick wail over a freeway. A small
slot to clear the FET connections is
cut into the wall for FET clearance,
Additionally a short piece of Insulated
wire is placed over the FET and
soldered on each side of the FET to
each source lead (source leads are
grounded).

Another trick Is to place static foam
over the power supply amplifier on

top of the component parts. It can
touch the components as Its resis-
tance is quite high: in the 100k or
megohm range. If this works, but not
really effectively, you need to lake a
drastic last step that is just shod of
black magic. What you do here is find
some broken ferrite cores or broken
ferrite material and glue an irregular
pattern of them onto a lid or top plate
on the enclosure. This will break up
the waveguide syndrome inside the
box. You might get by with only one of
these methods or you might have to
use all of fhem togeiher, It's a little
"cut and try.* Nothing is guaranteed.
Remember As microwave FETs are
used at lower frequencies their gain
becomes quite large and stability is
an increasing problem. Good luck
with your amps, may they all be
stable.

That's it for this month. As always, I
will be glad to answer questions con-
cerning VHF-to-microwave topics.
Please include an SASE for prompt
reply. 73 Chuck WB6IGP.

•tf

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73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1 994 77

Ask kaboom

Number 21 on your Feedback card

Your Tech Answer Man

Michael J. GeierKBWM
c/o 73 Magazine
Route 202 North
Peterborough NH 03458

The Essential Element

Over the nearly five years I've
been writing this column, Ive tried to
cover just about every facet of our ra-
dios1 innards, in the hope that 1 might
help you fix and understand your ham
gear a little better We've looked at
RF. IF and AF stages, microproces-
sors, the art of reading schematics,
and more basic stuff like Ohms Law
and scientific notation of parts values.

In order to follow a schematic and
make sense ot the circuit's stages,
though, it is vital that you understand
the operation of the essential element
that is at the heart of virtually every-
thing electronic: the transistor. Now,
I'm not saying that you need to under-
stand il at the "holes and carriers11
physics level. In fact, you don't need
to know that at all. What you do need
to know, though, is how a transistor
operates in the real world. If you can
see how changes in the signal to the
transistor's base affect the flow of cur-
rent across the collector and emitter,
you can go a long way toward under-
standing why circuits are wired the
way they are. Also, you're much more
apt to recognize performance prob-
lems when you see them. So, let's
take a look at the most basic, com-
mon active element in any circuit: the
bipolar transistor, so called because
of its two polarity-enhanced types of
semiconductor material.

It Takes All Kinds

There are two basic kinds of bipo-
lar transistors: NPN and PNR These
designations refer to the voltage po-
larities in the chemical "doping" of the
semiconductor material, and are relat-
ed to the polarities you must place on
the three terminals In order to make
the device work. Those terminals are
named Emitter, Base and Collector.
Take a look at Figure 1 to see how
they're shown schematically. If the ar-
row on the emitter faces outward, the
transistor is NPN. If it goes in, toward
the center line, the part is PNP.

The important letter is the middle
one, because it specifies what polarity

must be placed on the base, relative
to the emitter, to turn the transistor on.
Notice that this polarity Is strictly rela-
tive to the voltage on the emitter the
transistor has no idea where true
ground in the circuit is. It only re-
sponds to what is connected to it.
That has important implications, as
we'll see later on.

Keeping Current

Bipolar transistors are called "cur-
rent-operated" devices, while FETs
(fie Id -effect transistors) are known as
"voltage-operated1' components. It's a
confusing terminology with a fairly
straightforward explanation. Look at
Figure 2 and you'll see that the inter-
nal construction of the transistor is
very similar to thai of two diodes. Cur-
rent can flow between the base and
emitter, and between the collector and
the emitter, but never between the
base and collector So why not just
use two diodes? Weil, the magic of
the transistor that makes it useful is
that the diode between the collector
and emitter only conducts when cur-
rent Is flowing between the base and
the emitter! And, it lakes onfy a small
current between B and E to create a
path for a much larger current from C
to E. And that's why transistors have
gain.

Regarding the current vs. voltage
operation issue, take another look at
that B-to-E junction. It's just a diode.
right? There are two things about
diodes that are Important here. First
they are low-impedance devices Sec-
ond, they have a fixed voltage drop—
they are not simply resistors. The volt-
age drop across a silicon diode is
about 0.6 volts. So, If you apply more
than that, the diode conducts until
there's just 0.6 volts across it. The re-
sult is that signals applied to the base
of a transistor look Ilka they're getting
chopped off to a 0.6 volt level (assum-
ing the emitter is connected to
ground — remember, the 0.6 volts is
only relative to the emitter). So, what
good is that? Well, the current flowing
through the diode will vary as the in-
coming signal's voltage fluctuates,
and it's that current which adjusts the
conductance of the C-to-E diode. And
that's why bipolar transistors are
known as current-operated devices.

NPN

PNP

FETs operate on very different princi-
ples, because there's no diode be-
tween a FETs gate (its equivalent of
a base) and the rest of the transistor.
The "junction11 is more like a capacitor
FETs have extremely high input
impedances, so the input current is
negligible. The voltage of the incom-
ing signal is what affects the FET's
conductance, so they are 'Voltage-
operated11 devices.

NPN

By far, the most common polarity of

transistors is the NPN. It has become
so for two reasons. First, most circuit-
ry made today uses negative ground,
and the NPN architecture works well
In that configuration because it implies
positive signals on the base. Second,
NPN devices are easier and cheaper
to make.

In an NPN transistor, the base
must go positive with respect to the
emitter for the C-to-E junction to turn
on, So, in a normal negative-ground
circuit, the emitter will be found con-
nected to ground, either directly or
through a resistor, transformer coil or
other DC path. (There may also be a
capacitor in parallel with the resistor,
in order to lower the impedance and
increase the gain at the signal fre-
quency, but that doesn't affect the DC
performance.) The collector will be
connected to the positive power sup-
ply. Again, a resistor may or may not
be present. There must be a resis-
tance, though, in one of the two lines
{E or C) or the transistor will attempt
to dissipate the entire power supply
and be destroyed!

Take a look at Figure 3, When the
transistor is turned on by a positive
signal at the base1 it looks, as far as C
and E are concerned, like a poten-
tiometer whose wiper is being wiggled
by the incoming signal. Current flows
between C and E, and the resistance
to it varies with the current flowing be-
tween B and E. If we take our output
from Point 2, it will be a faithful replica
of the input signal, except that the
much larger current from the power
supply will be available. That's called
current amplification. And, because
the emitter's signal follows that of the
base, the circuit is called an emitter
follower.

If we take the output from Point 1,
though, it's a very different story. Now,
the circuit looks like two resistors in
series, the two being the top one, and

the transistor itself plus the bottom
one. Thinking back to Ohm1s Law, you
can see that, as the resistance ratio
between the two varies greatly, the
voltage at Point 1 will swing just about
all the way from ground to the full sup-
ply voltage. In fact the signal will in-
vert, as the current between B and
E rises, the voltage at Point 1 will go
down! And, as the base current falls,
the voltage at Point 1 will go up be-
cause it isn't being pulled down
to ground by the transistor. So, the
output signal will be upside down, but
its total voltage swing will be much
bigger than that of the original input
signal. That's called voltage amplifica-
tion.

PNP

In a PNP transistor the operation is
exactly the same, except that all the
polarities will be reversed. PNP tran-
sistors are commonly used as positive
power switches. In that application,
the emitter is connected to the posi-
tive power supply, and a resistor is
placed between B and E (see Figure
4). That keeps B at the same voltage
as E. so no current flows between
them and the transistor is kept off.
When B is pulled down toward ground
by an external signal, though, it is now
negative with respect to the emitter
and the transistor turns on, allowing
current to flow between C and E,
You'll often see this configuration In
circuits which need to be turned on
and off from a microprocessor or sig-
nal processing chip. A good example
is the audio amp on a handheld.
When the squelch is closed, the tran-
sistor is kept off and the audio amp
chip gets no power. When a signal is
received, the squelch circuit pulls
down the base and current flows
through the transistor to the amp chip.
If you suspect a malfunction in such a
circuit, check the voltage between E
and B, not from B to ground, if It's
very close to zero, the transistor is not
being turned on. If the base is nega-
tive, though, it should be turning on. If
there's still no voltage on C, the tran-
sistor may be open. Because they of-
ten carry significant current, transis-
tors in this application tend to blow
more often than others.

Testing, Testing

You can test a bipolar transistor
with an ohmmeter, as long as the part
is out of circuit. For an NPN device.

Rgure 1. Schematic symbols for NPN and PNP transistors. Note the arrow's direc-
tion for each.

78 73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1994

Figure 2. Theoretical NPN and PNP transistors, each composed of two diodes*

connect the positive lead to C
and the negative one to E.
With B touching E, no current
should flow. Now touch B to
C and the transistor should
conduct. It is normal for it to
have significant resistance.
(Jf you can't get a reading, try
reversing the ohmmeter
leads: some ohmrreters are
wired backwards.) For a PNP
part, the procedure is the
same, except the ohmmeter
leads must be reversed from
whichever arrangement
works For NPNs. Once you
get it straightened out, this
method makes a great way to
leil PNPs from NPNs.

If switching the base lead
back and forth from E lo C
doesn't produce the desired
effect, the pari is probably
bad. There are other prob-
Figure 3. Another theoretical mode* for a transit lems which can occur, bul
tor is composed of resistors. This modet is tike a this procedure will catch the
potentiometer with the base- fed signal wiggling vast majority of bad bipofars,
the wiper. Two warnings: First, be sure

Figure 4. A common configustion for a
PNP transistor includes a resistor con-
necting the emitter to the base.

the transistor you wish to test is. in
fact, bipolar, because you can ruin an
FET that way. Second, use the lowest
ohms scale that will give a readable
indication, so that you don't pump too
much current through the transistor
Bul remember, you're fighting, a 0.6
volt drop, so you can"! test with a
nearly dead battery in your on m meter,

Exploring the Unknown

Now that you know how a transis-

tor is connected, you can figure out
whether an unknown transistor Is PNP
or NPN, as long as you can figure out
which lead is the emitter, without even
taking it off the board. {If the case isn't
marked, figure the leftmost lead, with
the fiat of the case facing you and the
leads going down, will be the emitter
Now and Ihen it may not be, but It
usually is,) Here's how: If E is con-
nected to ground, through a resistor,
transformer or other DC path, then the
part is probably NPN. lft however.
E goes toward the positive power
supply, then most likely it's a PNP
part

Well, J hope you've enjoyed our [it*
tie journey through the world of the
bipolar transistor. Remember, even
though you can't see 'em. microscopic
transistors are the essentia! elements
Of ICs too. Analyzing ICs. though, is
much different and much harder, be-
cause there are lots of transistors on
one chip and they may be connected
in complex ways But the principles of
their operation are much the same.

Until next time, 73 de KB1 UM

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Number 22 on your Feedback card

m iMumoer zz on your reeaoai

73 INTERNATIONAL

Amie Johnson N1BAC
43 Old Homestead Hwy.
N. Swanzey NH 03431

Notes from FN42

As I mentioned last month, the
Crotched Mountain Rehabilitation
Center has some new hams* Chris
N0CUH sent me their names and
caflsigns. Three of the four new
hams are on packet and I'm sure that
they would love to receive packet
messages from around the world.
Give it a go: Kristin N1PQB, Shot
N1PQC, and Katie N1QGR Ail can be
reached at WA1WOK.NHMSA.
NOAM. The fourth, Gena N1PPX, is
not on packet yet but I'm sure you
coutd get a message to this new ham
if you send it to Chris at the same
BBS.

Ahr the beginning of another new
year! Time sure flies when you're hav-
ing fun. 1993 has been a great year
for me when it comes to ham radio, i
was able to assist in a ham radio class
for new hams, be involved in Volun-
teer Examiner (VE) tests that brought
new hams into the hobby or helped
others to upgrade, and be involved in
VHF/UHF contests and Fiefd Day with
feilow hams. And I can't forget the fun
of Hosstraders, a semi-annual outdoor
ham flea market (the best deals hap-
pen on Friday night or so they say)^
The proceeds go the the Shrine Bum
Hospital in Boston. That's a great way
for hams to help others and to enjoy
yourself as welL

t don't know about your but Vm
looking for a bigger and better year as
a ham in 1994. I hope thai alt of you
have a great New Year as weiii 73 1
AmieNlBAC,

Roundup

Africa Information from STARS
News, issue 1, September 1993. Sier-
ra Leone: Due to the political and
economic situation. SLARS is unable
to function effectively. Ham operations
take pface only In remote areas under

special supervision from the Secretary
of State. In Freetown, hams are still
waiting to hear from the authorities.
Ghana: The ban on amateur radio op-
erations was lifted on March 19, 1993.
On March 30. Kofi Jackson 9G1AJ in-
augurated the station of the Merwede
Hospital (Hofland) in Dorma Ahenkro,
Uganda: Also last March, the ban, im-
posed in the early 1970s, was lifted. In
May, an American DXpedition operat-
ed as 5X1 DX. Kenya: After the one at
the Kisumu Academy, RSK started an-
other school project, this time in Nairo-
bi Novice and Intermediate licenses
have been introduced. Tanzania:
Three SWLs passed their exams and
are now working towards their CW,
coached by Max 5Z5MR. Lesotho:
Six new licensees are regulariy oper-
ating the PADC (Promoting Amateur
Radio in Developing Countries) -spon-
sored club station (7P8NUL). The new
Radio Management Bureau, headed
by Mr, Mandoro, invited LARS to ad-
vise on amateur radio matters, Various
items have already been discussed,
such as the RAE and the possibility of
a Novice license. Swaziland: The
training courses at Sisekelo High
School generated 13 new licensees;
on April 30. the club station participat-
ed in SAREX, Four students actually
spoke to the space shuttle, causing
tremendous enthusiasm around them
(other students and parents were
watching). Courses for a full license
are in progress. Approaches are being
made to have the South African exam
be written in Mbabane, Mozambique:
The PADC club station has been in-
stalled tn Maputo. They are running
CW courses. The club is working on
its constitution and will soon apply for
JARU membership. Zambia: RSZ held
an AGM last May, Out of 40 licensees,
eight showed up, a ion g with two repre-
sentatives from the licensing authority.
Chris Cotton 9J2CP was elected
chairman and Fred Bunce 9J2FB sec-
retary. Zimbabwe: ZARS has a new
president, Howard Kramer Z21EK.

U/V/HF DX Expedition,

KIN MEN [stand

10 TA A$ * t

BV0ARL/9

f #■ R 1 f fl -I it f Ut & Or
Chinese Taipei Amateur Radio League.

Photo A. QSL card from the DX Expedition to Quemoy Island in December 1992,

Photo B. Operation from Quemoy (R-L): Tim Chent BV2A; Chen Chang-yeer PTD,
MQC; Joe Chen BV2U.

SO 73 Amateur Radio Today * January, 1 994

They have set up a club station at the
university with two licensed members
and 20 students.

"News Focus Africa* is a weekly
feature in the "Amateur Radio Mirror
International" broadcast every Sunday
by ZS6TJ at 0800 UTC on 7,080,
14,282. 14.292 MHz (and on 7,093 in
AM) and repeated on Monday at 1800
UTC on 371 8 and 14.282 MHz (and
on 7,093 in AM). Tune in and letm
have your news and inio. Africa Tele-
com 94 will be held in Cairo from April
25-29,1994.

If you like the Information presented
here, you can cut out the middle
man (73) and receive your own copy
of the STARS News by contacting:
Hans Welens ON6WQ, Meehelses-
teenweg 45, B-2500 Lier, Belgium
(Tei: +32.3.4891333 or Fax: +32.3.
4881357). [A fult list of members of the
STARS Working Group is avaiiable in
the V3 Internationai" area of the 73
BBS (603-924-9343, 300-2400 bps,
3-N-1),—Amie]

The Netherlands On Target is the
newsletter from Radio Netherlands. It
carries information on the programme
line-up and the persona titles involved.
If you have comments. On Target has
opened many channels of communi-
cations. You can send electronic mes-
sages concerning their English pro-
grammes through FIDONET, Internet,
and CompuServe, Just route the mes-
sage via MCI Mail to Jonathan Marks,
account number 338-2983, You can
phone the Radio Netherlands answer-
line on +31 35 724222 (24 hours a
day). They also welcome your letters
sent to English Section, Radio Nether-
lands, P.O. Box 222, 1200 JG Hilver-
sum, The Netherlands. You can also
fax them on +31 35 724352, but
please mark the fax for the attention of
the English Department. If you live in
the Indian Subcontinent, write to them
at English Section, Radio Netherlands,
P.O. Box 5257, Ghana Kya Puri Post
Office, New Delhi 110021, India.
Those letters will then be forwarded,

U.S.A. Letter from Sociedad inter-
nacionai de Radio Aficionados (SIRA):
Once again, the Miami-based So-
ciedad Internacional de Radio Afi-
cionados {SIR A), or international Soci-
ety of Amateur Radio Operators, per-
formed an outstanding public service

before and after Hurricane Gert
siammed into the Atlantic coast of
Nicaragua. The WB4ESB SIRA NCS
was activated on September 14 at
9:30 p,m, EOT on 14. 153 MHz and
was active 18 hours a day through
September 21 at 10:30 p,m* EOT Re-
fief communications were also han-
dled with many Panamanian,
Guatemalan, San Salvadorean, Hon-
duran, Costa Rican, Ntcaraguan, and
Mexican stations.

Several countries participated dur-
ing the eight consecutive days that
WB4ESB was translating all bulletins
issued by the National Hurricane Cen-
ter (NHC) in Cora! Gables, Florida, in-
to Spanish, The SiRA NCS started in-
structing other amateurs and radio
clubs about the possibilities of surges,
mudslides, tidal waves, flash floods,
and overflowing rivers,

Also7 SIRA managed to get two
meteorologists, Lazaro Domlnguez
from WLTV-23 and Felix de fa Osa
WB4DLY from the NHC, to taik with
several officers and personnel from
Civil Defense in various countries, in
order to make them aware of the dan-
ger of flash floods and complete evac-
uation procedures. Gert's torrential
rain prediction, 5-10 inches (and more
in the high regions), was a huge threat
for all the Central American countries,

WB4ESB was managed in Miami by
Rafaef Estevez WA4ZZG, Marta Bs-
tevez KB4AW, Sebastian Jaime
WB4LZRt Valeria no Builes HK4BTV/
W4, Roberto Fernandez WB4RDD,
and Jorge Qulntero WD4JVN* The
SiRA NCSs in other countries were
Jose Alvarez TG9MP, Fietro Lunanuo-
va YV4WR, Luis Peratta TI2LFPT
Jaime Poticart HP 1 MP, Cesar Landae-
ta YV5ID, and Rafael Garcia HiBRGQ.

Our thanks to the many other sta-
tions who acted as relays and kept the
nearby frequencies clear. As usualt
7. 163 MHz was also used late at night
and early in the morning to continue
the communications with some coun-
tries, due to the short skip.

With $0 many hours of prevention,
the sad part of this story is that more
than 15,000 people were left home-
less and a total of 59 were dead in
four countries (Tf YN, HR. XE)r Merci-
less Ged was another hurricane killer

Continued on page 82

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232 TE Systems 59

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73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1994 81

73 INTERNATIONAL

Continued from page 80

sweeping through Central America
and Mexico.

Beyond differences of language,
nationality, religion, and/or political
systems, SIR A again achieved the
goats defined in its motto— Tomenla-
mos la Henmandad y La Buena Vol tin-
ted." mWe Enhance Brotherhood and
Goodwill.*

for further information about SIRA.
please write, call or fax SiRA's presi-
dent: Rafael M, Estevez WA4ZZG,
P.O. Box 524071. Miami Ft 33152-
4071; (305) 322-1683.

CANARY ISLANDS
SPAIN

Woodson Gannaway N5KVB/EAS

Apartado 11

35450 Santa Maria de Guia

(Las Pafmas de Gran Canaria)

fsfas Canarias. Espana

Hello again from EAS-land. The old
ham radio club of this part of the is-
land (the northwest) is becoming ac-
tive again after many years. This is the
same Club that fielded the ham's fa-
mous "tnp around the island by burra."
And foxhunting seems to finally be
getting started here. They also spon-
sored a series of evening public talks
on various aspects of our hobby dur-
ing the recent September holiday cele-
brations in Guia- This year, I finally

made the "Romeria* in typical tradl*
tionat costume, camera at the ready. If
a friend got a decent shot of me, ill
send it along with the next report.

Most hams at least know where the
Canary Islands are located, but that's
not true of the general public. They
simply have no idea, and neither did
we when we first started thinking
about moving here in 19861 We did
what research we could but learned lit-
tle, and most of what we learned was
either wrong or outdated. So, we
found lots of surprises. Nothing could
have prepared us for the incredible
physical beauty of the archipelago.
Another pleasant surprise was finding
a varied International community.
Since in the afternoons and evenings I
wear the hat of a private English tutor
and many of these people want their
children to learn English, I'm in their
homes every day. For some reason
most of my students are Oriental, and
anyone who has bought the myth of
the "inscrutable Oriental" obviously
hasn't gone to their homes to teach
their children English,

I well remember arriving at one
apartment to start a new class. Often
they will set out a pair of slippers for
you to put on when you take off your
Shoes. As I stopped in the entryway to
take oft my shoes, I glanced into the
living room to meet the reluming
glances of the mother and her friends.
Then they followed my gaze down to
the slippers set out for me. My size

10-1 /2s were dwarfing the size seven
slippers set out for me, and they were
ihe biggest they had. The result was
uproarious laughter from all sides,
adults and children alike When it had
subsided. I was enjoying it too, and
the apologies called for by their high
sense of courtesy were made and re-
ceived through big smiles and a few
lingering chuckles. The Ice was bro-
ken with that family.

Another lime a little Japanese girl,
very well disciplined but also full of
spirit had just gotten new hand pup-
pets. So after class, while her mother
and I drank tea. she treated us to a
puppet show off the edge of the table.
Immediately we had a sequence of
classroom pandemonium, students
wrestling on the floor, teachers repri-
manding those responsible, ail accom-
panied by an ample range of sound ef-
fects and more uproarious laughter,
These aren't isolated incidents, so
maybe you get the idea.

As any teacher, classroom or Indi-
vidual knows, you can only allow stu-
dents to loosen up to Ihe degree that
they will settle back down to work
when you give the word. But the team-
ing experience can be enriched im-
measurably by including such digres-
sions. So it's really worthwhile to look
for the balance point and use it to Ihe
utmost from time to time. It seems to
help with my rebellious children (and I
get a lot; again. I don't know why), and
its one ol the acceptable ways | give

them to let off some steam so that,
hopefully, they won't feel they have to
disobey or try to thwart me on Ihe im-
portant points.

Until next time, 73 from Woodson,
N5KVB/EA&

ISRAEL

Ron Gang 4X1 MK

Kibbutz Vrim

DM Hanagev 35530

Israel

IARC Wins Court Precedent
Against Jammers After the Israel
Amateur Radio Club (IARC) jammer
trackers caught two pirates disrupting
2 metre and 70 cm FM repeater traffic
in Tel AvtvH the organization decided to
take matters into Its own hands. This
came as a result of dissatisfaction with
the authorities' lack ot action in the
matter:

After the IARC promised not to file
for damages against the offenders, the
jammers pleaded gullly. The lactic
was to gain a legal precedent In this
civil case to be used in future lawsuits
against jammers. The of lenders were
obligated to cease all operations, so
the QRM was effectively squelched.

Without going into the intricacies of
the verdict, the main points of the out-
come are as folio ws:

tT The repeater frequencies "be-
long* to the IARC, and there is no
such thing as just happening to be
conducting a QSO on the repeater's

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CIRCLE 1 12 ON READER SERVICE CARD

82 73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1 994

input frequency, Thus, anyone noi a
member of the JARC may no I use Ihe
frequencies of the IARC repealers.

2. Likewise, anyone not a licensed
radio amateur may not use the fre-
quences exclusively designated for
the amateur service, and thus may be
sued. (This may sound like a redun-
dant reiteration of the radio regula-
tions, but bear in mind that this is a
precedent- setting judgment in a civil
court )

3. The government attorney gener-
al set down that the police action
against intentional interference was no
longer contingenl on a criminal com-
plarnt by the Ministry of Communica-
tions alone (the previous procedure).

The bottom line is that the victims
of intentional interference are no
longer dependent on the Ministry of
Communications, admittedly under*
Staffed and underbudgeled and often
accused of being ineffective. Now suf-
ficient evidence may be collected
against the jammer, and the police
may be called directly. How effective
will this precedent be? Only time and
the prosecution of the next culprit will
tell.

Rich 4X1 DA published a paper in
the IARC magazine HAGAL detailing
some of the methods that are used to
nab jammers. Outside ol Doppier and
triangutation direction finding methods,
every transmitter has its own charac-
teristic "fingerprint" in terms of how it
keys up each time it transmits on the

frequency, and with the use of a com-
puter its easy to catalog everyone's
"fingerprints" and then identify an
unidentified transmission. This also
provides solid condemning evidence.
Even a repeater "kerchunker" can be
identified this way.

[We ran out of room this month, but
this needs to gel In. As of midnight,
December 31. 1993, 4XtRU HF/VhF
packet BBS wilt go off the air due to
many reasons. Full story next
month. — Amie}

MONACO

Daniel Pleit 3A2LZ

BR 349

MC 98007

Monaco

We've had a big month here in
Monaco. Maybe this will be of interest
to you.

On the 15th ol October. His Serene
Highness. Prince Albert, was a guest
of the Association des Radio* Ama-
teurs de Monaco (A.R.M.). The
A.R.M.. Monaco's national amateur ra-
dio society, was celebrating 40 years
of existence and the official opening of
its new facilities. This location is pro-
vided by the Monagasque govern-
ment. During the ceremonies. Prince
Albert was awarded the callsign
3AOAG.

Representatives from French and
Italian amateur organizations also at-
tended. Representing the R.E.F. (from

France) was F6AXX. F6GEZ also
came, representing the Alpes-Mar-
itime region, which surrounds Monaco.
I1BYH came to represent the A.R.I,
(from Italy) and presented a pennant
and plaque as a show of friendships to
the ARM,

During the week of 10-17 October,
Monaco hams activated a special call-
sign, 3A4GARM. This contact is worth
two points for awards offered by the
A.R.M, Using 2 meters to coordinate
their activities, they kept the callsign
active on most HF bands and on CW,
SSB. and RTTY. All QSLing is being
done by (he association through the
bureau.

Best 73, Daniel 3A21X

TAIWAN

Ttm Chen BV2A

RO. Sox 30-54?

Taipei. Taiwan

China

The Chinese Taipei Amateur Radio
League (CTAfiL) dispatched an expe-
dition group of 16 opera to rs/techni-
dans to initiate the first BV9 amateur
radio— BV0ARU9 — on ihe Quemoy
Island, 320 km southwest of Taiwan,
for an eight-day operation (ram De-
cember 24 to 31 f 19^; The group at*
rived safely and came bacK to Taiwan
by air transport. Owing to crowded air
traffic, all persons were forced to book
first-class seats at twice the expense.
The total expenses, amounting to ap-

proximately US$9,000, were jointly
borne by all participants. The Trimmer
Company was most generous, lending
all rigs and antennas for the operation.
Also, we are grateful to those radio
fans in Kinmen for volunteering all
help: providing transportations, man-
power, facilities for Installing the radio
station, and arrangements for accom-
modations. At East, these people have
become our society's members.

Tne Deputy Director. Chen Chang-
yee of PTDT MOC, had accompanied
the group to open the ceremony on
the morning of December 25th; and
the Director of Quemoy Tele-Com-
munications Directorate greeted the
occasion by wishing that the ama-
teur's activities would be further
promoted in the area, where the re-
strictions will be lifted before long for
all visitors.

The OSL cards for the expedition
station BV0ARU9 are now ready and
being dispatched. The participating
operators were: SV2A, BV2BO,
BV2F8, BV2TA, BV2AP, BV2WC.
BV2DQ. BV2WC. BV2HH. BV2IJ.
BV2LK. BV2QB. BV2HN. BV2UA.
BV2VA, BV2ET (XYL of BV2VA, Trim*
mer), and BV2EW. BV2EW was at
service with the military in Quemoy,
and he joined the expedition unex-
pectedly and enjoyed it tremendously,

73 from Taiwan de Tim Chen BV2A.
[Chinese Taipei Amateur Radio
League, GPO Box 93, Taipei 100, Tai-
wan. China]

34th ANNUAL

TROPICAL HAMBOREE

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73 Amateur Radio Today January, 1994 83

Never Say Die

Continued from page 4

have to break loose and think differ-
ently,

Electro-Voice was started In a
garage in Ohio by two chaps I knew
who thought they could make better
microphones. Jim Lansing started sim-
ilarly, making better loudspeakers.
Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs start-
ed in Jobs' garage with the Apple I. I
visited em in 1976, when all they had
was a handmade prototype, egged
"em on, and the rest is history. At
about the same time I met Bill Gates,
who'd just dropped out of Harvard. He
took the BASIC Interpreter he'd written
as a school project and joined MITS,
the first microcomputer manufacturer.
He's done welL

No guts, no glory. And no nice ex-
pensive ham shacks either

How 1 Spent My Summer Vacation

Last year my birthday present from
Sherry was a trip to Alaska. Ketchikan.
Well, I told you all about that last year
. . . I can't help it if you're not paying
attention. It was a great trip and
youVe screwed up badfy if you haven't
gotten up there to visit that area.
YouVe a disappointment to me, the
way you've been screwing up, despite
anything I advise. I'm doing the best I
can to smooth out life for you • . . plod-
ding on ahead, pointing out the rough
spots so you can avoid them. And also
pointing out the points of interest, so
you won't miss them as you trudge
along with blinders on. looking down.

Sigh.

Hey, look up! You've somehow
managed to tuck into the world's finest
hobby, amateur radio, Now look at
what you can do with it I There are
some exciting things you can do 3n
amateur radio that you haven't tried
yet. Also, there are some other things
you can do that are fun. There are
ways you can live a longer, health-
ier life. There are plenty of ways you
can make money and have fun doing
It.

So when are you going lo look into
a trip to Alaska? Or getting on packet?
Or making ham satellite contacts? Or
maybe doing a little DXpeditioning? It
cant be a lack of money because I've
been telling you how to make all the
money you need for years . . . and
proving It by heeding my own advice.
You don't have to work hard, just
smart , . . though working hard as welt
as smart does heip.

Right after that Alaska trip last year
Sherry organized a short trip to Do-
minica so I could get in a tittle scuba
diving. That's when she came across
a special fare that Liat (Leeward Is-
lands Air Transport) had going. Butr I
told you about the diving trip last year.
This year, a couple weeks before my
birthday I wondered if Liat might have
that fare available again.

Most Caribbean vacationers head
down there in the winter, so that's high
season. The place is almost empty in
the summer, so prices are down in the
IMSD range. Those are the kind of

84 73 Amateur Radio Today * January, 1 994

prices I like. My hordes of detractors
call me cheap. I prefer to think of it as
being thrifty. TTney say NSD stands for
Never Spend a Dollar. Well, I don't like
spending a dollar where a few dimes
will do the trick.

Sherry reported that yes, Liat did
have a corking good fare. $360 for 30
days anywhere on the airline. She
asked me for a list of the islands I
hadn't yet visited so she could see
what she could put together. I gave
her a list of 10, figuring that she might
be able to organize us visiting two or
three of them since I only had a few
days open on my caiendar. She came
up with a way we could visit all 10 is-
lands in 21 days. We'd fly a day and
then id dive a day, hopping from is-
land to island , The tour included Bar-
bados, Tobago , Grenada, SL Vincent,
Guadeloupe, Antigua, Montserrat^ An-
guilla, Nevis, St Kitts, plus an eight-
hour layover on St. Lucia between
flights. That would give me eight new
ham radio countries to visit, bringing
my total to 128 . . . but who's count-
ing? The 11 flights would average only
$33 each!

One thing I didn't know when I was
planning Ibe trip was that the old days
of having to send ahead weeks in ad-
vance for a license were long-gone.
These days most of these countries let
you bring along a rig and get on the air
using your call with a portable slash
for a few days without any official per-
mission, And beyond that, licensing is
easy. So at the very least pack an HT
Almost every island has at least one
repeater. Some have repeaters linked
to other islands. Some even have
packet links. Pius you might want to
bring along a portable rig like a 735
and some wire dlpoles, Suddenly
you're on a expedition.

The Montserrat exhibit at Dayton
this year helped pound the idea of get-
ting down to the Caribbean into my
head. It didn't hurt that VP2MAX runs
a great bed and breakfast place there.
Wait'il you see it! And he even includ-
ed the use of his station! Though I on-
ly visited Montserrat for two days they
issued me the call VP2MCD so I
wouldn't have to operate as
W2NSD/VP2M.

I had some great minihamfests on
several of the islands. One thing is
clear . , , the hams would love to have
you come down, see their island, and
get on the air and take some of the
pi leu p pressure off. It's one thing to be
on a DXpedrtion and make a few thou-
sand contacts. It's another to live there
and have most hams not wanting to
talk with you, but just get your QSL
That was the main reason I went to
Jordan when King Hussein first got on
the air. I was afraid we'd lose him as a
ham if he wasn't able to actually talk
With anyone, but had to constantly
fight off pileups. So I went to Amman
and spent two weeks grinding down
the pileups, giving His Majesty a better
chance to enjoy our hobby, I didn't say
I didn't have fun doing it.

If you can visit an island or two
armed with a rig, you'll not only have a
ball, but you'll be doing the locals a big

favor Everywhere in the world I've
traveled I've found the hams in rare
countries hating the pileups and the
DXCC Honor Roll, which is at the root
of them. They've been anxious to
have me work the pileups for them, so
I've handted endless pileups from all
sorts of weird places such as FK8,

VR2, 5W4, 7P8, 3DG, 524, YK, YA,
9M, VU. OD, F08, MS, and so on.

Okay, what does it cost to get down
to the Caribbean and have some fun?
American Airlines cost $330 round trip
from Boston to Barbados. Plus the
$360 for Liat, and an average of
around $75 a night for a double room
at most hotels. Plus 10% service and
7% island tax almost everywhere. Plus
an exit tax of up to $20 per island. I
figure it cost us about $250 per island
including meals, rooms, taxis, exit tax,
and some ice cream cones.

The whole trip for the two of us thus
cost around $4r500\ and that included
two dives each on nine islands. That
netted out to around $205 a day for a
22-day trip which 111 not only never for-
get, but which I'll probably never stop
talking about. Would I do it again? In a
minute!

You do have to watch out for the
$350a-night deluxe hotels. There are
plenty of perfectly nice hotels and
guest houses for well under $100 a
night

One warning to you red-necks;
Most of the hams in the Caribbean are
black. But they are so friendly and
helpful that skin color soon doesn't
matter. They're hams and avid about
our hobby. And they're not nearly as
uptight about color as are so many
American b lacks .

A Contest? Another Damned
Contest?

Well, maybe Forever 30 years I've
avoided organizing 73 contests. When
I was the editor of CQ I got their DX
contest going after Perry Ferrell had
let It die. lis still going strong. Then t
got a prefix contest going which may
still be running. I've lost track. Those,
plus the ARRL DX, Sweepstakes, and
VHP contests seemed like enough.
While I was talking with the Caribbean
ham groups ] broached the idea of a
Caribbean vs. North American contest
, . , maybe in August, when prices are
low. The idea would be to get a bunch
of America ham clubs to organize
groups and put the rarer islands on
the air for a contest weekend. What do
you think?

Before I plunge into this I'll need
three things. First, III need a DXer or a
DX club to sponsor the contest and
handle all the paperwork, t can help
with getting the word around via 73
and Radio Fun, but I'm not going to sit
here and cross-check a thousand
logs, I learned my lesson on that when

I ran a Save Eleven contest and got
buried in togs. That was before we lost

II meters to CBT so you know how
well I learned that lesson. Are there
any volunteers to officiate on a
Caribbean/NA contest? Think of the
international fame and recognition!
Wow!

My second need will be a clear
green tight from the Caribbean island
ham groups- This is mainly for them,
so I don't want to jam anything down
their throats. But if we can get a dozen
or two ham club groups of six to 10
operators each down to the islands,
not only will the participants have a
lifetime of memories as a result the is-
lands will generate some badly need-
ed revenues as well. They sure can
use the extra business during the
summer

The third thing I need is an indica-
tion that you like the idea, if f don't get
a lot of enthusiastic letters about this
I'll deep-six it in the Cayman Trench,
the deepest part of the Caribbean,
some 27,500 feet deep. By the way,
that was a trivia question on the flight
back and worth a bottle of wine to
know. The other trivia question was
the degrees centigrade outside the
plane . , . which I won, much to my
surprise, with a guess of ~3BaC And I
don't drink. Oh well, the wine'll be
good for cooking.

There are a bunch of islands down
there, so there's room for everyone.
And the Caribbean includes Mexico,
Belize, Guatemala, Honduras,
Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama.
Colombia, Venezuela, on up to the Ba-
hamas. There are the Greater and
Lesser Antilles, and the Turks and
Caicos Islands, t count around 43
countries all told . . . with 10 kinda dif-
ficult to reach and/or uninhabited.

If you like the idea let me know. I
have enough to do without spinning
my wheels trying to make people hap-
py who don't want to be happy,

A Diver's Paradise

Most of you aren't into diving, Pityr
because it's not an expensive sport;
it's a lot of fun, and the exercise is
great. Plus you get to see a lot of the
world that most people miss except
when Costeau or someone shows an
underwater video on TV. It's wonderful
being right down there with the sharks,
barracuda, lobsters, mo ray eels, and
so on . ♦ - just floating along.

The price had recently come down
on Hr-8 Sony cameras, so I got one a
coupie days before the trip. Then I
called a diving friend to find out which
underwater housing to get. He said it
was the SubXero, so I called the chap
in Miami who makes em and luckily
he had one on hand, It arrived the
next morning by Fed-X, It cost less to
have it shipped than to pay the Florida
sales tax and pick it up while passing
through Miami on the way to Barba-
dos.

The downside was its weight: I had
to hand-carry it in a separate bag to
keep from making my checked bag-
gage so overweight they'd charge ex-
tra for it It weighs a ton out of the wa-
ter, but only about two ounces in.

The upside was that the videos
came out marvelously. I advise you to
make a wide berth around Peterbor-
ough so you dont gel nailed for two or
three hours watching my diving
videos. Heyt look, there's the big man-
ta ray at Tobago! And how about that

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73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1994 85

shark going by at Nevis? Plus endless
coral and small, colorful fish swimming
around. And look at the size of that
lobster!

It was a blast and the hams were
great. But next time I probably should
take along an ail -band rig instead of
the video camera. They weigh about
the same*

My luggage was filled with books to
read during the trip. By the end f was
busting to start two new publications
. i . one about Caribbean diving, which
I might call CD Review. And ttie other,
as a result of the books I read while
traveling, wouEd be Science Frontiers.
It would cover scientific research
which the establishment refuses to
deaf with. There are some things that
researchers have been verifying that
are so obviously impossible that no
establishment scientist or publication
would dare to even consider them.

The diving publication would cover
diving services, hotels, and all the oth-
er things travelers need to know when
they get to a new place. How much
are taxis? Where can you get good
food reasonably? Should you rent a
car? How good are the diving facili-
ties? How about the coral and fish?
What rip-offs should you watch out
tor? And so on, Visiting hams will want
most of the same info. The con artists
down there are waiting for the unwary
at every turn, just iike here in America,

More Diving?

Maybe, if I can get away. My diving
friend is organizing a trip to Truk,
Palau, Majuro, and Ponape for early
February. I'd sure like to go. If you're
interested I'll get you the details. Ma-
juro. by coincidence, was where I
started diving, back in 1944, when we
stopped off there a coupie of times to
rest between submarine war patrols, I
converted a Momsen Lung and dove
around the lagoon. That's all it took to
hook me on diving for life. When they
invented the Aqua-Lung I bought one
of the first models. By 1953 I had my
own compressor and tanks,

I must warn you that I'm dangerous
to travel with. I see business opportu-
nities everywhere and get people all
excited about starting this or that busi-
ness. WaitMl you read some of the
ideas I had for new businesses in the
Caribbean islands!

If you decide to go along for the Pa-
cific trip I'll have my video camera and
get you a videotape of yourself going
in and out of the Japanese fleet at
Truk, plus who Knows what other ex-
citing things we'll be seeing.

And you could do worse than bring
along a rig . . . right? Ill bet I'll have
one, I may even write ahead for li-
censes this time.

Aaargh!

Im holding in my hand an "Order
For Supplies Or Services/ It's a pur-
chase order for a subscription to 73.
This ts a government form we have to
fiil out to get paid for one subscription.
'Contractor must submit four copies
of invoice.11 This bugger is seven
pages long, but at least they tetl you

right up front what you're up against- it
says, "Public reporting burden for this
collection of information is estimated
to average 1 hour per response, in-
cluding the time for reviewing instruc-
tions, searching existing data sources,
gathering and maintaining the data
needed and completing and reviewing
the collection of information."

Seven pages for a $20 subscrip-
tion. This is going to cost us at least
S20 to fill out in quadruplicate, I hate
to think how much the government will
have spent paying for the one-year
subscription by the time the dust has
settied, the government has settled,
and the paperwork is all done and
filed. HI bet theyli increase the deficit
by at least $100, just on this project
alone.

Poor* NaTve Wayne

One of our advertisers called the
other day and asked a question. He'd
exhibited at a recent CQ Magazine
sponsored hamfest, which he says
turned out to be a true turkey. He
opined that not only didn't anyone
much bother to attend this bomb, but
those who did had their waliets sewn
shut, just in case. The question he
asked was a natural one. How come,
in the face of this disaster, there was
an article in a ham newsletter extolling
the event? He wanted to know If there
was something going on here that
wasn't In plain view.

He further suggested that there
might be a connection between the re-
cent plea by the newsletter for money
to keep afioat and this curious coloring
of their reporting. I assured htm that
not in my wildest dreams would I ever
suspect CO of paying off the newslet-
ter in order to try and salvage their
floundering hamfest investment, I
don't know where people get crazy
ideas like that I'm sure there's a sim-
pler explanation for what's going oa

The Secret Life of Plants . « .

This is a fascinating book by Tomp-
kins and Bird by Harper & Row Peren-
nial Library ($14). If your spirit of ad-
venture hasn't been totally wiped out
by our crummy so-called educational
system, youll enjoy this, One thing
about the book worried me, I have to
admit. The material was first published
in 1972 in Haters. Then it was pub-
lished in 1973 in book form, and
reprinted in paperback in 1989, So
why haven't I seen follow-up books on
such an important subject?

Much of the stuff in this book
doesn't seem possible, which was an-
other reason for my concern over its
validity. Then a friend sent me a video
on the subject he taped off the air. al-
lowing me to see some of the amazing
experiments described in the book.

This all started when Cleve Baxter,
a polygraph expert, connected a gal-
vanometer to the leaf of his dracaena.
He wanted to see if it woufd be affect-
ed when water was poured on the
plant's roots. The meters reaction
wasn't what he expected. The trace
zigged down instead of up, with a pat-
tern very similar to his polygraph

charts. Hmm, So Cleve decided to
burn the leaf with a match and see
what that would do, He was astound-
ed to see the needle jump the instant
he thought of burning the leaf. There
was less of a jump when he actually
burned the leaf, Could plants have
some sort of extrasensory perception?
You'll find the story of his research that
resulted fascinating.

For instance, he found that when
he had two plants together, with one
wired to his galvanometer, when
someone came into the lab and
trashed the second piant the first re-
acted violently. Then later, when that
person came back into the lab the
plant again reacted violently- Some-
how it not only was able lo sense that
particular person, but was able to re-
member the destruction of the first
plant and indicate something akin to
fear.

At the Hashimoto Electronics Re-
search Center in Tokyo, Dr. Hashimoto
was able to teach a plant to count and
add up to 20, I saw a video of a plant
being taught to manipulate a gal-
vanometer hooked to an audio oscilla-
tor and say letters.

And how about a scientist who was
experimenting with a plant root. He
had It in a shielded tube so he could
aim it at other piants. One day he left
the chart recorder on during his Junch
break with the root pointed at the sky.
Suddenly he heard whistles and a se-
ries of pulsations. He moved the tube
around and found the "signals" were
coming from outer space, from around
Ursa Major (the Big Dipper), But youll
have to read about ail this.

Do trees and plants communicate
with each other? Do they exhibit long-
term memory? When a plant is taken
away from a group can it die of loneli-
ness? Can ultrasonic frequencies in*
fluence the growth of seeds? Can a
healer affect the growth of seeds
merely by passing hands near the wa-
ter used on the seeds? Can water be
magnetized? Can a plant be condi-
tioned to tell the difference between a
piece of coal and a rock placed next to
it?

You'll be amazed at the work done
in India by Sir Jagadis Bose a hundred
years ago, despite the resistance of
the British Royal Society. Botanists, in
particular, hated the idea that plants
have a nervous system, even though
Bose proved it with his experiments.

Can people really talk with plants?
Luther Burbank gave his plants most
of the credit for his discoveries, saying
that he took them into his confidence
and had learned to listen to them, An-
other plant listener was George Wash-
ington Carver, who invented peanut
butter, plus an endless number of oth-
er peanut products. Before Carver, the
peanut was considered worthless pig
food.

Can music get plants to grow
faster? 200 percent faster? And why
do they grow toward classical music
and away from rock— and then die?
Weil, that's my reaction too. They
seem to like jazz too.

And what happens when you add

some electricity to the pot when youre
sprouting seeds? Would you believe
the sprouts can grow five to seven
times as fast? jean Noilet demon-
strated this in 1747. Of course if you
want bigger and sweeter strawberries,
this book may be of interest to you.
How about a bean plant that grew to
22 feet high as the result of a pot be-
ing wired to an ordinary electric outlet?
How about tons of seeds passed be-
tween the plates of a capacitor and
then grew one third greater harvests in
Italy in the 1930s? Corn yields jumped
20% in Russia in the 1960s with a
similar treatment. And activated
radishes double the size of the control
crops?

And wait'll you read what being
near a TV set or computer does to
bean sprouts and rats! These are
things you can test for yourself. You
might want to try some beans near
your linear, with a control group further
away.

Then there are questions about the
role of suniight and our eyes on our
behavior.

You'll enjoy reading about how
Harold Burr developed a very sensi-
tive voltmeter for studying living
things. With it he could detect the ex-
act moment of ovulation for women,
detect malignancies, the rate of heal-
ing of wounds, and with seeds he
could predict how healthy the resulting
plant would be. With plants he could
see the changes made by the lunar
cycle, sunspots, and solar storms.

There's a wonderful chapter on
what's been done in the scientific In-
vestigation of auras and Kirlian pho-
tography.

Another chapter shows a parallel
between the birth of retarded children
and the use of chemical fertilizers.
Just between 1952 and 1968 the
number grew by 25 times' Plus there's
been a similar rise in leukemia, hepati-
tis, Hodgkin's disease and other de-
generative diseases. It's almost
enough to get you to start buying from
your supermarket's organic food sec-
tion. Fifty years ago corona ries were
rare. Cancer, diabetes, arthritis, cavi-
ties, etcM are rapidly increasing.

Did you know that some plants and
animals are able to transmute one ele-
ment into another? Chickens, for in-
stance, can change potassium, mag-
nesium, and silicon into calcium.

It's a terrific book. If you have any
curiosity at all it should have you set-
ting up your own research projects.
But I still wonder why I haven't found
any books on the subject written since
1973. Weird. Ill be doing my best to
get in touch with the authors to see
what's been going on. I'll let you know.
I'd love to see the books Bose pub-
lished describing his experiments a
hundred years ago.

If you know of any more recent
books along this line, please let me
know about them.

The research described in the book
gives us strong clues on how we can
greatiy reduce sickness and thus cut
our health care costs. It can help us
grow better crops. Check ft out.

86 73 Amateur Radio Today * January, 1 994

Number 23 on your Feedback card

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Special events

Ham Doings Around the World

Listings are free of charge as space permits. Please send us your Special Event
two months in advance of the issue you want it to appear in. For example, if you
want it to appear in the January issue, we should receive it by December 31. Pro-
vide a clear, concise summary of the essentia! details about your Special Event.
Check Special Events File Area #11 on our BBS (603-924-9343), for listings that
were too late to get info publication.

JAN 8-9

FT. MYEFtS, FL A Hamfest will be held by
me Fort Myers ARC, Inc., Sat. 9 AIUt-5 PM;
Sun. 9 AM-3 PM,. at Araba Shrine Temple
Hall. 2010 Hanson SI., {One btock Easi ol
Rt US 41). VE Exams Sal at 1:30 PM,
Sun. at 10:30 AM {no pre- registration re
quired). Talk-in on 147.345+ MHz, Contact:
Jerry DeutScher KQ4UW, (813) 472-5130;
Dale Hardin KD4UAQ, (813) 275-836Q, Of
G.E- Sammons WA4DOE, (813)936-1431.

JAN 15

HAMMOND, LA The 1994 Hammond
Hamfest, sponsored by (he Southeast
Louisiana ARC, will be held from 9 AM-3
PM in the SLU University Center. Taik-in on
147.00-/146.52 simplex, Contact Tyrone
Sums, (504) 294-5839; or Bob Priez, (504)
542-1470; or wrile to SLARC. P.O. Box
1324, Hammond LA 70404.
MONTEREY, CA The Naval Postgraduate
School ARC will hold As 5tn annual Ham-
fest from 8 AM-1 PM+ at the Monterey
Peninsula College Armory. Talk-m on
146.97-. Contact; Doug KC3RL (408) 663-
6117 eves/wkends; Pat KA6tRSr (408)
649-4444 Ext 20, wktfays
ST. JOSEPH, MO The 4lh annual North-
west Missouri Winter Hamfesi will be co-
sponsored by the Missouri Valley ARC,
Green-Hills ARC and Ray-Clay ARC. The
event will be held at the flamada Inn from
9 AM-4 PM. VE Exams. Talk-in on 14685

and 444.925. For Deafer info, write to
Northwest Missouri Winter Hamfest, P.O.
Box 182. Cameron MO 64429.

JAN 16

MATTAPOPSETT, MA An Electronic Flea
Market will be heid at Knights of Columbus
Hall. For more details cai (SOB) 993-3993.
YONKERS, m The Metro 70 cm Network
will host a Giant Electronic Flea Market at
Lincoln H.S.. Kneeland Ave., 9 AM-3 PM.
VE Exams. Tafk-in on 440.425 MHz pi
156.7; 223.760 MHz pi 67.0; 146.310 MHz;
443.350 MHz pi 156 J, For registration, call
Otto Suptislo WB2SLQ, (914} 969-1053.

JAN 22

FLINT MI The 2nd annual Computer and
Amateur Radio SWAP-N-SHOP, co-spon-
sored by ARAY and SW Academy RC, will
be held from 8 AM-1 PM at S.W. Academy
H.S.. t-69 & Hammenjerg Rd Walk-in AR-
RL VE Exams at 9 AM Talk-in on 14529%
224.18% and 224.14-. To reserve tables,
call Keith N8QNA. (313) 63&4123.
LOVELAND, CO The Northern Colorado
ARC will host Ihe 1st annual Winterfest
Swapmeel from 9 AM-3 PM, at the Larimer
County Fairgrounds, 700 Railroad Ave. VE
Exams. Computer and Radio. For VE Ex-
ams contact Trent Hays WB0HZL, (303)
484-3315 For general info, contact Musser
Moore AA0PB. (303) 221-3698. Reserve
tables from Ortln Jenkins K0QJ> (303) 353-
7094. TaJk-inon 145 1t5{- offset, 100 Hz).

JAN 23

EAST LANCASTER, PA The Columbia
Area ARC will present its annual Dulch
Country Computer and Communications
Show" from 9 AM- 3 PM a l |he Lancaster
Host Resort and Conference Center, Route
30. Talk-in on 146 715- For display and
deaJer mfo, contacl Dutch Country CompuT-
er and Communtcations Show, P.O. Box
632. E. Petersburg PA 1 7520+0682. Tel.
(717) 560-2072; FAX (717) 872-0857,

JAN 29

LOCKPQRT, NY The Lockport ARA will
hold their annual Club Auction starting al 3
PM. Talk-in on 146620- MHz.
SARASOTA, FL The Sarasota Co. Fair-
grounds, 3000 Ringitng Blvd. will be the lo-
cation for the Sarasota Hamfest and Com-
puter show The Sarasota ARA will host
•his event from 9 AM-5 PM. VE Exams For
general info, call Gene Marino W11DH.
(813) 35&0675. For tickets cal Vai Lopez
KC4YAK (813) 95U1072; or write: Ham-
fest, P.O. Box 31832. Sarasota FL 34230.

JAN 30

DOVER, OH The Tusco ARC Hamfesi will
be he*d at Ohio Natl Guard Armory, 2800
N. Wooster Ave., starting at fi AM TaJk-in
on 146.730 W82X Rptr Contact Howard
Blind KD8KF 6288 Echo Lake Rd, ME.,
New Philadelphia OH 44663. Tel (216)
364-5258.

ODENTON, MD The Maryland Mobileers
ARC will sponsor a Post Holiday Swaplesi
and Flea Market al Odenton Vol. Fire Depl
Hall. 1425 Annapolis Rd., 8 AM-2 PM. AR^
RL sanctioned. For VE Exams, pre-register
with Jerry Gavin NU3D. 7801 OverhiH Rd.
Gten Burnie MD 21060; Tel. (410) 761-
1423 (anytime). To register for tables, con-
tact Tom Witkison KA30MU, 592 Eason
Dr.T Severn MD 21144; Tet. (410) 969-2639
(eves). Talk-in on 146.205f.8D5.

FEB5

ST. CATHARINES, ONTARIO, CANADA
Tns Niagara Peninsula ARC inc. will hold
its 16th annual Big Event Hamfesi al the
CAW. HaH. 124 Bunting Rd. Write or call.
N.PA.R.C. Inc.. P.O. Box 20036. Grantham
Postal Outlet, St. Catharines, Ontario L2M
7W7; TA (905) 937*6208.

SPECIAL EVENT STATIONS

JANS

ST. PAUL, MN The Minnesota Frostbite
Falls Beach Party, sponsored by the St.
Paul RC, will be on the air from 1S00Z-
2400Z. Frequencies: CW ■ 3.540, 3.690,
7.040, 7,1 40, 14.040, 21.040, 28.040,
28.140; SSB - 3.850, 7.250, 14.250.
21.350, 28.350. Send logs to Ed Van
Cleave AA0HK 2700 16th SL NW, St. Paul
MN 55112; Tet. (612) 636-0108, Please
send SASE for info and sample log.

Serving The LORD
Since 1987

THE POWER STATION

The POWER STATION is a 12V x 6.5 AmpHr gel-cell
battery complete with voltmeter, wall charger and a
cord tor charging via automobiles. It will power most
hTs at 5 Watts for 2-4 weeks {depending upon how long-winded you
are). Also VHF, UHF, QRP, or HF mobiles such as the KENWOOD TS-50
(at 50W). There are no hidden costs, all you need is your mobile, HT
power cord or cigarette lighter adapter.

The POWER STATION provides 12V from a cigarette plug and has two
recessed terminals for hardwiring. A mini-phone jack with regulated 3Vt
6V, or 9V output can be used separately for CD players, Walkmans, etc,
THE POWER STATION can be charged in an automobile in only 3 hours,
or in the home in 8 hours. The charger will automatically shut off when the
battery is completely charged, so you can charge rt even when ft has only
been slightly discharged, (unlike Ni-Cads that have memory), Our charg-
ing circuit uses voltage sensing circuitry, other brands are timed chargers
which always charge the battery a full cycle, this damages their battery
and shortens its' life ft it only needs a partial charge. The POWER STATION
has a voltmeter that shows the exact state of charge of the battery, not
worthless idiot lights that tell you "YOUR BATTERY IS NOW DEAD." The
voltmeter can even be used to measure voltages of other sources.

To order, send check or money order for $49.95 +
$8.50 for shipping, along with your shipping address
and telephone number to:

Joe Brancato

THE HAM CONTACT

P.O. Box 3624, Dept. 73
Long Beach, CA 90803.

CA RcHfrrti Add 9 V*% Safe* Taac.
Order 4 Si7 10 Shpptfig

Ci-xfcan Res-dents Please Serrf US Money

Ad*

For COO

f you ttcttk ffiior* tnfornatan pfeas* send ■ SASE hi lie

order* c«H (3101 433-5*60 ftifcrfe of CA call (600) 933-HAM4 and leave a

CIRCLE 364 ON HEADER SERVICE CARD

73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1 994 87

■ Number 24 on j

New products

Isijmber 2H en your Feedback card

Compiled by Charles Warrington WA1RZW

JADE PRODUCTS

Jade Products, Inc. has announced
the newest members to the FUN-KIT
line: the Lead-Acid/Gel-Cel Battery
Charger Kits, This series of products
is based on the Unitrode UC3906 bat-
tery charger chip. This smart chip is
specifically designed to sense the con-
dition of the battery and adjust the
charging requirements accordingly.
The charger can be left connected to
the battery indefinitely, keeping the
battery ready for service at all times. It
can prolong the life of the battery and
protect it from overcharge/under-

charge damage.

These battery chargers are intend-
ed for hams who need to keep their
batteries ready at all times. Applica-
tions include: repeater back-up batter-
ies, GRP station batteries, and emer-
gency equipment batteries.

The chargers are available in three
configurations, The 8C01 is a com-
plete kit perfect for beginners. It can
be built for 0.5 to 1 amp maximum
charging rate. The price is $79,95,
The BC02 is the same as the BC01,
minus the enclosure^ RFI filter module,
line cord, and current meter, The price
is $39.95. The BC03 is the same as
the BG02, minus the power trans-
former. The price is $29.95.

For further information contact Jade
Products, Inc.* PO, Box 368, E,
Harnpstead, NH 03826; (60S) 329-
6995t FAX (603) 329-4499. Or circfe
Reader Service No. 201,

SPECTRUM ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS

functions required for legal operation
as a repeater system. The HRC-10
provides an easy low-cost solution to
this problem.

The unit features a voice IDer, hang
time and out timers, DVQS (Digital
Voice Operated Squelch), telemetry
tones, and a private voice mail slot. A
DTMF command interface provides re-
mote control capabilities. The HRC-10
is ideal for emergency use, club
events, and mobile installations.

For more information contact Spec-
trum Electronic Products, 4740 Scotts
Valley Drive, Scotts Valley, CA, 95066;
(408) 438-2788, FAX (408) 438-6027,

Or contact Reader Service No. 204.

Spectrum Electronic Products has
Introduced the HRC-10— the worlds
first hand -held repeater controller. No
larger than most hand-held radios, the
HRC-10 converts a single or dual-
band radio Into a full-featured simplex
or duplex repeater system. While most
dual-band radios provide full duplex
and crossband repeater capabilities,
they lack the station tD and control

SGC

SGC, inc., has unveiled its new
SmartLock to further enhance the se-
vere service capability of the SG-230
Smartuner The Smartuner is a fully
automatic, microprocessor-controlled
antenna coupler which covers the HF
spectrum from 1.8 to 30 MHz.

The SmartLock is designed to con-
trol two antenna conditions: one where
a mobile antenna is subject to violent
motion which may otherwise cause the
antenna coupler to automatically re-
tune; the other to command the anten-
na coupler to recalculate antenna con-
ditions at the operator's discretion.

The SmartLock may be used with
SG-230 Smartuners manufactured

■ ■■■•,; i-

MfltMA

i : N*
n ■ \ :

kfarr

after September
1. 1993. The
SmartLock con-
trol box is priced
at $59.95. Own-
ers of earlier
versions of the
Smartuner,
which does not
have the addi-
tional control
line, may upgrade to the latest version
for $289 (not including SmartLock).
For more information contact SGC
inc, RO. Box 3526, Beltevue, WA,
98009: (800) 259-7331, (206) 746-
6310, FAX (206) 746-6384. Or circle
Reader Service No. 206.

Smtrtflock

HIGHLANDS
ELECTRONICS

Highlands Electronics has an-
nounced the eBoard— a new way of

developing and using an embedded
computer application. An embedded
computer is one which is dedicated to
a task; the computer inside your mi-
crowave oven, for example. Program-
ming embedded computers is an eco-

RF INDUSTRIES

RF Industries, Ltd., has announced
a truly universal (Keystone) wall plate
system. These wall plates are a must
for the truly well-dressed shack. They

are available in standard lvoryr or any
other color on special order

The plates come in 1-, 2-s 3-, and
6- hole versions. They accept 50 or 75
ohm BNC crimps thread-onP or feed-
through connectors, They will also
snap mount with 4-, 6-, or 8-contact
IDC modular telephone connectors.
Other types are also available.

For prices and catalog information,
please contact RF Industries, Ltd,
7620 Miramar Road, San Diego, CA,
92126; (800) 233-1728. Or circle
Reader Service No. 202.

TRIPP

More and more amateurs are turn-
ing to digital operating modes to ex-
pand their horizions. The ISOBAR Ul-
traFax is a premium quality combina-
tion AC and dataline surge supressor
specifically designed to protect digital
devices from WE FAX to MODEMS.

The UltraFAX has special diagnostic
indicators to help pinpoint power and
wiring problems before they can cause
damage, saving both time and money.
The unit is enclosed In an all metal
housing with mounting tab for secure
connection.

This product features the manu-
facturer's Lifetime Ultimate Insurance
which protects both the UltraFax
and the connected equipment. If either

LITE

is ever damaged by a surge, TrippLite
will repair or replace the unit and con-
nected equipment free for life up to
$10,000.

The Ultra-
FAX is priced
at $69.95.
For more In-
formation
contact Trip-
pitte, 500 N.
Orleans.
Chicago, IL,
60610-4188;
(312) 329-
1777, FAX
(312) 644-6505. Or circle Reader
Service No. 203.

ELECTRONIC DISTRIBUTORS CORPORATION

This receiver uses Direct Digital
Synthesis for low phase noise and
synchro detection for better AM signal
readability during severe fading. You
can program 100 memories with direct
keyboard entry. Other features in-
clude: TCXO. Carrier Operated Delay,
RS232 computer control, optional fil-
ters, and power options.

For more information visit your local
dealer or contact Electronic Distribu-
tors Corporation, 325 Mill Street Vien-
nat VAt 22180; (703) 938-8105, Or
circle Reader Service No. 205.

Electronic Distributors Corporation
has announced the availability of an
all- new high performance HF receiver
manufactured by AOR. The AR3G30
has all the latest high-tech features
and covers 30 kHz to 30 MHz with op-
tional 108 to 174 MHz coverage.

KENWOOD

This new series of HT transceivers
from Kenwood has all of the things you
want in a portable communications
package. The TH-22AT (2 meter) and
TH-42AT (450 MHz) single-band HTs
offer a streamlined lookT simple pro-
gramming, one-touch controls, and
easy menu functions.

A new innovative microprocessor
and MOSFET final amplifier circuit en-
ables a full 5 watts, while conserving
battery power. A special EEPROM
memory bank requires no backup bat-
tery. A wide range of accessories will

also be avail-
able.

For more in-
formation, visit
your local deal-
er or contact
Kenwood Com-
munications
Corporation,
P.O. Box 22745,
Long Beach,
CA, 90801-
5745; (310)
639-4200.

■ fl 1

r ■■■■•■■-••

> ... v-K-.- -y?^ .■»* -, ■:■

■

K£ N^-DOD

j -T <TT' » ~^7J. x>-

nomical way to monitor and control a
wide variety Of electronic devices.

The new eBoard is a PC card
which eliminates the hassle and high
cost of an old-fashioned computer em-
ulator. You work with the actual CPU
from the start of your project. This
works to eliminate any surprise bugs
that may appear at the end of devel-
opment. The low-cost board can be

left in place to run the application.

The eBoard runs independently of
the PC and has drivers for LCDs,
DTMF and more. The unit is suitable
for 24-hour operation. The price is
$249 ppd. For more information con-
tact Highlands Electronics 13720 Lake
Shore Drive, Clear Lake. CA, 95422;
(707) 994-1024. Or circle Reader Ser-
vice No. 207.

88 73 Amateur Radio Today ■ January, 1 994

Barter

Number 25 on your Feedback card

W BUY

Turn your oW ham and computer gear into cash now. Sure, you can waif for a hamtes* to try
and dump ii. but you know youl] gel a tar more reahsttc pnee K you have it out where 100,000 ac-
tive ham potential buyers can see it than me few hundred local hams who come by a flea market
table Check your attic, garage, cellar and closet shelves and gel cash for your ham and computer
gear before ris too old to sell. You know you're not going to use il again . so why leave It for your
widow to throw out? That stuff isn't getting any younger!

The 73 Flea Market. Barter 4n" Buy, costs you peanuts (almost)— comas lo 35 cents a word for
individual (noncommercial} ads and St. 00 a word for commercpal ads. Don't plan on telling a long
story Usa abbreviations, cram it In. But bo honest. There are pEenty of hams who love lo fix things,
so II it doesn't work, say so.

Make your list, count the words, including your call address and phone number, include a
check or your credit card number and expiration, If you're plating a commercial ad. include an ad-
ditional phone number, separate from your ad

This is a monthly magazine, not a daily newspaper, so figure a couple months before the ac-
tion starts, then be prepared ft you get too many calls, you priced it low. It you don't gel many
calls, too high,

So get busy Blow the dust oft. check everything out make sun? it sun works right and maybe
you can help make a ham sure it siil works nghi and maybe you can help make a ham newcomer
or retired ott timer happy with that ng you're not using now. O you might get busy on your com-
puter and put together a 1st of small gearJparts to send to those interested?

Send you/ acts and payment to the Saner "rV Buy. Judy Wa kc 70 fit- 202N, Peterborough NH
03458 and get set for the phone calls.

The deadline for the February classi-
fied ad section is December 9, 1 993,

ALL ABOUT CRYSTAL SETS, Theo-
ry and construction of crystal set ra-
dios. $7.95 each, ppd USA. Send to:
ALLABOUT BOOKS, Dept. Sfc P.O.
Box 22366. San Diego CA 92192.

BNB200

CUSTOM MADE-HAND TOOLED

leather products with your initials,
name, call letters. Photo's & estimates
available Key rings, wallets, belts,
purses, hanging signs, specialty items.
GREAT GIFT LEATHER & WEST, 67
Causeway Rd„, West Swanzey NH
03469. (603)352-6256. 9-* pm. M-F
ET. BNB215

SUPERFAST MORSE CODE SU-

PEREASY. Subliminal cassette, $12.
LEARN MORSE CODE IN 1 HOUR,
Amazing supereasy technique. $12.
Both $20. Moneyback guarantee, Free
catalog: SASE. BAHR-T9, 150 Green-
field. Bloomlngdale IL 601 OS. BNB221

QSL CARDBOXES & INDEX DI-
VIDERS. Send BASE, 7-Mtke HAM-
STUFF, P.O. Box 14455, Scotisdate
AZ 85207*4455. BNB224

NO DSP AUDIO PROCESSING
COMPARES TO JPS. Eliminate varie-
gated noises. NIR-10 special,
$329.95; NF-60 Notch Filter, $139.50.
Satisfaction guaranty. Authorized deal-
er: DAVIS RF CO. 24-HOUR OR-
DERS: (800)484-4002, CODE 1356.
BNB254

QSL SAMPLES- 50 cents. SAM-
CARDS, 48 Monte Carlo Dr., Pitts-
burgh PA 1 5239. BNB275

COMMODORE 84 REPAIR, Fas) turn
around. SOUTHERN TECHNOLO-
GIES AMATEUR RADIO, 10715 SW
190th Street #9, Miami FL 33157.
(305)238*3327. BNS295

RADIO RUBBER STAMPS tree
brochure. REID ASSOCIATES, 6680
Mellow Wood, West Bloomfield Ml

46322. BNB297

KENWOOD AUTHORIZED REPAIR.
Also !COMfc Yaesu. GROTON ELEC-
TRONICS, Box 379, Groton MA
01450. (508)448-3322, BNB310

WANTED: Kenwood model TV-502
2M transverter-working. (909)681-
0872, BNB320

RCI-2950 OWNERS' New modifica-
tion manual including Power increase.
Clarifter modification, Modulation in-
crease. Operating hints, and more.
Parts included Oniy S20.00 ppd in
U.S. (Missouri residents add S1.15
tax). SCOTT. P.O. Boh 510408. St,
Louis MO 63151*0408. (314)846-
0252. Money Orders or C.O.D.

SNB340

KIT BUILDERS! Complete list of 155+
kit vendors. #10 SASE + $3.00 USD
to: RUTENBER ENGINEERING,
38045 10th St. E< #H75-AR„ Palmdale
CA 93550. BNB865

QSL CARDS — Standard and cus-
tom. Your ideas or ours. Excellent
quality. Fori stamping available. Many
designs and type styles. Catalog and
samples $1 .00 refundable. W1LKINS,
Dept. A. Box 787, AtascadefO CA
93423. BNB370

20 METER SUPERHET C.W.
TRANSCEIVERS KIT, $49 95 plus
$3.75 shipping. CheckMO, 1994 Cat-
alog for 2 Stamps. DAN'S SMALL
PARTS & KITS, 1935 South 3rd West
#1, Missoula MT 59801. BNB385

CHRISTIAN-THEME QSLs, 'Let your
light shine before men,/
JUSX..QSLSp 21645 E, 9 Mile Rd,. St,
Clair Shores Ml 48080. BNB395

GREAT HAM LOCATION tn beautiful
PRESCOTT. ARIZONA. Telrex TB6,
55 ft. and 35 ft. towers. High quality
2300 s<i- ft. 3 bedroom, two bath
home with gorgeous views from every
room. By owner. $199,900. (602J778-
3370. BNB410

BROWNIES QSL CARDS SINCE
1939. Catalog &. samples $1 (refund-
able with order). 3035 Lehigh Street.
Allentowri PA 18103. BNB430

TOLL H QC\(\ CCC nOfifi PRICING AND
FREE "OUU-UUO'U^UO ORDERS ONLY

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CIRCLE 234 ON READER SERVICE CARD

PERFORMANCE
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KRP-5000

REPEATER

Word is spreading t»l- > 2 METERS-220-440

Nothing matches the KRP-5000
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ir,immable Morse messages

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Micro Control Specialties

23 On? Pat »» . 6r o > * 0 1 8 34

304

KRP-sooo Repeater shown
with PA -100 Amplifier

The first choice in

Transmitters - Receivers
Repealers

Repeater Controllers

Power Amplifiers
Voice Mail Systems

CIRCLE 144 ON READER SERVICE CARD

73 Amateur Radio Today ■ January, 1 994 89

Where's the Fun? 1

The 10 meter test had started, and [ expected the band
to open about the time I arrived at the mote]. Rig and
igol cell were in the trunk, Ma\i-J was night besiw.
roiled up inside the launcher pail. Room wish a view,
Maxi takes oft" from the balcony sloping down to a tree.
His tail slips under the door. And Ini 5V in Japan.
J-10 J-15 J-17 J-20 J-30 J-40 fig
$39 $42 $47 $49 $59 $69 S1

Add S6 Post & Handling USA & Canada Si4 others

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CIRCLE 132 ON READER SERVICE CARD

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DUR BEST YETJ 994.. ..OUR BEST YET

Includes the i»eri table bo* and satellite j plus. B-MAC) nx@&. lota d sc^«?naiics
and chip files (ail npw), fauLlal*. ECM'5. etc. ONLY SiS.95. Our bestyei. Oth« Pay
TV editions, volumes 1-5 fall diffpenij. Si 5.35 each, The Complete wtaatd, i!£ll
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SCRAMBLING NEWS

1552 Hertel Awe., #123. Buffalo , NY 14216
V&iC-e/F AX (716)87^2088

CIRCLE 36 ON READER SERVICE CARD

INDIANA HAMFEST

& COMPUTER SHOW

SUNDAY, MARCH 13, 1994

Indiana State Fairgrounds

Indianapolis, Indiana

Open at 8:00 A.M.

• All Indoors • Free Parking - Paved Lots • Ladies Programs • Forums ■ Many Nationally
Advertised Commercial Dealers* Flea Market* Over 500 Tables

Talk-in on the "Mighty 525" (2.1 KW out) - 145.25 MHz

COME & ENJOY A SHOW BY OUR "QUALITY" DEALERS!

For Tables: SASE To: Aileen Scales KC9YA. 3142 Market Place, Bloom ington, IN 47403, 812-339-4446

W9CR DSP FILTER

1 1 Switch Selectable Filters in One

»:•:>:<

Hull ■ il r^M-^^ftftflftn fr^ft^ff^ffl^

Just turn the switch to select one of:
4 Filters which enhance SSB signals
by reducing hiss, static, ignition, and
powerline noise with no perceptible
time delay combined with Multiple
Automatic Notch fillers to remove
heterodynes instantly.
4 "Brick-wall" CW Filters with
bandwidths of 50 Hz to 200 Hz.
3 unique linear phase bandpass filters
for RTTY\ HF Packet, and SSTV.

In stalls easily bet ween the receiver and
externa] speaker or headphones.

W9GR DSP Filter $299,95

12 VDC Power Supply $1 1.95

Shipping and Handling US $5, overseas $15

31) d^T mcicii'v Itiitk jiuanmln'.
9H el=jy parts & l;il.w ^arr;iiH>

Mow To GetSt&rW

In Packet R3dm

fym&VA.&'& C >*^ <■ .<">■- <^ ^ '•' >

Enter the exciting
world of packet ra-
dio today with How
To Get Started fn
Packet Radio. Dave
Ingram, K4TWJ,
wrote this begin-
ner's guide to
packet radio in an
easy-to-understand manner. It starts with
a non-technical description of packet ra-
dio, followed by chapters that include
getting started, setting up your station,
networks, BBSs, portable and high-fre-
quency operation and even a Packet Ra-
dio Equipment Survey. There's also an
appendix that includes circuits for inter-
facing equipment. Join the most excit-
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radio today! Order your copy of How To
Get Started In Packet Radio book for
only $9.95! (plus $2,00 S&H).

NARA

NATIONAL AMATEUR RADIO ASSOCIATION

CA1£ US

iiiiiili

j-Com ■ 793 Canning Pkwy - Victor NY 14564
(716) 924-0422 FAX (716) 924-4555

CIRCLE 175 ON READER SERVICE CARD

P.O. Box 598, Remond, WA 98073
Orders Only 1-800-GOT-2-HAM

Inquiries (206) 869-8052

CIRCLE 223 ON READER SERVICE CARD

HIGH QUALITY PERSONAL QSL's insure greater re-
turns! Customize one of 26 standard formats, or your
own unique design, FREE info-packet (75 cent stamp
appreciated), CHESTER QSUs, Dept A, 2 S. Com-
mercial, Emporia KS 66801. (316)342-8792, FAX
(316)342-4705. BNB434

AMIGA COPYCODE. See page 64 August QST.
KY6P. (61 9)453-9446. BNB450

INTERESTED IN PUBLIC SERVICE? Join REACT
TODAY! For information write, KA3PDO, c/o REACT,
P.O. Box 8797, Allentown PA 1 3105. BNB465

QSL SAMPLES send $1 (refundable). Bud Smith,
Box 194SP Blaine WA 98231 . BNB475

BEAM HEADINGS-YOUR QTH AND THEIRS $5.95.
KB7HMP 4204 Fox Point Drive, Us Vegas NV 89108.

BNB505

CRYSTALS: High quality for your VHF/UHF and SHF
transverter projects. SASE. WA3IAC, 7148 Montague
St., PhiJadelphia PA 19135. BNB515

WE BUY NEW & USED HF AND VHF RADIOS for
RUSSIAN Hams. Please send info by Fax (206)661-
1197 or mail to: NOVOSIBIRSK^SEATTLE INTL. 429
So. 321 st Place E 10, Federal Way WA 98003.

BNB530

CDROJUI Ham Radio Callsign Database with hundreds
of PC Compatible programs, radio mods, TCP/IP
Usenet Ham Radio Archives, FCC Rules & Regula-
tions, current exam question pools, and Canadian Call
Signs. Only $25.00, Includes shipping! Send check to:
RONS CDROMSr 2343 Karen Dr, #6. Santa Ciara CA
95050 or call (408)241-7376 with your Visa or MC.

BNB540

DACRON ROPE, WHY RISK ANTENNA SUPPORT
FAILURES?? Mil Type, black, strong, high UV/stretch
resistant, 3/32": 106/fl„ 3/16" (770 !b. test): Ml/ft.,
5M6n: $.16/ft. IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT DAVIS RF CO.
24 HOUR ORDEfiS: (800)484^4002, CODE 1356.

BNB557

LEARN TO EARN COURSES: Electronics, robot, ra-
dio, others, Free Catalog. A&A PRODUCTS, Rt 1 Box
482-L, Rockdale TX 76567. BNB5G0

WANTED-FM unit for ICM Model # 551 D all mode SM
transceiver. Leo Schein, 32 Douglas Drive. Ocean
Ridge FL 33435. (407)276-8871 . BNB575

DON'T BUY QSL CARDS UNTIL YOU SEE MY
FREE SAMPLES. AJso I speciaiize in custom cafds
and QSL business cards. Write or call for free sam-
ples and custom card ordering information. LITTLE
PRINT SHOP, Box 1160f Pflugerville TX 78660.
(512)990-1192. Mastercard and Visa now accepted.

BNB595

WANTED: Western Electric and other vintage audio
equipment. (800)251^5454. BNB615

THE ANT FARM Quality, High Performance antennas
at reasonable prices I Our 471 long MB-2A covers all
HF bands, fully assembled; not a kil, only $40.00 ppd
in lower 48. SASE for Catalog. P.O. Box 3196,

Wescosvilte PA 181 06, BNB625

DUPLEXER TUNING GUIDE. A complete booklet
showing step-by-step instructions on tuning all types
of duplexers. Included is theory of operation, detailed
diagrams and much more. Send $9.95 plus $2.50 s&b
to RGM PUBLICATIONS, 533 Main Street, Hillsboro
MM 88042. For faster service using a major credit
card call (505)395-5333 and order today. 30 day mon-
ey back g u a rantee. BN B635

SATELLITE EQUIPMENT AT 40% TO 50% OFF.
Drake, Toshiba, HTS, Gl, 2513 LNBr $67.95; Ja Kuh
$89,00 Call (800)851-6534 for wholesale price list
SATELLITE WAREHOUSE, Tucson A2. Fax
(602)624-1629, BNB640

90 73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1994

UNIVERSAL PROGRAMMERS XELTEK Unipro,
$129.00; XELTEK Superpro, $449.00. We carry over
15 manufacturers of device programmers. Cad for free
catalog. (408)241-7376, BNB645

MACRO SURFACE-MOUNT Breadboard 3" X 5"
sample kit as seen In 73 for 12/93. $4.00 ppd. Brad
Thompson, N1JIJ, 100 PowdermiJI Ro\> BX-233, Acton
MA 01720. BNB650

VHF-UHF-SHF Large SASE. VHFer, P.O. Box 685t
HolbrooK AZ 86025. BNB660

ELEGANT QSL CARDS AT LOW PRICES. Samples
$1 (refundable with order). AACOf Dept S41, 1639
Fordham Wayr Mountain View CA 94040. BMB670

HAM RADIO VIDEO. Free info. FOX VIDEO, 13613
U.S. 36, Marysvifle OH 43040. BNB685

HAM RADIO REPAIR- AN makes and models. Fast,
Professional Service. AFFORDABLE ELECTRONIC
REPAIR, 7110 E. Thomas Rd„ Scottsdale AZ 85251.
(602)945-3908, BNB700

9 1/2 INCH UTC WALL CLOCK- $26.50 ppd. GABAY
TOOL CO., RO. Box 63, Necedah Wi 54646. BNB7Q5

ROSS* SSS$ NEW JANUARY (ONLY) SAVE TIME
AND MONEY HAVE MODEL NUMBER AND MANU-
FACTURER READY. KENWOOD, TR-751A, $600.00;
VFO-700, $15500; Bt>6; ALINCO, DJ-F1T, $270,00;
DJ-SeOT, $338.00; ALM-203T, $209,99; YAESU, FT-
840, $790,00; FT-709R, $290,00; YR-901 ,$500.00;
ICOM IC-707, $830.00; IC-900, $400.00; IC-471H,
$1,000.00; ALLIANCE, U-105, $52.00. ALL LIMITED
TIME OFFERS. OVER 9035 ham-related items in
stock for immediate shipment. Mention ad. Prices
cash, F.O.B. Preston. HOURS TUESDAY- FRIDAY
9:00 TO 6:00, 9:00-2:00 P.M. MONDAYS, CLOSED
SATURDAY & SUNDAY. ROSS DISTRIBUTING
COMPANY, 78 SOUTH STATE, PRESTON ID 83263.
(208)852-0030. BNB707

GIANT SOLAR PANELS $44.00 EACH! Excellent
Prices/Solar Equipment/Accessories. Free Informa-
tion/Send Stamped Envelope, Catalog $3,00. To:
QUAD ENERGY, P.O. Box 690073, Houston TX
77269. (713)893-0313. BNB715

ELECTRON TUBES: All types and sizes. Transmit-
ting, receiving, microwave ♦ ♦ . Large inventory = same
day shipping DAILY ELECTRONICS, 10914 NE 39th
ST. Suite B^6, Vancouver, WA 98682. (800)346-6667
or (206)896-8856. BNB71 9

MINIATURE POLfCE RADAR TRANSMITTER One
mile range, $41 assembled, $31.00 kit, (219)489-
1711. P,0. Box 80096, Fort Wayne [N 46898. BNB725

COAX CABLES! PL-259ST, 10 for $10.00. Type N for
9913, 10 tor $25.00. BNC mate to UHF female adap-
tors, $1/75 each. Quality coax cables, connectors, an-
tennas and amateur radio equipment. Inquire about
free catalog and price list. Write to R, C, KONTESf
465 Croft, Idaho Falls ID 83401-4419, Calf (208)522-
2839. BNB730

ICOM W21AT DUAL BAND HT, AC Battery Charger,

DC power cord, factory mod. for MARS/CAP $475.
Keister Whitt, Route 1, Box 25, Ringgold VA 24586.

(804)822^7005. BNB745

HAM RADIO REPAIR— Prompt service. ROBERT
HALL ELECTRONICS, 1660 MoKee Ro\, Suite A,
San Jose CA 951 16. (408)729-8200. BNB751

SOLAR POWERED HAMS! The Sunswitch is a
charge controller to protect your batteries from over
charge. Power MOSFETs are used, no relays! Assem-
bled tuned and tested. Now with Wall Mount Case,
£55.00 plus $3.00 shipping. SUNLIGHT ENERGY
SYSTEMS, 2225 Mayflower NW, Massillon OH
44647. BNB774

UHF REPEATER

Make high quality UHF repeaters from
GE Master II mobiles!

M0 Watt Mobite-Radia

• Duplexing and tuning irtfornrvatfon

• Information without radio

SI 99
$12
$40

AH Band

Field Day Antenna

Versatel Communications

Orders 1 -BGD-456-5548 For info. 307-266-1 700

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CIRCLE 259 ON READER SERVICE CARD

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Sell Your New & Used Gear In BARTER 'N' BUY

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INTERFERENCE LOCATION

• SO to 1000 MHZ

• Stuck Microphones

• Cable TV Leaks

• Jammed Repeaters
& Call Sites

Blew Technology (patented) converts any VHF or UHF FM receiver info a sensitive Doppler shift radio
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CIRCLE 13 ON READER SERVICE CARD

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Complete Inventory

ANTENNAS

TELEX/hy-gain

CUSHCRAFT
DIAMOND

TOWERS

ROHN

HY-GAIN

ACCESSORIES

YAESU ICOM MFJ AEA

BELDEN COAX:

9913

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COPPERWELO ANTENNA WIRE:

SdlkJ: 12 ga; Solid: 14 ga.' &
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ROTOR CABLE:

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Heavy Duty (6-18r a- 16)

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(LEAD-ACTQ^GKt. Cia J USES THE UC3906
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BCOZ BATTERY CHARGER MODULE BC01 I^SS ENCLOSURE,

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BC03 B*ttery Charger Module BC02 less xfmr,
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Prototyping kit for radio IMcuPCB, NErjG2AN, MC1496,

LM3S&. 7.5 X '1.3 X 15 ENCLO&U&K , HARDWARE; ASSY MANUAL

lft-00001 Experimenters pcb _ ,. %VL95

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31-0000 1 ENCLOSURE 7.5x8.5x1. S"(H/W«ASS V MANUAL) $33.95
45-00001 >ffii602AN Mdcw OSCILLATOR J2.23EA OR 6/.. 1 10.00

45-00003 UC3906 Battery charoer.. ..,_ S 7.30

43-flOOW NEU04AN IF-LIM-PHASE DimirTt^ S 5M

4.1-A0A03 8044ABM CURTIS K^YER CHIP,,-. $1753

Mar. check or money order to: JADE PRODUCTS, INC
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J >AX: (ti 03) 329^499 E IlAMPSTEAD, NH 03i2ri

VISA® \rm MASTERCARD® ACCEPTED
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USA SHP COST: $4.50 for 1st SI 00; Si. 00 FOR Ea. ADDfLS100.

CIRCLE 171 ON READER SERVICE CARD

CIRCLE 133 ON READER SERVICE CARD

73 Amateur Radio Today January, 1994 91

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Sell your product in 73 Amateur Radio Today
Call Dan Harper today. . . 1-800-274-7373

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EVERY ISSUE

of 73

on microfiche!

The entire run of 73 from October, 1 960
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You can have access to the treasures of
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CIRCLE 166 ON READER SERVICE CARD

WANTED: HAM EQUIPMENT AND OTHER PROP-
ERTY The Radio Club of Junior High School 22 NYCr
Inc. is not only the Big Apple's largest Ham club but
also the rtalionhs only full time, non-profit organization,
working to get Ham Radio into schools around the
country as a theme for teaching using our EDUGOM-
Education Thru Communication-program. Send your
radio to school. Your donated amateur or related
property, which wilt be picked up or shipping ar*
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law for you as we are an IRS 501 (c) (3) charity in our
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kids you cant. Start the new year off helping some-
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Box 1052, New York NY 1QQ02, Telephone (516)674-
4072 or FAX (516)674-9600. Young people, nation-
wide, can get high on Ham Radio with your help. Meet
us on the WB2JKJ CLASSROOM NET: 7.236 MHz.
1200-1330 UTC and 21.395 MHz. 1400-2000 daily.

BNB762

POSITION WANTED: Aggressive sales representa-
tive interested in handling amateur radio equipment.
Call (919)299-1298. BNB800

WANTED: clean, unused, COAXIAL CONNECTORS,
ADAPTERS, RF AND MICROWAVE COMPONENTS,
IGUr PO Box 27849, Santa Ana CA 92799, Fax
(714)553-0266. BNBS10

R-390-A SALES & SERVICE, PO BOX 3541-S,
TOLEDO OH 43608. BNBS1 3

FREE SHAREWARE AND HAM CATALOG for IBM
or COCO. Morse code Computer Interfaces $49.95.
NEW TWO METER Mobile Antenna Switcher $42.95.
DYNAMIC ELECTRONICS, Box 896, Hartselle AL
35640, (205)773-2758, FAX-773-7295. BNB815

SENSATIONAL NEW WAY TO LEARN CODE-Do
Aerobics, Sing, Jog, or Drive while learning codei
Now the secret is yours! Order THE RHYTHM OF
THE CODE-Morse code music cassette today! $9.95
ppd KAWA RECORDS P.O. Box 319-S, Weymouth,
MA 02188. The HIT of the 1993 Dayton Hamvention!

BNB324

DIGITAL SWR and POWER METER, Assemble, Kit,
or Plans, with Alarm and Set Points, FREE informa-
tion. RUPP ELECTRONICS, 5403 Westbreeze, Fort
Wayne I N 46804, (21 9)432^3049. BNBS31

FCC COMMERCIAL LICENSE PREPARATION RA-
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study fast easy audio video. Q & A pool disks. FREE
details WPT PUBLICATIONS (800)S00-758B.BNB840

ELECTRONICS GRAB BAG! 500 pieces of new
components: inductors, capacitors, diodes, resistors.
$5.00 postpaid. ALLTRQNICS, 2300 Zanker Rd,, San
Jose C A 95131. BNB855

WANTED: COLLINS ANTIQUES, anything old from,
speakers, receivers, transmitters, and all accessories,
any condition. Top $$$ paid. Rick, (800)462-2972
anytime. BNB865

RF ENGINEERS WANTED SGC, a world Eeader in
HF SSB equipment Is seeking experienced RF Engi-
neers. Experience in transmitter and receiver design,
A/D converters, digital voice processing, and low
noise oscillators is required Preference to licensed
amateurs, SGC, INC, PO Box 3526, Bellevue WA
98009. Principals only. BNB830

TRANSFORMERS...ORTHISIL DESIGN 5KW, $89;
75KW. $125; 1 KW, $142; 1.5KW, $165; 2KW, $180;
2.5KW, $195. Other sizes available. For 50% Du-
ty=1.5 (X) KW rating. Call: LUCAS TRANSFORMER
COMPANY, (616)229-4318 Write: 7113 N 9 Mile,
Lake City Ml 49651. COMPARE! BNB895

92 73 Amateur Radio Today • January, 1 994

PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS for 73 Magazine, QST,
ARRL Electronics Nowf Nuts & Volts, projects. US or-
ders deduct 20%. Free list. B-C-D ELECTRONICS,
Box 20304, 858 Upper James SL Hamilton, Ontario,

Canada L9C7M5, BNB910

WANTED: BUY & SELL Air types of Electron Tubes.
Call (612)429-9397, Fax (612)429-0929. C & N
ELECTRONICS, Harold Bramstedt, 6104 Egg Lake
Road, HugoMN 55038. BNB915

COMMODORE 64 HAM PRQGRAMS-8 disk sides
over 200 Ham programs $16S5./$.29 stamp gets un-
usual software catafog of Utilities, Games, Adult and
British Disks. HOME-SPUN SOFTWARE, Box 1064-

BB, Estero FL 33928, BNB917

INEXPENSIVE HAM RADIO EQUIPMENT. Send
postage stamp for list, Jim Brady WA4DSO, 3037 Au-
drey DR., Gastonia NC 28054. BNB927

USED AND NEW AMATEUR RADIO, SWL, AND
SCANNERS, We buy, sell, consign and trade used
equipment. Thirty day warranty. Western Pennsylva-
nias" newest Amateur Radio supplier We also offer
complete repairs on most types of equipment. Call for
quotes. FOR HAMS ONLY, INC. INFO (412)374-
9744, ORDERS ONLY (800)854-0815. ROBB
KE3EE. BNB929

RADIO REPAIR Amateur and commercial, profes-
sional work. Fred Fisher WF9Q, 6866 W. River RcL
South Whitley IN 46787, (21 9)723-4435. BNB930

SEIZED GOODS, radios, stereos, computers, and
more by FBI, IRS, DEA. Available fn your area now.
Call (800)436-4363 Ext, C-6223. BNB940

FREE HAM GOSPEL TRACTS, SASE. N3FTT, 5133
Gramercy, CfittonHeights PA 19018. BNB960

QRP KITS & COMPONENTS only 2 stamps for cata-
log. DAN1S SMALL PARTS & KITS, 1935 South 3rd
West #1 . Missoula MT 59801 . BNB964

AMIGA, MACINTOSH, ATARI XL/XE/ST Amateur
Radio & Electronics PD/shareware software $4.00
per disk. Two stamp SASE brings catalog. Specify
which computer! KD-WARE, Box 1646, Orange Park
FL 32067-1 646. BNB965

PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS for projects in 73,
Ham Radio, OSZ ARRL Handbook. List SASE, FAR
CIRCUITS, 18N640 Field Ctf Dundee IL 60118.

BNB966

AZDEN SERVICE by former factory technician,
SOUTHERN TECHNOLOGIES AMATEUR RADIO,
INC., 10715 SW 190 St. #9, Miami FL 33157,
(305)238-3327. BNB979

COMPUTER & PRINTER USERS: SAVE! SAVE!
SAVE! Renew your ribbons. Ink for 20 to 30 reinking
$6.00 plus $3.00 shipping. C & S ENTERPRISES,
P.O. Box 561, Clinton MS 39056. Sid WiEson,
WB5GFJVL BNB980

I BUY ELECTRON (VACUUMJ TUBES Magnetrons,
Kiystrons, Planar Triodes, etc. Jeremy Madvin at the
VACUUM TUBE EXCHANGE, (8GO)995-TUBE or fax
at (800)995-6851. BMB987

PICTURE QSL CARDS of your shackt etc., from your
photo or black ink artwork. 500 $28.00, 1.000 S44,50.
Also no n- picture cards. Custom printed cards, send
specifications for estimate. Send 2 stamps for illus-
trated literature. Generous sample kit $2.00, naff
pound of samples $3-00. RAUM'S, 8617 Orchard
Road, Coopersburg PA 18036. Fax or Phone
(215)679-7238, BNB988

ROTOR PARTS ROTOR SERVICE, ROTOR acces-
sories: Brak-D-Lays, Quilt-Connects, Pre-Set mods.
NEW models for sale. Free catalog. C.A.T.S., 7368
State Road 105, Pemberville OH 43450. BNB996

Beam in the Briefcase?

The kind of tasliMss irips 1 lake, jsan gotist lutw $ bepm
lo gel ji signal ixick home. Bui the hoacU don't go for
atommum ancles on ihe radf. No problem who my goGli.
aid Hn]f5qwre$.. They're smaJScr 1 han t\ bosk \a ibe -
briefcase, and inoosipicuDus wbert they're hanging dllI
ihc window LO a lrce. but they do ihe job bare-font villi
oui raising an eyebrow. Add S5 P&M Id your order

10 U 15 M 20 M

$39.95 $44.95 $*9M

Antennas West

Box D0062F: Provo, UT M605

■tn M
$6935

Order Hoi Lirft:
801-373-&43S

Build you / awn from, scnalch wi:h TcehNotC 3122A £5.^ ppd \l?>//

CIRCLE 315 ON READER SERVICE CARD

IT MAY BE WINTER UV MONTANA
BUT OUR PRICES ARE SIZZUNGH

Wolfe Communications

1113 Central Ave

Billings, MT59102

406-252-9220 FAX: 406-252-9617

CaH or write for our current flyer

BUY — SELL — TRADE

CIRCLE 20 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Sell Your New & Used Gear In BARTER 'N' BUY

Classified Ads Work! Call Judy Walker today. 1 -800-274-7373

▼ ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD METER W

Reduce exposure to potentially harmful
electromagnetic fields. Alphaiab's handheld TrIFIetd™
Meter measures AC electric fields, AC magnetic fields
and radio/microwave power density. Find ground faults,
AC current wires or measure high-field generators with
the Magnetic setting (.2 - 100 miliigauss, 60 Hz); identify
poorly grounded or shielded equipment, high VDT or
fluorescent light fields, distinguish hot vs. ground wires
with Electric setting (.5 - 100 kWm, 60 Hz); measure
antenna radiation patterns, leaky microwave ovens, etc,
on RF/microwave setting (50 MHz to 3 GHz, .01 to 1
mW/cffi2),

Electric and magnetic settings are omnidirectional,
measuring full magnitude of fields without the need to
reorient the meter. Price of $145 includes delivery and
one-year warranty.

AlphaLab, 1272 Alameda Ave, Salt Lake City, UT 84102
Call (801) 532-6604 for speedier service or free
I iterature on electromagnetic radiation health risks.

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With Ni-Cad batteries, Chgr,

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antenna, case & belt clip, Limited time offer,

not valid with any other specials. Only 5.95

shipping & handling anywhere in the 48

states. Call toll free and order this new unit!

COMMUNICATIONS

Call
1-800-445-7717

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317-842-7115 Fax 1-800-448-1084

CIRCLE 164 ON READER SERVICE CARD

VIDEO I.D. BOARD

•Custom Graphics with your Call Sign

*4 Screens (2 Hi-res/2 color bar)

•12 VDC Operation

♦Instant Video ID

•Video Relay for switching in Live

Camera Video
■Built-in Automatic Sequencer-Timer

(steps through all four screens)

VDG-1 with pre-programmed calls:

$99

Call or write for catalog of available graphics

ELKTROMCS

1 2536 T.R. 77 ■ Findlay, OH 45840

(419)422-8206

ELKTROMCS

W8ASK

KDBlVB-WmiK

12536 T.H. 77
Findlay. DH 45BHQ

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+\mn Ha ATV'n

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CIRCLE 8 ON READER SERVICE CARD

73 Amateur Radio Today* January, 1994 93

Uncle Wayne's Bookshelf

REFERENCE

20 N 1 02 Practice I Di g i tal Electron i c s Handbook fry Mike Tin*
ley If A Contains ninj digital test year projects... Digit al circuits. Ionic
g4ids. histahles and timers, microprocessors, memory and input/output
cfaivfeiS, S14.50

20M03 Electronic Power Supply Handbook by fan R.
Sinclair Covers many types of supplies. — batteries, simple AC.
supplier switch mode supplies and Inverters. $16,25

20N1 04 Electronic Test Equipment Handbook fry Steve Mtm-
ey A guide lo tlectronit: test equipment for the engineer, technician,
student and home enthusiast. $18.00

20N105 Digital Logic Gates and Flip-Flops by ten R. Sinclair
A 1 1 rin foundation in digital electronics". Treats the topics of gates and
flip-flops thoroughly and from the beginning, $18.00

01CBO Master Handbook ol 1001 Practical Electronic
Circuits Tried and proven solid slate circuits. $19.95

Q1P68 Pirate Radio Stations by Andrew YwL? Tuning in to
uctitfgpUftd frroadeastsi. $1JL95

0 1 TO 1 Tra nsmi tte r H u nting by Jtisrpft Moeli and Tliamas Cttrlee

Ruilm direction Imdin^ .simplified. $19.95

03R02 Rtty Today fry Ihne Ingram Modem yuide to amateur
mUiutelelype. $S,?0

05E03 First Book of Modem Electronics Unique projects that
are money saving. $12.95

09D22 The World Ham Net Directory fry Mm Withtmki

New 2v\d edition. Introduces the special interest ham radio networks
and shows you wlien and where you can tune them in. $9JU

09 PS3 Pi rate Radi O D irectory to- Gettrjtf Teller Where to tune i n
on SiXfel entertainment stations, $1*95

10F093 199a International Callbook The new IW E interna-
tional Callbook I iMs 500.tKKh- licensed radio amateurs in ihe countries
outside North America, It covers South America. Europe. Africa.
Asia, and the Pacific area (exclusive of Hawaii and the U.S. posses-
sion st. $29^5

10D093 1993 North American CallbOOk The 1 993 North American

Callbook lists the calls* names, and address information for MKI.iMHH- li-
censed radio amateurs in all eoumries of Nonh America, $2%V5

05H24 Radio Handbook. 23rd Ed. by William t Orr W6SA! U(t
pa|!es of everything you wanted to know about radio communication.
119.U5

02B10 Heath Nostalgia fry Terry Perdue KSTP 124 page illustratd
history of the Heath Company. Includes inany fond memories contributed
by long-time Heath kit employees. $V,»Hr

10DF92 1993 Call book Supplement A a update to the 1 992
International and American callhooks. $10,011

15E76 Basic Electronics Prepared by the Bureau of Ntmii
Perstmttei Covens the important aspects of applied electronics and

elect roil ies communications. £10,5)5

12E41 Second Level Basic Electronics Prepared by ibe
Bureau of Naval Personnel Sequel to Bask' Electronics, thorough
treatment of the more advanced levels of applied electronics.. $935

G1D45 The Illustrated Dictionary of Electronics, 5th Ed

fry Rtifin P. Turner and Stan Gibitiscu An exhaustive list of ahhrc
vial ions, and appendices packed wilh schematic symbols and con-
version tables, S£fi,95

20NG91 Wost-Often-Needed Radio Diagrams and Servic-
ing Information, 1 926- 1 93a, Volume One compiled by M. N.
Oilman An invaluable reference tor anyone involved in Vintage
Radio restoration. $1 1.95

2G1M096 How To Read Schematics (4th Ed.) fry Donald £
Uerrmi>um Written for the beginner in electronics, but it also con-
tains information valuable to the hobbyist and ctt^ineerine techni-
cian $1-1.95

20N097 Radio Operators World Atlas fry Waft Ssinxim,
WftCP This is a compad 1,^7), detailed, and comprehensive
world atlas deigned to be a constant desk top companion tor radio
operators. $17,95

20NQ2G Secrets of RF Circuit Design fry J&wph I Carr

Written in clear n on- technical lanyuaee, ecu vers everythiny from

aiiienuus to transistors, $19,50

2QN1 09 73 Magazine Index 1960-1990

A com pie i e unlet to every article published in 7 J Mazarine

through \lMl Rook Sl>.lHI IBM software (specify type) $20,00

20W1 10 Product Reviews Since 1945 Contains an i<*de* to
?.4M) product Hfytews that have appeared in QST. C{J. HR, 73 and
RadcttttL Boot $11.95 IBM Software 525 SIIJ.IM)

SHORTWAVE

06S57 1993 Passport to World Band
Radio by Inteittflfuinal Brandt axiing

Swift's, Lid You'll j:ei die Latest station and
time grids. $16,?Cr

OSS 11 Shortwave Receivers Past and
Present edited by Fred J. Omentum Guide to
21HH- shortwave receivers manufactured! in the
la^t 2(1 years. The Blue Book of shortwave rwiJ.O
value. $&+95

07R25 The RTTY Listener fry Fred Oster-
man New and expanded. This specialized book
compiles issues I through 25 of the RTTY
U.'itetur New.iifeHer. Contains up-to-date, hard-
io-fiiid information on advanced RTTY and
FAX munitoritt|i techniques and frequencies,
$1935

03C09 Shortwave Clandestine Confiden-
tial hy Geny L. Desur Covers all clandestine

hi'Ludca^tiii!!. countrv'by-eoijtiiry: lells Iretpjen-
cies. other un published infoimaliom spy, insur-
jtent*.. tVeeUoin fighters, rebel, an arch] si radio,
secret radio. $S.5tt

03M221 US Military Communications
(Part 1) US Military eom mimical ion channels
on shortvtave. Covers frequencies. backiiroLind
on poinl^o-point j'requencies, for the Philip-
pines,, Japan and Korea. Indian and Pacific
Oceans, and more, $1 2.!>5

03M222 US Military Communications
(PartZ) Covers US Coast Guard. NASA.
CAP, FA A. Dept. of Energy, Federal Enter*

eency Management Agency. Disjsier Commu-
nications, FCC. Dopl. of Justice. From 34 KC to

03M223 US Military Communications
(Part 3) Completes the vast overall frequency
lis) of US Military services, frajii K9^3 KC to
27.M44KC S1I.M5

09342 Trie Scanner Listener's Handbook

fry J&hrai J StHntire N2RFF Get the most out of

ycjtir sLanncr radio. Si 4.95

1 1TBB Tune in on Telephone Calls fry
Tom Ktwiiet K2AES Formatted as a frequency
list with detailed description of each service and
its location in RF spectnim. SI 2,95

03K205 Guide to Radioteletype (RTTY)
Stations fry Jr ktiuxenfusA Updated book
covers all RTTY station^ from JMH/.-3()MH/n
Press, Military. Cttmrnercial. Meteo. PTTs, em-
bassic.s. and more. 312.95

11ASIO Air Scan Guide to Aeronautical
Communications (5th Ed*} fry Tom Kaekvl
K2AES Most comprehensive ^uide to monitor-
ini! US aeronautical communications. Cover* all
Canadian land atrpons and seaplane bases, phis
listings for Central America, the Carihheunr
Nonli Atlantic, and the Pacific Territories,
114.95

07A6B Aeronautical Communications
Handbook by Robert E. Evans Exhaustive,

scholarly treatment of shortwave aemnauEieat
listening. *i^.95

1 1 RF13 The "Top Secret" Registry of US
Government Radio Frequencies (7th Ed.)
fry Ttwt Knehet K2AES This scanner directory
has become ihe standard rel'crence source for
frequency and other important information relat-
ins; to the communications of federal agencies.
$19.95

1TF52 Ferreirs Confidential Frequency
List, New Revised Edition amptftd hy
A.C Htdtixey All frequencies from 4 MH?>
2HMH/ covering ship, embassy. are«K Vol met,
hiteipol, numbers:. Air Force One/Two h more,
Sl9+3r

15A002 Scanner and Shortwave Answer
Book fry Bob Grove Most frequently asked
questions by hobbyists. $13,95

11SR97 National Directory of Survival
Radio Frequencies fry Tom Kneml K2AES

Handy and concise reference yuide to hit;h inter-
est commuiiicati(3tis frequencies required by .sur-
vivalists, $8.95

11SM11 Scanner Modification Hand-

book, VOL 1 fry Bill Creek provides straight-
forwartl step-by-step instructions for expanding
the operating capabilities oT VI IF scanners.
$17.95

11EEG6 Guide to Embassy Espionage
Commtjnicalioiis frv T*mh Kneiiet K2AFS
Candid und probing examination ol" worldwide
embassy and t alleged i espionage commiinica-
lions systems and networks. $1(K9S

20N094 A Flick of the Switch, 1930-1950

by Aforjiau E. Me Malum Discover the fast-
jimwjnL; hobby of radio collecting, ^3,95

07R26 World Wide Aeronautical Commu-
nications fry Ritberi E. E\.rtnt.\ AirerafVAir
Traffic Control. Aircraft/Company Operations,
Aviation Weather Broadcasts. Aeronautical
Flight Tests, Worldwide Military Air Forces.
Aeni Search & Rescue, Aero I^tw Enforcement.
NASA Flight Suppurt. Aero Terms & A bbrev ia-
lis ins and Aero Tactical I den ti tiers. Sfj.95

11T89 Scanner Modification Handbook
Vol. 2 by Bill Creek Here it is— a companion
to Vol. I. In fact. Vol. 2 has a section that pro-
vjoVs improved approaches and updaied tech-
niques tor the mods in Vol. 1. There's IS new
exeitiny modifications for popular scanners,
$17.95

03R01 Worfd Press Services Frequen-
cies (RTTY) New 5th Ed A comprehensive
manual covering radioteletype news monitor-
ing — contains all information — artienna. receiv-
ing, terminal units, plus three extensive frequen-
cy lists. n$s

SOFTWARE

04M54 GGTE Morse Tutor From heeirtner to Exira
class m easy fielj-paetd lessons. Code speed* front 1 to
over MM words per minute. Standard or Farnsivorlh
mode. Adjustable: (one frequency. Create your own.
drills, prjL'tiL'c or uclual c^uniN, Exams uonform to
ICC reijuiremeniN. S \14 " (kippy lor IBM PC, XT, AT,
PS/2 or compatibles %t9M

04M55 Advanced Edition S29.95

20N021 No Code Ham Radio Education Pack-
age Computer soft ware pack jge. I roelude* computer
aided instruction software HUM compatible). 2<)i.) patie
llJrm Radio Mundbtxib, %2$$5

20N022 Ham Operator Education Package

Con iputcr software L'oittnins five IBM L'ompulihtc discs
\Mth alt questions for all Ike use classes, plus "Mw*e
Aeademj." ende le;ichinj! software that lakes you troin
0-2£] wpm. *:«,V5

Lanze Code Programs — (Available on 5 1/4"

disk,} Inexpensive complete stuj% iiuiJe code pro-
grams for both the C6J/l]lK ComnKX^ifCt :»nJ the IBM
compatibles. Programs include updateJ FCC qucMkmih

multiple uhoice Jiiswers,. fbrinulav, stheniaitt' symhttk,
diaerams, and simuEjled ( VrR] sample 4estr

l&M Piirt# Cumnnxtorc Pan*

Prkc

Novke IBMUI

COM01

%U.t5

Tech IBM02

COM02

SJ^5

Gencml IBMH3

COM03

S14.95

Advance IBMIU

COMtH

S1V.15

Extra £New PmU IBMIti

COM05

$19,95

IBMPG, C0M06 JBM/Commodore Tech No
Code— Lanze Cede Program Contains alHhe
autriori/fd FCC quesimiK and answers used in testing
formulas, scriematk symbols, diu^nnW: Md sample
lest for passing ihe new Technician No Code license.
$14.95

IBM97 Armleur Radio Part 97 Rules New Edi-
(tn*i. complete FCC rules. 5%W

fktt* ?#

VIS Study Cards i

ouspait. up-lu

-diiLe Mash Canis

w Lth Kev Wordit

Underlined. Qui/ on bail. Formulas

worked out, 5c

ic unities at vour

linden ips. Used

SUCCF:.SSFL!LLV by

j^es(>totil!

NOVICE

visei

S1L95

TECH

VIS02

lfl.95

GENERAL

VISE)?

9.«5

ADVANCED

VISW

I5,u5

LXTRA

vtsfe

14.45

J„

^s?F*<4?

ARRL BOOKS —

AR1994 AHRL 1994 Handbook f71st Ed+) Fea-
ma: added DSP. improved treatment oF Pi sytd Pi-L.
;iH new; ail^iijl-lop;, plus ftts mure, M5.M

AR 1993 ARAL 1993 Handbook (70th Ed.) 39
cfetap&l^ featuring llCK) uEiles. ft jtu r-e-s and charm.

Comprehensive, « ell curgnni^cd and tiflbrdahJe. J25.ll*

AR 1 086-4 ARHL Operating Manual (4th Ed*)
Jnlwrnuirun m haw to make the best u*e of ynur 8a*
tinn, including: imcrfacrn^ home computer OSCAR
VIIK'LHKSIS.IM)

A R 0 1 94 Ante nna Com pi n dium Vol. 1 Mate rials
Wl vefliciik quads. Ifiups, Yagk reduced dfce Diiiennas,
haluns. Smith Churls, amentia polarization, SKMKt

AR2545 Antenna Compendium Vol. £ Covets

verticals, yagis. ijuads, muhtbiuid ami broadband sys-
tems antenna tfkciiun. $I2«00

AR401 7 A n ten rta Compendi urn Vo E. 3 More ver-
tic-ils, jarfis. quads, plus loops arrays mobile, diree-
titm Hiutiiw. unlimited currents computerized, iiisial-
latiffli, overloads, plus -M} new articles for beginner's lo

AR262G Companion Software for Antenna
Compendium Vol. 2 5 1/4" MS-DOS floppy,
SI (MMJ

AR0488 WtFtVs Antenna Notebook by ihm%
IkMnw Wtfff Gel the best performance out of unob-
trusive wire atiiennas and vert tok Bui Ed luncrs and
SWR bridges. S».5I»

AR0348 OfiP Notebook M- /V^> flr/UW HVFff
Prescnh construction pmjcvis lor (he QRP Operator.

AR4141 WlFBs Design Notebook hy that fc-
\ttin- Wtf'H Filled with simple practical projects, ih:Jt
fan he btiih using readily mailable components and

common hurtd tools. SIU.UU

AR2200 Antenna Impetfarice Matching /■■, u.y
Jra/iV. Cunrm Musi comprehensive book written on us-
ing Smith Guns in living impedaiwe match inn proh-
fcinvSItKOO

ARD4Q2 Solid State Design Gc**l basic informa-
I ton. circuit dcsijiiii and applications; description* of
reeetx ilfv iraiismi tiers, power supplies, and test equip-

AR3153 Weather Satellite Handbook (4th Ed.)

by Ik Rafph Tasxttn WliUDQT Expanded and revised
lore fleet today's weaihcr-fiii satellite techno! uiiy.

AR3290 Companion Software for Weather
Satellite Handbook 5 |/4* MS-DOS Floppy,
$10*00

AR3291 Now You're Talking! All You Need To
Get Your First Ham Radio License {2nd Edi-
tiOFt) A compfeie kllkIv guide for the Tcchmciin and
Novice written exam, Plraciiujl infurmaimn every he-
pinner needs is. written clearly and MiripK and in small
dose;,. S1V.IHJ

AR3393 Your Introduction to Morse Code:
Practice Cassettes Kit includes two w mjnuu
ca^^fl|1e utpes. Prtpa^s you fw tk 5 WPM Mane code
exatn io eiim Jfltus rSfexicc lieense or add hi^rh- frequen-
ts woridwide uommuniealioiis privilege* to your tode-
fiec Teehnieian Iktuxc. $1U.IMI

AR0437 ARRL Repeater Directory 1993-1994

l^tKJN-t- Jisiinj!* wiih difipeatcrs, banUplan^. CTCSS
(PLcTMj) tone ehart, frequency etiordinators, ARRL
^peeiELp service clubs, Jnd bcuiun li>linus from l-l MH/
to MGH/. S6.(KI

Aft 1033 The DXCC Companion Av/im rteamtffis
A'ff/i" Spells out in simple, sirai^htfonAiifd lerms what
you need to be :i sueeessful DXer. ihM

ARt?50 Log Book-Spiral $3.50

ARA341 Interference Handbook RFI sleuth's ex-
pctierice in Hdvin^ inierferenLe pm^lcniiS, $12.00

AR2T97 ARRL Data Book Valuable itid io rbe RF
desr^i) eiieineer. icuhnician. radio amaieur. and cuperi-
memer. film

AR2960 Transmission Line Transformers (2nd
Ed.} hy Dr. Jtrry Hcrid \V2FMt Practical desi^jis
and xpeeifie information on constntclion lechniques
and siijurces »*" maienal. $2IUHI

AR0410 Yagf Antenna Design A Ham Rutin sc-
ries polhhudand c^pjiFidcdb) Dr. Law Hon. SI 5.01)

AR21 71 Hints and Kinks Ucas Ibr scLtini! up your
^eiir for comfortable, crtleicm operjlion. $8.00

AFI3169 QRP Classics Compihuism of ARRL pub
I if a [ions on buildinu receivers, ir^ns mi iters'. Iran*-
cei * ers. tttfcft*}«i tnts. S 1 100

ARRL License Manuals Complete FCC question
pools with answers.

AR2375 Technician Class
AR23&3 General Class
AR0166 Advanced Class
AR2391 Ejctra Class

SAM
S&JX)
SK.iK>
S8.ffl)

ANTENNAS

20W106 The Easy Wire Antenna Handbook by
Dave Ingrain K4TWJ. Gives you nil of ihe needed di-
mensions for :i full raofr of easy to build ^ttd erect

%} wires;' $M. 50

10A343 All About Cubical Quad Antennas by

Wjtfiwn On- and Swan Cowan "The Classic-1' on
Quad dest^n. theory, troitstrueiion, operation. New1
Iced and muiebinu systems. New dutj. $11.95

O1A70 Practical Antenna Handbook ;<■.
JffM'phJ. &trr Design, bitild. modify, and instiill your

imii arttunnus. $2235

UHF/VHF/PACKET,

01P22-3 The Packet Radio Handbook (2nd
Ed.} in Jtmuthan L Mtttift KH3T "...Ihe deliiuuve
jftiide io jinijieurp:tekct operation. " — Gw/yn Reedy
WiUHLOnJj ritiM

20N019 U.S. Repeater Mapbook hv Rifart
Martin t\\c Guide lor inivetin^ radio uniuteuns.

10A342 All About Verticle Antennas frv WifUm

Qrr Comprehensive coverage or amateur L-ummunicLh
tions. S1II.95

10A345 Beam Antenna Handbook by MWm
Qrr atitt Stuart CiMiin Eversthin^ yim nerd uv kr-m\
about be;tm desi^iueonstrudKJtl. alldo|K-ralion. SI 1.S5

10A34G Simple, Low-Cost Wire Antennas For
Radio AmateUfS by William ihnxiul Humn tWijjg
All New! Low-aisi. muhi-bsuid antennas; inevpensive
bcaJi^. ■"Invisible"' antennae for liatns in "tooth" leva-
tions! New dai;t. SIUS

09V11 The Basic Guide to VHFftJHF Ham
Radio by Ettwtii'd At. Ncli Provide^- a tirsi rate
introduclion to the 2.6 mid J .25 meter bands as
wll its 23. 0, and Ttfcm, $6.50

03R02 RTTY Today by Duw Iu.vntm K4TWJ

Most comprehensive KVSY turtle ever published.
$3,511

BOOKS FOR BEGINNERS

02D42 Digital No vice hy Jim Qmhbn Gen red

to muke yon ;i more kno^fedgabfe pan ici pant r

05C25 Basic A,C, Circuits A sicp-by step

approach fortlic bejtirinTng sttKlejit. S24J0

20W01B Technician Class License Manual:
New No-Code by ihmbm tferThis book cov-
ers everything you need to become a Tcchniekin
Otts^ Hani, Every qwesiion a«d answer on the ev

Mioinations h found in ibis one b£M)k. FCC Form
OL(iapp1iemi(in.$9.95

20N092 The Wonderful World of Ham
Radio Hy Richard Skvttiik, KfMLCS Simple.

clear, iiiid Iuik Introduces yoimg people io unuueur
radio, $?*M5

01AB7 Shortwave Listener's Antenna
Han d bo Ok Primer an reiina i heory. $ t \*)$

20N100 Electronics Build and Learn (2nd
Ed-) hy ft A Pctijbld Combines theory and prm;-
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20 N 09 9 Digital Electronics Projects for Be-
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AR2371 W1FBhs Help tor New Hams hy

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Put lo-ethef ;j s union und get on the air. $10.00

AR22B6 First Steps in Radio by D<mx
OcMmv WIFE Series of Q$T articles, $5,0ft

AR3185 The Satellite Experimenter's Hand-
book, (2nd Ed,) by Martin Davidaff K2VBC

bounded and reived. Putusinii on siliellitcs built by
aiKl for the international n.Kli4i amateur cninmuniiy,

%i\\m

AR2456 FCC flute Book (9th Ed) A musi for

every aeEivc nadio animtur. $9.00

AR2030 Your Gateway to Packet fladio (2nd
Edh) Tells every ihin« you need lo know aboul this

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Full text of "73 Magazine (January 1994)"

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